转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/jasonblog/article/details/49909163
如果要获取当前线程的调用栈,可以直接使用现有API:[NSThread callStackSymbols]
。
但是并没有相关API支持获取任意线程的调用栈,所以只能自己编码实现。
1. 基础结构
一个线程的调用栈是什么样的呢?
我的理解是应该包含当前线程的执行地址,并且从这个地址可以一级一级回溯到线程的入口地址,这样就反向构成了一条链:线程入口执行某个方法,然后逐级嵌套调用到当前现场。
(图片来源于维基百科)
如图所示,每一级的方法调用,都对应了一张活动记录,也称为活动帧。也就是说,调用栈是由一张张帧结构组成的,可以称之为栈帧。
我们可以看到,一张栈帧结构中包含着Return Address,也就是当前活动记录执行结束后要返回的地址(展开)。
那么,在我们获取到栈帧后,就可以通过返回地址来进行回溯了。
2. 指令指针和基址指针
我们明确了两个目标:(1)当前执行的指令,(2)当前栈帧结构。
以x86为例,寄存器用途如下:
SP/ESP/RSP: Stack pointer for top address of the stack.
BP/EBP/RBP: Stack base pointer for holding the address of the current stack frame.
IP/EIP/RIP: Instruction pointer. Holds the program counter, the current instruction address.
可以看到,我们可以通过指令指针来获取当前指令地址,以及通过栈基址指针获取当前栈帧地址。
那么问题来了,我们怎么获取到相关寄存器呢?
3. 线程执行状态
考虑到一个线程被挂起时,后续继续执行需要恢复现场,所以在挂起时相关现场需要被保存起来,比如当前执行到哪条指令了。
那么就要有相关的结构体来为线程保存运行时的状态,经过一番查阅,得到如下信息:
The function thread_get_state returns the execution state (e.g. the machine registers) of target_thread as specified by flavor.
Function - Return the execution state for a thread.SYNOPSISkern_return_t thread_get_state(thread_act_t target_thread,thread_state_flavor_t flavor,thread_state_t old_state,mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count);
/** THREAD_STATE_FLAVOR_LIST 0* these are the supported flavors*/
#define x86_THREAD_STATE32 1
#define x86_FLOAT_STATE32 2
#define x86_EXCEPTION_STATE32 3
#define x86_THREAD_STATE64 4
#define x86_FLOAT_STATE64 5
#define x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64 6
#define x86_THREAD_STATE 7
#define x86_FLOAT_STATE 8
#define x86_EXCEPTION_STATE 9
#define x86_DEBUG_STATE32 10
#define x86_DEBUG_STATE64 11
#define x86_DEBUG_STATE 12
#define THREAD_STATE_NONE 13
/* 14 and 15 are used for the internal x86_SAVED_STATE flavours */
#define x86_AVX_STATE32 16
#define x86_AVX_STATE64 17
#define x86_AVX_STATE 18
所以我们可以通过这个API搭配相关参数来获得想要的寄存器信息:
bool jdy_fillThreadStateIntoMachineContext(thread_t thread, _STRUCT_MCONTEXT *machineContext) {mach_msg_type_number_t state_count = x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT;kern_return_t kr = thread_get_state(thread, x86_THREAD_STATE64, (thread_state_t)&machineContext->__ss, &state_count);return (kr == KERN_SUCCESS);
}
这里引入了一个结构体叫_STRUCT_MCONTEXT
。
4. 不同平台的寄存器
_STRUCT_MCONTEXT
在不同平台上的结构不同:
x86_64,如iPhone 6模拟器:
_STRUCT_MCONTEXT64
{_STRUCT_X86_EXCEPTION_STATE64 __es;_STRUCT_X86_THREAD_STATE64 __ss;_STRUCT_X86_FLOAT_STATE64 __fs;
};_STRUCT_X86_THREAD_STATE64
{__uint64_t __rax;__uint64_t __rbx;__uint64_t __rcx;__uint64_t __rdx;__uint64_t __rdi;__uint64_t __rsi;__uint64_t __rbp;__uint64_t __rsp;__uint64_t __r8;__uint64_t __r9;__uint64_t __r10;__uint64_t __r11;__uint64_t __r12;__uint64_t __r13;__uint64_t __r14;__uint64_t __r15;__uint64_t __rip;__uint64_t __rflags;__uint64_t __cs;__uint64_t __fs;__uint64_t __gs;
