environment

gcc --version
g++ --version
gdb --versionsudo apt update
sudo apt install gcc g++ build-essential gdb cmake 

项目目录结构

MyProject/
│
├── CMakeLists.txt        # CMake 配置文件
├── src/
│   └── main.cpp          # 源代码
├── build/                # CMake 构建输出目录
├── .vscode/              # VSCode 配置文件夹
│   ├── launch.json       # 调试配置
│   └── tasks.json        # 构建、清理、配置任务

• task.json

{"version": "2.0.0","tasks": [{"label": "clean","type": "shell","command": "rm -rf ${workspaceFolder}/build","group": "build","problemMatcher": [],"detail": "Clean the build directory"},{"label": "configure","type": "shell","command": "cmake","args": ["-S","${workspaceFolder}","-B","${workspaceFolder}/build"],"problemMatcher": [],"detail": "Configure the project with CMake"},{"label": "build","type": "shell","command": "cmake","args": ["--build","${workspaceFolder}/build"],"group": {"kind": "build","isDefault": true},"problemMatcher": ["$gcc"],"detail": "Build the project using CMake"}]
}

• launch.json

{"version": "0.2.0","configurations": [{"name": "Debug (gdb)","type": "cppdbg","request": "launch","program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/MyProject",  // 这里填入你的可执行文件路径"args": [],"stopAtEntry": false,"cwd": "${workspaceFolder}","environment": [],"externalConsole": false,"MIMode": "gdb","setupCommands": [{"description": "Enable pretty-printing for gdb","text": "-enable-pretty-printing","ignoreFailures": true}],"miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb",  // 如果你的系统使用的是 gdb"preLaunchTask": "clean",          // 在调试前清理构建目录"postDebugTask": "build",         // 在调试后执行构建任务"serverLaunchTimeout": 10000,"sourceFileMap": {"/src": "${workspaceFolder}/src"}}]
}

• settings.json
  • files.associations：用于指定文件类型与语言模式的关联。例如，如果你的头文件是 .h 文件但内容是 C 语言的把 list_node.h、generalized_list.h 和 binary_tree.h 关联到 C 语言

"files.associations": {"list_node.h": "c","generalized_list.h": "c","binary_tree.h": "c"
}

• C_Cpp.default.includePath：用于指定编译器搜索头文件时的路径。初学者在使用标准库时，可以通过这个配置设置 include 目录。

"C_Cpp.default.includePath": ["/usr/include","/usr/local/include"
]

• C_Cpp.default.defines：定义编译时的宏

"C_Cpp.default.defines": ["DEBUG","NDEBUG"
]

• C_Cpp.default.compilerPath： 设置默认的 C 编译器路径

"C_Cpp.default.compilerPath": "/usr/bin/gcc"

• C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode：设置 IntelliSense 模式。对于 GCC 编译器，你可以使用 gcc-x64，而对于 Clang，使用 clang-x64

"C_Cpp.default.intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64"

• “editor.formatOnSave”: 保存时自动格式化代码

"editor.formatOnSave": true

• C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine：设置 IntelliSense 的引擎。Default 使用 C/C++ 插件提供的引擎，而 Tag Parser 仅基于文件的静态分析

"C_Cpp.intelliSenseEngine": "Default"