数据表：nobel

yr	subject	winner
1960	Chemistry	Willard F. Libby
1960	Literature	Saint-John Perse
1960	Medicine	Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet
1960	Medicine	Peter Madawar
...

Q1 Winners from 1950

Change the query shown so that it displays Nobel prizes for 1950.

SELECT yr, subject, winner FROM nobel 
WHERE yr = 1950

Q2 1962 Literature

Show who won the 1962 prize for literature.

SELECT winner FROM nobel 
WHERE yr = 1962 
AND subject = 'literature'

Q3 Albert Einstein

Show the year and subject that won 'Albert Einstein' his prize.

SELECT yr,subject FROM nobel 
WHERE winner='Albert Einstein'

Q4 Recent Peace Prizes

Give the name of the 'peace' winners since the year 2000, including 2000.

SELECT winner FROM nobel 
WHERE subject='peace' 
AND yr>=2000

Q5 Literature in the 1980's

Show all details (yr, subject, winner) of the literature prize winners for 1980 to 1989 inclusive.

SELECT yr, subject, winner FROM nobel 
WHERE subject='literature' 
AND yr BETWEEN 1980 AND 1989

Q6 Only Presidents

Show all details of the presidential winners:

• Theodore Roosevelt
• Thomas Woodrow Wilson
• Jimmy Carter
• Barack Obama

SELECT * FROM nobelWHERE winner IN ('Theodore Roosevelt','Thomas Woodrow Wilson','Jimmy Carter','Barack Obama')

Q7 John

Show the winners with first name John

SELECT winner FROM nobel 
WHERE winner LIKE 'John%'

Q8 Chemistry and Physics from different years

Show the year, subject, and name of physics winners for 1980 together with the chemistry winners for 1984.

SELECT yr,subject,winner FROM nobel 
WHERE (subject='physics' AND yr=1980) 
OR (subject='chemistry' AND yr=1984)

Q9 Exclude Chemists and Medics

Show the year, subject, and name of winners for 1980 excluding chemistry and medicine

SELECT yr,subject,winner FROM nobel 
WHERE yr=1980 
AND subject NOT IN ('chemistry','medicine')

NOT IN 和 NOT EXIST

NOT IN：用于从一个查询中排除满足特定条件的行

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (value1, value2, ...);

NOT EXISTS：用于从一个查询中排除满足特定条件的行

SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name1
WHERE NOT EXISTS (SELECT column_name FROM table_name2 WHERE condition);
 

NOT IN 对于较小的表和少量值的情况是一个简单且高效的方法

NOT EXISTS语句使用子查询来执行条件筛选，避免了构建大型临时列表的开销，在处理大型表和大量值的情况下更加高效；NOT EXISTS 子查询可以包含多个条件，并可以与主查询进行关联

Q10 Early Medicine, Late Literature

Show year, subject, and name of people who won a 'Medicine' prize in an early year (before 1910, not including 1910) together with winners of a 'Literature' prize in a later year (after 2004, including 2004)

SELECT yr,subject,winner FROM nobel 
WHERE (subject='Medicine' AND yr<1910) 
OR (subject='Literature' AND yr>=2004)

Q11 Umlaut

Find all details of the prize won by PETER GRÜNBERG

The u in his name has an umlaut. You may find this link useful https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C#Keyboarding

SELECT * FROM nobel 
WHERE winner='PETER GRÜNBERG'

Q12 Apostrophe

Find all details of the prize won by EUGENE O'NEILL

SELECT * FROM nobel WHERE winner="EUGENE O'NEILL"

SELECT * FROM nobel WHERE winner='EUGENE O\'NEILL'

Q13 Knights of the realm

List the winners, year and subject where the winner starts with Sir. Show the the most recent first, then by name order.

SELECT winner,yr,subject FROM nobel 
WHERE  winner LIKE 'Sir%' 
ORDER BY yr DESC,winner

ORDER BY

DESC：降序       |       ASC：升序

Q14 Chemistry and Physics last

Show the 1984 winners and subject ordered by subject and winner name; but list chemistry and physics last.

SELECT winner, subject FROM nobel 
WHERE yr=1984 
ORDER BY 
subject IN ('physics','chemistry'),subject,winner

subject IN ('chemistry','physics') can be used as a value - it will be 0 or 1

满足条件的为1，不满足条件的为0，优先按0-1排序使 chemistry physics 排在最后