};
x86_32,如iPhone 4s模拟器:
_STRUCT_MCONTEXT32
{_STRUCT_X86_EXCEPTION_STATE32 __es;_STRUCT_X86_THREAD_STATE32 __ss;_STRUCT_X86_FLOAT_STATE32 __fs;
};_STRUCT_X86_THREAD_STATE32
{unsigned int __eax;unsigned int __ebx;unsigned int __ecx;unsigned int __edx;unsigned int __edi;unsigned int __esi;unsigned int __ebp;unsigned int __esp;unsigned int __ss;unsigned int __eflags;unsigned int __eip;unsigned int __cs;unsigned int __ds;unsigned int __es;unsigned int __fs;unsigned int __gs;
};
ARM64,如iPhone 5s:
_STRUCT_MCONTEXT64
{_STRUCT_ARM_EXCEPTION_STATE64 __es;_STRUCT_ARM_THREAD_STATE64 __ss;_STRUCT_ARM_NEON_STATE64 __ns;
};_STRUCT_ARM_THREAD_STATE64
{__uint64_t __x[29]; /* General purpose registers x0-x28 */__uint64_t __fp; /* Frame pointer x29 */__uint64_t __lr; /* Link register x30 */__uint64_t __sp; /* Stack pointer x31 */__uint64_t __pc; /* Program counter */__uint32_t __cpsr; /* Current program status register */__uint32_t __pad; /* Same size for 32-bit or 64-bit clients */
};
ARMv7/v6,如iPhone 4s:
_STRUCT_MCONTEXT32
{_STRUCT_ARM_EXCEPTION_STATE __es;_STRUCT_ARM_THREAD_STATE __ss;_STRUCT_ARM_VFP_STATE __fs;
};_STRUCT_ARM_THREAD_STATE
{__uint32_t __r[13]; /* General purpose register r0-r12 */__uint32_t __sp; /* Stack pointer r13 */__uint32_t __lr; /* Link register r14 */__uint32_t __pc; /* Program counter r15 */__uint32_t __cpsr; /* Current program status register */
};
通过了解以上不同平台的寄存器结构,我们可以编写出比较通用的回溯功能。
5. 算法实现
/*** 关于栈帧的布局可以参考:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_stack* http://www.cs.cornell.edu/courses/cs412/2008sp/lectures/lec20.pdf* http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2011/09/06/stack-frame-layout-on-x86-64/*/
typedef struct JDYStackFrame {const struct JDYStackFrame* const previous;const uintptr_t returnAddress;
} JDYStackFrame;//int jdy_backtraceThread(thread_t thread, uintptr_t *backtraceBuffer, int limit) {if (limit <= 0) return 0;_STRUCT_MCONTEXT mcontext;if (!jdy_fillThreadStateIntoMachineContext(thread, &mcontext)) {return 0;}int i = 0;uintptr_t pc = jdy_programCounterOfMachineContext(&mcontext);backtraceBuffer[i++] = pc;if (i == limit) return i;uintptr_t lr = jdy_linkRegisterOfMachineContext(&mcontext);if (lr != 0) {/* 由于lr保存的也是返回地址,所以在lr有效时,应该会产生重复的地址项 */backtraceBuffer[i++] = lr;if (i == limit) return i;}JDYStackFrame frame = {0};uintptr_t fp = jdy_framePointerOfMachineContext(&mcontext);if (fp == 0 || jdy_copyMemory((void *)fp, &frame, sizeof(frame)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {return i;}while (i < limit) {backtraceBuffer[i++] = frame.returnAddress;if (frame.returnAddress == 0|| frame.previous == NULL|| jdy_copyMemory((void *)frame.previous, &frame, sizeof(frame)) != KERN_SUCCESS) {break;}}return i;
}