【Qt学习笔记】（三）--编写上位机软件（ui设置、样式表serialport串口接收数据、Qchart显示波形）

声明：本人水平有限，博客可能存在部分错误的地方，请广大读者谅解并向本人反馈错误。
这段时间大部分都是在学Qt，前面想着跟着书一章章的学，但是发现这个效率极低，所以就改变了学习的方法，那就是：根据我需要的功能，直接用Qt去做，一边做一边学，于是这篇博客就这样写出来了…

往期回顾：

【Qt学习笔记】（一）–Qt creator软件学习
【Qt学习笔记】（二）–第一个程序“Hello World”（学习Qt中程序的运行、发布、编译过程）

一、需求描述

首先给大家上个目前的效果图（后面还会继续针对这个上位机继续该专栏博客）：
在这里插入图片描述

1.1 基础功能

① 串口接收数据（使用简单的通信协议）；
② 保存数据至excel表格；
③ 实时显示传感器以及解算的姿态角度；
④ 实时显示数据波形图（可以选择要显示的数据）；
⑤ 实时对传感器数据进行校准并可以利用3D图形显示出来；
⑥ 可以使用Allan方差（或者动态Allan方法）对加速度计或陀螺仪进行误差分析；
⑦ 可以使用某些算法（自适应扩展卡尔曼滤波、互补滤波、互相关检测等）对传感器的数据进行处理并进行姿态结算；
目前已经实现的功能为①、③、④，其他功能会在后面逐步实现。
下面会直接通过代码的分析对已经实现的功能进行分析。

二、Ui文件的设置

2.1 自适应显示器分辨率

之前在做的时候，一直想着可以让窗口自适应显示器的分辨率，但是总是做不出来，最后通过这几天的摸索，终于知道如何去做了，下面整理一下方法：
首先，一定要利用好水平布局和垂直布局，当然还有格子布局，不过我个人还是比较习惯常用水平和垂直布局，那么接下来一起看看上面上位机的布局如何：
首先是centerwidget设置为垂直布局，它包含下面两个部分：
在这里插入图片描述
然后再把①部分继续细分布局下去，它里面是一个垂直布局，在垂直布局里放置三个Group Box：

然后呢，继续细分，把①和③再细说一下，②就是放一个垂直布局，再在垂直布局里放四个按钮即可。
好了，说回①：它是一个垂直布局，在垂直布局里按顺序放置一个水平布局（串口号+Comb Box）+按钮（搜索串口）+水平布局（波特率、停止位等）+按钮（打开串口）：
在这里插入图片描述
再回到前面的③，它其实是一个水平布局，在水平布局里面放置两个垂直布局，再在每个垂直布局各放置12个label:

这些看似麻烦，其实熟练了感觉就像剥洋葱一样，一层层的剥开就会发现这很简单…
其实最重要的还是MainWindow的设置：
在这里插入图片描述
同时还要右键MainWindow，选择“布局”中的一个布局方式，我个人常用水平或者垂直（两个都一样，因为它里面只有一个组件）：

2.2 添加Chart

这个其实就是Graphic View,把它拖进去之后，右键它，选择“提升为”QChartview:
在这里插入图片描述
下面是代码部分：首先在.pro文件添加下面一行代码：

