一、定义

1. qwen-moe 代码讲解， 代码qwen-moe与Mixtral-moe 一样， 专家模块
2. qwen-moe 开源教程
3. Mixture of Experts (MoE) 模型在Transformer结构中如何实现，Gate的实现一般采用什么函数？ Sparse MoE的优势有哪些？MoE是如何提高模型容量而不显著增加计算负
   担的？

二、实现

1. qwen-moe 代码讲解
   参考：https://blog.csdn.net/v_JULY_v/article/details/135176583?utm_medium=distribute.pc_relevant.none-task-blog-2_defaultbaidujs_baidulandingword~default-0-135176583-blog-135046508.235^v43pc_blog_bottom_relevance_base4&spm=1001.2101.3001.4242.1&utm_relevant_index=3

import torch
from torch import nn
from torch.nn import functional as F
from transformers.activations import ACT2FNclass Qwen2MoeMLP(nn.Module):def __init__(self, config, intermediate_size=None):super().__init__()self.config = configself.hidden_size = config.hidden_sizeself.intermediate_size = intermediate_sizeself.gate_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.intermediate_size, bias=False)self.up_proj = nn.Linear(self.hidden_size, self.intermediate_size, bias=False)self.down_proj = nn.Linear(self.intermediate_size, self.hidden_size, bias=False)#self.act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]def forward(self, x):return self.down_proj(self.gate_proj(x) * self.up_proj(x))class Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(nn.Module):def __init__(self, config):super().__init__()self.num_experts = config.num_expertsself.top_k = config.num_experts_per_tokself.norm_topk_prob = config.norm_topk_prob# gatingself.gate = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_experts, bias=False)self.experts = nn.ModuleList([Qwen2MoeMLP(config, intermediate_size=config.moe_intermediate_size) for _ in range(self.num_experts)])self.shared_expert = Qwen2MoeMLP(config, intermediate_size=config.shared_expert_intermediate_size)self.shared_expert_gate = torch.nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, 1, bias=False)def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:""" """batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_dim = hidden_states.shapehidden_states = hidden_states.view(-1, hidden_dim)# router_logits: (batch * sequence_length, n_experts)router_logits = self.gate(hidden_states)routing_weights = F.softmax(router_logits, dim=1, dtype=torch.float)#选取每个token 对应的前k 个专家routing_weights, selected_experts = torch.topk(routing_weights, self.top_k, dim=-1)if self.norm_topk_prob:routing_weights /= routing_weights.sum(dim=-1, keepdim=True)   #权重归一化  确保每个token的专家权重之和为1# we cast back to the input dtyperouting_weights = routing_weights.to(hidden_states.dtype)#全为0的张量final_hidden_states = torch.zeros((batch_size * sequence_length, hidden_dim), dtype=hidden_states.dtype, device=hidden_states.device)# One hot encode the selected experts to create an expert mask# this will be used to easily index which expert is going to be sollicitatedexpert_mask = torch.nn.functional.one_hot(selected_experts, num_classes=self.num_experts).permute(2, 1, 0)  #稀疏矩阵# Loop over all available experts in the model and perform the computation on each expertfor expert_idx in range(self.num_experts):expert_layer = self.experts[expert_idx]                   # 第idx 专家对应的函数idx, top_x = torch.where(expert_mask[expert_idx])         #idx 专家，关注的token， top_x 对应第x 个tokenprint(expert_idx,top_x.cpu().tolist() )   #专家，处理的token# Index the correct hidden states and compute the expert hidden state for# the current expert. We need to make sure to multiply the output hidden# states by `routing_weights` on the corresponding tokens (top-1 and top-2)   专家输入信息：current_state = hidden_states[None, top_x].reshape(-1, hidden_dim)             #取出对应的token信息current_hidden_states = expert_layer(current_state) * routing_weights[top_x, idx, None]       #专家输出# However `index_add_` only support torch tensors for indexing so we'll use# the `top_x` tensor here. 使用.index_add_函数后在指定位置(top_x)加上了指定值(current_hidden_states)final_hidden_states.index_add_(0, top_x, current_hidden_states.to(hidden_states.dtype))shared_expert_output = self.shared_expert(hidden_states)shared_expert_output = F.sigmoid(self.shared_expert_gate(hidden_states)) * shared_expert_outputfinal_hidden_states = final_hidden_states + shared_expert_outputfinal_hidden_states = final_hidden_states.reshape(batch_size, sequence_length, hidden_dim)return final_hidden_states, router_logits# 假设的配置
class Config:def __init__(self):self.num_experts = 8self.num_experts_per_tok = 2self.norm_topk_prob = Trueself.hidden_size = 2self.moe_intermediate_size = 209self.shared_expert_intermediate_size = 20# 检查是否有可用的GPUdevice = torch.device("cpu")# 创建模型实例
config = Config()
model = Qwen2MoeSparseMoeBlock(config).to(device)input_tensor = torch.randn(1,3,2).to(device)# 前向传播
output = model(input_tensor)
print(output)

