一、基于APT源安装

sudo apt-get install nginx

1、安装好的文件位置：

/usr/sbin/nginx：主程序

/etc/nginx：存放配置文件

/usr/share/nginx：存放静态文件

/var/log/nginx：存放日志

2、从上面的根目录文件夹可以知道：

Linux系统的配置文件一般放在/etc，日志一般放在/var/log，运行的程序一般放在/usr/sbin或者/usr/bin。

当然，如果要更清楚Nginx的配置项放在什么地方，可以打开/etc/nginx/nginx.conf

Nginx如果指定默认加载/etc/nginx/nginx.conf的配置文件。如果要查看加载的是哪个配置文件，可以用这个命令

sudo nginx -t（检查语法是否正确）或者ps -ef | grep nginx

然后通过这种方式安装的，会自动创建服务，会自动在/etc/init.d/nginx新建服务脚本，然后就可以使用

sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}

的命令执行相关操作。

二、通过源码包编译安装

这种方式可以自定安装指定的模块以及最新的版本。方式更灵活。

官方下载页面：http://nginx.org/en/download.html

configure配置文件详解：http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html

1、安装gcc g++的依赖库

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install libtool

2、安装pcre依赖库（http://www.pcre.org/）

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev

3、安装zlib依赖库（http://www.zlib.net）

sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev

4、安装SSL依赖库（16.04默认已经安装了）

sudo apt-get install openssl

5、安装Nginx

#下载最新版本：
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#解压：
tar -zxvf nginx-1.13.6.tar.gz
#进入解压目录：
cd nginx-1.13.6
#配置：
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx 
#编译：
make
#安装：
sudo make install
#启动：
sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
注意：-c 指定配置文件的路径，不加的话，nginx会自动加载默认路径的配置文件，可以通过-h查看帮助命令。
#查看进程：
ps -ef | grep nginx

6、配置软链接

sudo ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

现在就可以不用路径直接输入nginx启动。

三、配置开机启动服务

在/etc/init.d/下创建nginx文件，sudo vim /etc/init.d/nginx，内容如下：

#!/bin/sh### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:      nginx
# Required-Start:    $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Required-Stop:     $local_fs $remote_fs $network $syslog $named
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: starts the nginx web server
# Description:       starts nginx using start-stop-daemon
### END INIT INFOPATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
DAEMON=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
NAME=nginx
DESC=nginx# Include nginx defaults if available
if [ -r /etc/default/nginx ]; then. /etc/default/nginx
fiSTOP_SCHEDULE="${STOP_SCHEDULE:-QUIT/5/TERM/5/KILL/5}"test -x $DAEMON || exit 0. /lib/init/vars.sh
. /lib/lsb/init-functions# Try to extract nginx pidfile
PID=$(cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf | grep -Ev '^\s*#' | awk 'BEGIN { RS="[;{}]" } { if ($1 == "pid") print $2 }' | head -n1)
if [ -z "$PID" ]; thenPID=/run/nginx.pid
fiif [ -n "$ULIMIT" ]; then# Set ulimit if it is set in /etc/default/nginxulimit $ULIMIT
fistart_nginx() {# Start the daemon/service## Returns:#   0 if daemon has been started#   1 if daemon was already running#   2 if daemon could not be startedstart-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \|| return 1start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PID --exec $DAEMON -- \$DAEMON_OPTS 2>/dev/null \|| return 2
}test_config() {# Test the nginx configuration$DAEMON -t $DAEMON_OPTS >/dev/null 2>&1
}stop_nginx() {# Stops the daemon/service## Return#   0 if daemon has been stopped#   1 if daemon was already stopped#   2 if daemon could not be stopped#   other if a failure occurredstart-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=$STOP_SCHEDULE --pidfile $PID --name $NAMERETVAL="$?"sleep 1return "$RETVAL"
}reload_nginx() {# Function that sends a SIGHUP to the daemon/servicestart-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAMEreturn 0
}rotate_logs() {# Rotate log filesstart-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR1 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAMEreturn 0
}upgrade_nginx() {# Online upgrade nginx executable# http://nginx.org/en/docs/control.html## Return#   0 if nginx has been successfully upgraded#   1 if nginx is not running#   2 if the pid files were not created on time#   3 if the old master could not be killedif start-stop-daemon --stop --signal USR2 --quiet --pidfile $PID --name $NAME; then# Wait for both old and new master to write their pid filewhile [ ! -s "${PID}.oldbin" ] || [ ! -s "${PID}" ]; docnt=`expr $cnt + 1`if [ $cnt -gt 10 ]; thenreturn 2fisleep 1done# Everything is ready, gracefully stop the old masterif start-stop-daemon --stop --signal QUIT --quiet --pidfile "${PID}.oldbin" --name $NAME; thenreturn 0elsereturn 3fielsereturn 1fi
}case "$1" instart)log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"start_nginxcase "$?" in0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;esac;;stop)log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"stop_nginxcase "$?" in0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;2)   log_end_msg 1 ;;esac;;restart)log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" "$NAME"# Check configuration before stopping nginxif ! test_config; thenlog_end_msg 1 # Configuration errorexit $?fistop_nginxcase "$?" in0|1)start_nginxcase "$?" in0) log_end_msg 0 ;;1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to startesac;;*)# Failed to stoplog_end_msg 1;;esac;;reload|force-reload)log_daemon_msg "Reloading $DESC configuration" "$NAME"# Check configuration before stopping nginx## This is not entirely correct since the on-disk nginx binary# may differ from the in-memory one, but that's not common.# We prefer to check the configuration and return an error# to the administrator.if ! test_config; thenlog_end_msg 1 # Configuration errorexit $?fireload_nginxlog_end_msg $?;;configtest|testconfig)log_daemon_msg "Testing $DESC configuration"test_configlog_end_msg $?;;status)status_of_proc -p $PID "$DAEMON" "$NAME" && exit 0 || exit $?;;upgrade)log_daemon_msg "Upgrading binary" "$NAME"upgrade_nginxlog_end_msg $?;;rotate)log_daemon_msg "Re-opening $DESC log files" "$NAME"rotate_logslog_end_msg $?;;*)echo "Usage: $NAME {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}" >&2exit 3;;
esac

#设置服务脚本有执行权限
sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
#注册服务
cd /etc/init.d/
sudo update-rc.d nginx defaults

现在基本上就可以开机启动了，

四、常用命令

sudo service nginx {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status|configtest|rotate|upgrade}

五、需要注意问题：

`1、nginx配置`

nginx.conf中，设置以下几个参数，增加超时时间

fastcgi_connect_timeoutfastcgi连接超时时间，默认60秒fastcgi_send_timeoutnginx 进程向 fastcgi 进程发送请求过程的超时时间，默认值60秒fastcgi_read_timeoutfastcgi 进程向 nginx 进程发送输出过程的超时时间，默认值60秒