QT += charts

// 下面三个新建的class要放在.h文件的public部分QChart *chart = new QChart();QValueAxis *axisX = new QValueAxis;QValueAxis *axisY = new QValueAxis;//创建图表的各个部件chart->setTitle("数据波形显示");// MainWindow::uiui->serialCurveChart->setChart(chart);ui->serialCurveChart->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);QLineSeries *series0 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series1 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series2 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series3 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series4 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series5 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series6 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series7 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series8 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series9 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series10 = new QLineSeries ();QLineSeries *series11 = new QLineSeries ();series0->setName("加速度计X轴");series1->setName("加速度计Y轴");series2->setName("加速度计Z轴");series3->setName("陀螺仪X轴");series4->setName("陀螺仪Y轴");series5->setName("陀螺仪Z轴");series6->setName("磁力计X轴");series7->setName("磁力计Y轴");series8->setName("磁力计Z轴");series9->setName("井斜角");series10->setName("工具面角");series11->setName("磁力计方位角");curSeries = series0;QPen pen;// 加速度计pen.setStyle (Qt:: SolidLine);pen.setWidth (2);pen.setColor (PaleTurquoise1);series0->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt::SolidLine);pen.setColor(DarkSeaGreen2);series1->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt:: SolidLine);pen.setWidth (2);pen.setColor (SpringGreen1);series2->setPen (pen);// 陀螺仪pen.setStyle(Qt::DashLine);pen.setColor(MediumBlue);series3->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt:: DashLine);pen.setWidth (2);pen.setColor (PaleGreen);series4->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt::DashLine);pen.setColor(IndianRed1);series5->setPen (pen);// 磁力计pen.setStyle (Qt:: DashDotDotLine);pen.setWidth (2);pen.setColor (DeepPink);series6->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt::DashDotDotLine);pen.setColor(HotPink1);series7->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt::DashDotDotLine);pen.setColor(Violet);series8->setPen (pen);// 姿态角pen.setStyle (Qt::DotLine);pen.setWidth (2);pen.setColor (DodgerBlue1);series9->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt::DotLine);pen.setColor(SkyBlue1);series10->setPen (pen);pen.setStyle (Qt::DotLine);pen.setColor(LemonChiffon3);series11->setPen(pen);// 设置背景chart->setTheme(QChart::ChartThemeDark);chart->addSeries(series0);chart->addSeries(series1);chart->addSeries(series2);chart->addSeries(series3);chart->addSeries(series4);chart->addSeries(series5);chart->addSeries(series6);chart->addSeries(series7);chart->addSeries(series8);chart->addSeries(series9);chart->addSeries(series10);chart->addSeries(series11);curAxis = axisX;axisX->setRange (0, maxNumber);axisX->setLabelFormat("%d");axisX->setTickCount (11);axisX->setMinorTickCount(4);axisX->setTitleText("采样点");axisY->setRange(axisY_Min-100, axisY_Max+100);  //设置Y轴最大最小值axisY->setLabelFormat("%.2f");axisY->setTitleText("value");axisY->setTickCount (5);axisY->setMinorTickCount (4);chart->addAxis(axisX, Qt::AlignBottom);chart->addAxis(axisY, Qt::AlignLeft);chart->setAxisX(axisX, series0); // x****chart->setAxisX(axisX, series1); //WWxchart->setAxisX(axisX, series2); // x****chart->setAxisX(axisX, series3); //WWxchart->setAxisX(axisX, series4); // x****chart->setAxisX(axisX, series5); //WWxchart->setAxisX(axisX, series6); // x****chart->setAxisX(axisX, series7); //WWxchart->setAxisX(axisX, series8); // x****chart->setAxisX(axisX, series9); //WWxchart->setAxisX(axisX, series10); // x****chart->setAxisX(axisX, series11); //WWxchart->setAxisY(axisY, series0); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series1); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series2); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series3); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series4); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series5); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series6); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series7); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series8); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series9); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series10); //WYchart->setAxisY(axisY, series11); //WY