注意：1. 常规思路： 每个token 选择2 个专家， 然后每个token 传入2个专家中，进行处理。----->为了加快推理速度----->关注视角由token 转为专家。
便把关注视角从“各个token”变成了“各个专家”，当然，大部分情况下 token数远远不止下图这5个，而是比专家数多很多。总之，这么一转换，最终可以省掉很多循环。
遍历每个专家，对token 对应的信息整体输入专家模块。

# 【代码块A】routing_weights
# 每行对应1个token，第0列为其对应排位第1的expert、第1列为其对应排位第2的expert，元素值为相应权重
[[0.5310, 0.4690],[0.5087, 0.4913],[0.5014, 0.4986],[0.5239, 0.4761],[0.5817, 0.4183],[0.5126, 0.4874]]

# 【代码块B】expert_mask[expert_idx]
# 下述两行例子的物理含义为：
# 第一行是“该expert作为排位1的exert存在时，需要处理第9个token；
# 第二行是“该expert作为排位2的expert存在时，需要处理第10、11个token”
[[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]]

# 【代码块C】idx, top_x = torch.where(expert_mask[expert_idx])
# 以上述expert_mask[expert_idx]样例为例，对应的torch.where(expert_mask[expert_idx])结果如下
idx: [0, 1, 1]
top_x: [9, 10, 11]
idx对应行索引，top_x对应列索引，例如张量expert_mask[expert_idx]中，出现元素1的索引为(0, 9)、(1, 10)、(1, 11)
从物理含义来理解，top_x实际上就对应着“关乎当前expert的token索引”，第9、第10、第11个token被“路由”导向了当前所关注的expert，通过top_x可以取到“需要传入该expert的输入”，也即第9、第10、第11个token对应的隐向量因此top_x将作为索引用于从全部token的隐向量hidden_states中取出对应token的隐向量
而idx和top_x也会组合起来被用于从expert权重张量routing_weights中取出对应的权重

current_state = hidden_states[None, top_x].reshape(-1, hidden_dim)             #取出top_x的token信息
current_hidden_states = expert_layer(current_state) * routing_weights[top_x, idx, None]       #专家输出# However `index_add_` only support torch tensors for indexing so we'll use
# the `top_x` tensor here. 使用.index_add_函数后在指定位置(top_x)加上了指定值(current_hidden_states)
final_hidden_states.index_add_(0, top_x, current_hidden_states.to(hidden_states.dtype))

2. 开源教程
   https://developer.aliyun.com/article/1471903?spm=a2c6h.28954702.blog-index-detail.67.536b4c2d9ZzdBw

3. Mixture of Experts (MoE) 模型在Transformer结构中如何实现，Gate的实现一般采用什么函数？ Sparse MoE的优势有哪些？MoE是如何提高模型容量而不显著增加计算负担的？

self.gate = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_experts, bias=False)