cisc 和 risc

1)复杂指令集架构(CISC) (1) Complex Instruction Set Architecture (CISC))

The basic idea behind is to make hardware complex as a single instruction will do all the operation such as loading, evaluating and storing operations just like a division command will do stuff like loading data, evaluating and storing it.

背后的基本思想是使硬件变得复杂，因为一条指令将完成所有操作(例如加载，评估和存储操作)，就像除法命令将执行诸如加载数据，评估和存储操作一样。

2)精简集指令集体系结构(RISC) (2) Reduced Set Instruction Set Architecture (RISC))

The basic idea behind this is to make hardware simpler by using an instruction set composed of very few basic steps for many operation such as loading, evaluating and storing operations just like an subtraction command will be composed of loading data, evaluating and storing.

这背后的基本思想是通过使用由很少的基本步骤组成的指令集来简化硬件，而这些基本步骤对于许多操作(如加载，评估和存储操作)而言，就像减法命令将由加载数据，评估和存储构成一样。

Both approaches basically try to increase the CPU performance.

两种方法基本上都试图提高CPU性能。

• CISC: The CISC approach basically tries to minimize the number of instructions per program but it leads to theincrease in the cost of number of cycles per instruction.

  CISC： CISC方法基本上是尝试将每个程序的指令数减至最少，但它导致每个指令的循环数成本增加。

• RISC: Role of RISC is basically to reduce the cycles per instruction at the cost of the number of instructions per program.

  RISC：RISC的作用基本上是减少每个指令的周期，但以每个程序的指令数为代价。

Characteristic of RISC:

RISC的特点：

1. It basically consists of simple instruction which basically leads to simple instruction decoding.

   它基本上由简单的指令组成，从根本上导致简单的指令解码。

2. This Instruction basically comes undersize of one word.

   该指令基本上不到一个字。

3. This instruction basically takes one clock cycle to get executed.

   该指令基本上需要一个时钟周期来执行。

4. These basically require a large number of general purpose register.

   这些基本上需要大量的通用寄存器。

5. It comprises simple Addressing Modes.

   它包含简单的寻址模式。

Characteristic of CISC:

CISC的特点：

1. As the name suggests Complex instruction should have complex instruction decoding.

   顾名思义，复杂指令应具有复杂指令解码。

2. These Instruction sizes are greater than one-word size.

   这些指令大小大于一个字的大小。

3. Unlike RISC, CISC can take more than one clock cycle to execute Instruction.

   与RISC不同，CISC可能需要多个时钟周期来执行指令。

4. Unlike RISC, in CISC we basically require Less number of general purpose register as operation get performed in memory itself.

   与RISC不同，在CISC中，随着操作在内存本身中执行，我们基本上需要较少数量的通用寄存器。

5. It comprises complex Addressing Modes.

   它包含复杂的寻址模式。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/cso/RISC-and-CISC.aspx

cisc 和 risc