2.3 样式表

原始的控件是很丑的，所以想要界面好看，那就得自己做一个（或者找一个样式表），下面是我目前在用的样式表：

/*
Dark Console Style Sheet for QT Applications
Author: Jaime A. Quiroga P.
Company: GTRONICK
Last updated: 24/05/2018, 17:12.
Available at: https://github.com/GTRONICK/QSS/blob/master/ConsoleStyle.qss
*/
QWidget {background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(240, 240, 240);border-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);
}QPlainTextEdit {background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(200, 200, 200);selection-background-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);selection-color: rgb(0, 0, 0);
}QTabWidget::pane {border-top: 1px solid #000000;
}QTabBar::tab {background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);border-style: outset;border-width: 1px;border-right-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.4, y1:0.5, x2:0.6, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-left-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.6, y1:0.5, x2:0.4, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-top-width: 0px;border-style: solid;color: rgb(255, 153, 0);padding: 4px;
}QTabBar::tab:selected, QTabBar::tab:hover {color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);border-color:rgb(42, 42, 42);margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;
}QTabBar::tab:last:selected {background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);border-color:rgb(42, 42, 42);margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;
}QTabBar::tab:!selected {margin-bottom: 4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;
}QPushButton{border-style: outset;border-width: 2px;border-top-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:0.6, x2:0.5, y2:0.4, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-right-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.4, y1:0.5, x2:0.6, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-left-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.6, y1:0.5, x2:0.4, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-style: solid;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:1, x2:0.5, y2:0, stop:0 rgba(77, 77, 77, 255), stop:1 rgba(97, 97, 97, 255));
}QPushButton:hover{border-style: outset;border-width: 2px;border-top-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:0.6, x2:0.5, y2:0.4, stop:0 rgba(180, 180, 180, 255), stop:1 rgba(110, 110, 110, 255));border-right-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.4, y1:0.5, x2:0.6, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(180, 180, 180, 255), stop:1 rgba(110, 110, 110, 255));border-left-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.6, y1:0.5, x2:0.4, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(180, 180, 180, 255), stop:1 rgba(110, 110, 110, 255));border-bottom-color: rgb(115, 115, 115);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-style: solid;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:1, x2:0.5, y2:0, stop:0 rgba(107, 107, 107, 255), stop:1 rgba(157, 157, 157, 255));
}QPushButton:pressed{border-style: outset;border-width: 2px;border-top-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:0.6, x2:0.5, y2:0.4, stop:0 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255), stop:1 rgba(22, 22, 22, 255));border-right-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.4, y1:0.5, x2:0.6, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-left-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.6, y1:0.5, x2:0.4, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-style: solid;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);padding: 6px;background-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:1, x2:0.5, y2:0, stop:0 rgba(77, 77, 77, 255), stop:1 rgba(97, 97, 97, 255));
}QPushButton:disabled{border-style: outset;border-width: 2px;border-top-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:0.6, x2:0.5, y2:0.4, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-right-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.4, y1:0.5, x2:0.6, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-left-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.6, y1:0.5, x2:0.4, y2:0.5, stop:0 rgba(115, 115, 115, 255), stop:1 rgba(62, 62, 62, 255));border-bottom-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-bottom-width: 1px;border-style: solid;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);padding: 6px;background-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:1, x2:0.5, y2:0, stop:0 rgba(57, 57, 57, 255), stop:1 rgba(77, 77, 77, 255));
}QLineEdit {border-width: 1px; border-radius: 4px;border-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-style: inset;padding: 0 8px;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);background:rgb(101, 101, 101);selection-background-color: rgb(187, 187, 187);selection-color: rgb(60, 63, 65);
}QProgressBar {text-align: center;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 1px; border-radius: 10px;border-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-style: inset;
}QProgressBar::chunk {background-color: qlineargradient(spread:pad, x1:0.5, y1:0.7, x2:0.5, y2:0.3, stop:0 rgba(0, 200, 0, 255), stop:1 rgba(30, 230, 30, 255));border-radius: 10px;
}QMenuBar {background:rgb(0, 0, 0);color: rgb(255, 153, 0);
}QMenuBar::item {spacing: 3px; padding: 1px 4px;background: transparent;
}QMenuBar::item:selected { background:rgb(115, 115, 115);
}QMenu {border-width: 2px; border-radius: 10px;border-color: rgb(255, 153, 0);border-style: outset;
}QMenu::item {spacing: 3px; padding: 3px 15px;
}QMenu::item:selected {spacing: 3px; padding: 3px 15px;background:rgb(115, 115, 115);color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-width: 1px; border-radius: 10px;border-color: rgb(58, 58, 58);border-style: inset;
}

三、串口接收数据

这部分咱就直接上代码了，目前很多博主大部分都在用，我的呢还是有点小bug的，不过是可以用的。
首先一定要修改.pro文件，而且要在所需的类里包含serialport的头文件：

