项目实战
1.创建项目(sms)
File->New Project->Django
稍等片刻，项目的目录结构如下图
项目创建后确认是否已安装Django和mysqlclient解释器，如何确认？file->Settings
如果没有请在Terminal终端输入以下命令完成安装
pip install django
pip install mysqlclient领资料、源码，戳一戳
领资料、源码，戳一戳
如果在执行pip install 报错Read time out请设置延长下超时时间，默认15s,网络不好情况下很易超时
pip --default-timeout=180 install -U django
pip --default-timeout=180 install -U mysqlclient参数-U是–upgrade简写，把安装的包升级到最新版本
2.创建应用(sims)
打开Pycharm的Terminal终端，输入以下命令创建sims应用
python manage.py startapp sims应用创建后要在项目的settings.py文件里的INSTALLED_APPS下面添加smis完成应用注册
3.Django配置MySQL
在本地MySQL创建sms数据库，修改项目的settings连接信息由默认的sqlite修改为MySQL
DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME': 'sms','USER': 'root','PASSWORD': '123456','HOST': '127.0.0.1','PORT': 3306}
}测试连接，依次点击Pycharm右上角的Database->±>Data Source->MySQL
下载连接驱动和配置数据库连接信息
点击Test Connection测试连接，连接通过点击OK出现如下的结构信息表示连接本地MySQL成功
4.数据模型创建(M)
在应用sims下models.py添加Student模型
class Student(models.Model):student_no = models.CharField(max_length=32, unique=True)student_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)5.数据模型迁移
Terminal终端输入以下两条命令，其作用第一条生成文件记录模型的变化；第二条是将模型变化同步至数据库，我们可以在数据库生成对应的表结构。
python manage.py makemigrations simspython manage.py migrate sims生成数据表结构如下所示
领资料、源码，戳一戳
6.路由配置
本质可以理解请求路径url和处理方法的映射配置，首先在项目sms的urls.py文件中添加sims的路由配置
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from django.conf.urls import url, includeurlpatterns = [path('admin/', admin.site.urls),url(r'^sims/', include('sims.urls'))
]然后在sims添加一个名为urls.py的文件，添加路由配置如下
# coding=utf-8
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import viewsurlpatterns = [url(r'^$', views.index),url(r'^add/$', views.add),url(r'^edit/$', views.edit),url(r'^delete/$', views.delete)
]7.处理函数(V)
在应用sims的视图层文件views.py添加对应学生信息增删改查的处理函数,这里我使用的原生SQL，便于深入理解其执行过程。后面有时间我会在github上添加Django框架提供的操作数据库方式。
import MySQLdb
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect# Create your views here.
# 学生信息列表处理函数
def index(request):conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM sims_student")students = cursor.fetchall()return render(request, 'student/index.html', {'students': students})# 学生信息新增处理函数
def add(request):if request.method == 'GET':return render(request, 'student/add.html')else:student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:cursor.execute("INSERT INTO sims_student (student_no,student_name) ""values (%s,%s)", [student_no, student_name])conn.commit()return redirect('../')# 学生信息修改处理函数
def edit(request):if request.method == 'GET':id = request.GET.get("id")conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:cursor.execute("SELECT id,student_no,student_name FROM sims_student where id =%s", [id])student = cursor.fetchone()return render(request, 'student/edit.html', {'student': student})else:id = request.POST.get("id")student_no = request.POST.get('student_no', '')student_name = request.POST.get('student_name', '')conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:cursor.execute("UPDATE sims_student set student_no=%s,student_name=%s where id =%s",[student_no, student_name, id])conn.commit()return redirect('../')# 学生信息删除处理函数
def delete(request):id = request.GET.get("id")conn = MySQLdb.connect(host="localhost", user="root", passwd="123456", db="sms", charset='utf8')with conn.cursor(cursorclass=MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor) as cursor:cursor.execute("DELETE FROM sims_student WHERE id =%s", [id])conn.commit()return redirect('../')8.模板页面(T)
- 学生信息列表页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>学生列表</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1px" width="100%" style="border-collapse: collapse;"><a href="../sims/add">添加学生</a><tr><th>编号</th><th>姓名</th><th>学号</th><th>操作</th></tr>{% for student in students %}<tr><td align="center">{{ forloop.counter }} </td><td align="center">{{ student.student_name }} </td><td align="center">{{ student.student_no }} </td><td align="center"><a href="../sims/edit/?id={{ student.id }}">编辑</a><a href="../sims/delete/?id={{ student.id }}">删除</a></td></tr>{% endfor %}
</table>
</body>
</html>- 学生信息新增页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>学生添加</title><style>form {margin: 20px auto;width: 500px;border: 1px solid #ccc;padding: 20px}</style>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="../add/">{% csrf_token %}<table><tr><th>姓名</th><td><input name="student_name"></td></tr><tr><th>学号</th><td><input name="student_no"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><input type="submit"/></td></tr></table>
</form>
</body>
</html>- 学生信息编辑页
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>学生编辑</title><style>form {margin: 20px auto;width: 500px;border: 1px solid #ccc;padding: 20px}</style>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="../edit/">{% csrf_token %}<input type="hidden" name="id" value="{{ student.id }}"/><table><tr><th>姓名</th><td><input name="student_name" value="{{ student.student_name }}"></td></tr><tr><th>学号</th><td><input name="student_no" value="{{ student.student_no }}"/></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><input type="submit"/></td></tr></table>
</form>
</body>
</html>9.启动web服务测试
Terminal终端输入以下命令启动web服务
python manage.py runserver