QT += serialport

QString lastPort="",newPort="";MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent): QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{ui->setupUi(this);m_serialPort = new QSerialPort;QStringList baudrateList,stopList,parityList,dataBitList;baudrateList<<"1200"<<"2400"<<"4800"<<"9600"<<"19200"<<"38400"<<"57600"<<"115200";ui->baud->addItems(baudrateList);stopList<<"1"<<"2";ui->stopBit->addItems(stopList);parityList<<"NoParity"<<"EvenParity"<<"OddParity"<<"SpaceParity"<<"MarkParity";ui->parityBit->addItems(parityList);dataBitList<<"5"<<"6"<<"7"<<"8";ui->dataBit->addItems(dataBitList);// 修改功能区标题：ui->functionSelect->setTabText(0,"数据波形显示");ui->functionSelect->setTabText(1,"传感器校准");ui->functionSelect->setTabText(2,"Allan方差分析");ui->functionSelect->setTabText(3,"姿态结算");// 获取串口号按钮与box连接connect(ui->searchPort,&QPushButton::clicked,this,&MainWindow::getPortNameList);connect(m_serialPort,&QSerialPort::readyRead,[=](){recvData();//读取数据的函数});// 设置默认参数ui->baud->setCurrentText("115200");ui->stopBit->setCurrentText("1");ui->dataBit->setCurrentText("8");ui->parityBit->setCurrentText("NoParity");// 创建图形createChart();}
MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{delete ui;
}void MainWindow::getPortNameList()
{foreach (const QSerialPortInfo &info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) {newPort = info.portName();// newPort和lastPort均为全局变量，保证一个串口只打开一次if(newPort != lastPort){if(newPort==""){ui->searchPort->setText("无串口!");}else ui->serialPort->addItem(newPort);// ui->recieveData->appendPlainText("串口号:"+newPort);}lastPort = newPort;  // 上一次搜索到的串口号}if(newPort!=""){ui->searchPort->setText("获取串口号:"+ui->serialPort->currentText()+"成功!");}
}void MainWindow::on_openPort_clicked()
{if(ui->openPort->text()=="打开串口"){  // 如果此时还未打开串口ui->openPort->setText("正在打开串口...");m_serialPort->setPortName(ui->serialPort->currentText());// 选择当前串口的名称if(!m_serialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite)){  // 打开串口失败ui->openPort->setText("串口打开失败!");return;}// 根据当前选择设置串口功能// 设置波特率switch (ui->baud->currentText().toInt()) {case 1200: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud1200,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 2400: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud2400,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 4800: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud4800,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 9600: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud9600,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 19200: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud19200,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 38400: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud38400,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 57600: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud57600,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;case 115200: m_serialPort->setBaudRate(QSerialPort::Baud115200,QSerialPort::AllDirections);break;default:break;}// 设置校验位switch (ui->parityBit->currentIndex()) {case 0: m_serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);  break;case 1: m_serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);  break;case 2: m_serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);  break;case 3: m_serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::SpaceParity);  break;case 4: m_serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::MarkParity);  break;default:break;}// 设置停止位switch (ui->stopBit->currentText().toInt()) {case 1:m_serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);break;case 2:m_serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::TwoStop);break;default:break;}//设置数据位switch(ui->dataBit->currentText().toInt()){case 5: m_serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data5);break;case 6: m_serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data6);break;case 7: m_serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data7);break;case 8: m_serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::Data8);break;default:break;}// 关闭所有box  使其不可选ui->baud->setDisabled(1);ui->searchPort->setDisabled(1);ui->baud->setDisabled(1);ui->dataBit->setDisabled(1);ui->parityBit->setDisabled(1);ui->stopBit->setDisabled(1);ui->serialPort->setDisabled(1);ui->openPort->setText("关闭串口");}else if(ui->openPort->text()=="关闭串口"||ui->openPort->text()=="串口打开失败!"){// 打开所有boxui->baud->setEnabled(1);ui->searchPort->setEnabled(1);ui->baud->setEnabled(1);ui->dataBit->setEnabled(1);ui->parityBit->setEnabled(1);ui->stopBit->setEnabled(1);ui->serialPort->setEnabled(1);ui->openPort->setText("打开串口");m_serialPort->close();// 记得关闭串口//qDebug()<<"1111";}
}char storeData[100];            // 保存数据
int16_t i = 0,displayFlag = 0;         // 数据索引
void MainWindow::recvData()
{bool ok;int16_t accAndGro_Data[100] = {0};QByteArray hexData,G2 ;if (m_serialPort->bytesAvailable()) {//串口收到的数据可能不是连续的，需要的话应该把数据缓存下来再进行协议解析，类似tcp数据处理const QByteArray  recv_data = m_serialPort->readAll();if(recv_data.startsWith("\xFF")||displayFlag){QString stringHex = recv_data.toHex().toUpper();QString textShow;// 解析数据:for(int j = 0;j<stringHex.length();j++){accAndGro_Data[j] = stringHex.mid(2*j,2).toInt(&ok,16);}// 加速度数据：accData[0] = (accAndGro_Data[2]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[3];accData[1] = (accAndGro_Data[4]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[5];accData[2] = (accAndGro_Data[6]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[7];// 陀螺仪数据:accData[3] = (accAndGro_Data[8]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[9];accData[4] = (accAndGro_Data[10]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[11];accData[5] = (accAndGro_Data[12]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[13];// 姿态参数:accData[6] = (accAndGro_Data[14]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[15]; // 井斜角accData[7] = (accAndGro_Data[16]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[17]; // 方位角accData[8] = (accAndGro_Data[18]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[19]; // 工具面角// 磁力计数据accData[9] = (accAndGro_Data[20]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[21];accData[10] = (accAndGro_Data[22]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[23];accData[11] = (accAndGro_Data[24]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[25];// 地磁方位角accData[12] = (accAndGro_Data[26]<<8) + accAndGro_Data[27];accX_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[0];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[0]);accY_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[1];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[1]);accZ_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[2];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[2]);gyroX_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[3];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[3]);gyroY_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[4];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[4]);gyroZ_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[5];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[5]);magX_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[9];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[9]);magY_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[10];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[10]);magZ_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[11];updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[11]);inclina_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[6]/100;updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[6]/100);toolface_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[8]/100;updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[8]/100);azimuth_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER] = accData[7]/100;updataAxisYMaxAndMin(accData[7]/100);ui->accX_Data->setNum(accData[0]);ui->accY_Data->setNum(accData[1]);ui->accZ_Data->setNum(accData[2]);ui->gyroX_Data->setNum(accData[3]);ui->gyroY_Data->setNum(accData[4]);ui->gyroZ_Data->setNum(accData[5]);ui->magX_Data->setNum(accData[9]);ui->magY_Data->setNum(accData[10]);ui->magZ_Data->setNum(accData[11]);ui->inclination_Data->setNum(accData[6]/100.0);ui->toolFace_Data->setNum(accData[8]/100.0);ui->azimuth_Data->setNum(accData[7]/100.0);// 更新数据serialDataDisplay();for(int i=0;i<stringHex.length();i+=2){textShow += stringHex.mid(i,2);textShow += " ";}displayFlag = 1;if(stringHex.length()>23){i=0;hexData = 0;QDateTime dateTime= QDateTime::currentDateTime();//获取系统当前的时间displayFlag =0;}}}
}

四、波形显示

4.1 串口接收数据在chart上以波形显示

话不多说，直接上代码：

void MainWindow::serialDataDisplay()
{QLineSeries *series0=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(0);QLineSeries *series1=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(1);QLineSeries *series2=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(2);QLineSeries *series3=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(3);QLineSeries *series4=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(4);QLineSeries *series5=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(5);QLineSeries *series6=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(6);QLineSeries *series7=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(7);QLineSeries *series8=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(8);QLineSeries *series9=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(9);QLineSeries *series10=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(10);QLineSeries *series11=(QLineSeries *)ui->serialCurveChart->chart()->series().at(11);if(rec_Number>=maxNumber) {maxNumber = maxNumber + 2;curAxis = axisX;                //axisX->setRange (rec_Number-200, maxNumber); //200改为宏定义}if(rec_Number>=(MAXNUMBER*(exceedFlag+1)-1))  // 数组保存的数据已经超限{// stopRefreshFlag = 1;exceedFlag += 1;rec_Number = MAXNUMBER*(exceedFlag);}else{if(dataSelect[0]) series0->append(rec_Number,accX_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[1]) series1->append(rec_Number,accY_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[2]) series2->append(rec_Number,accZ_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[3]) series3->append(rec_Number,gyroX_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[4]) series4->append(rec_Number,gyroY_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[5]) series5->append(rec_Number,gyroZ_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[6]) series6->append(rec_Number,magX_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[7]) series7->append(rec_Number,magY_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[8]) series8->append(rec_Number,magZ_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[9]) series9->append(rec_Number,inclina_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[10])series10->append(rec_Number,toolface_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);if(dataSelect[11])series11->append(rec_Number,azimuth_Data[rec_Number - exceedFlag * MAXNUMBER]);rec_Number = rec_Number + 1;}
}

代码这部分呢虽然麻烦，但是是在调试过程中，逐步解决而完成的，所以会麻烦一点。

4.2 按钮打开新对话框并选择显示的数据

在这里是新建了一个设计器界面，然后和MainWindow进行了信号与槽的连接，进而实现数据选择功能，下面是新建设计器界面的步骤（因为我已经创建了，在此就不再重新添加了）：
在这里插入图片描述

下面是我的代码：
.h文件：

#ifndef DIALOGSELECTDATA_H
#define DIALOGSELECTDATA_H#include <QDialog>extern int16_t dataSelect[20];namespace Ui {
class Dialogselectdata;
}class Dialogselectdata : public QDialog
{Q_OBJECTpublic:explicit Dialogselectdata(QWidget *parent = nullptr);~Dialogselectdata();private slots:void on_OK_clicked();public slots:void checkBoxState();private:Ui::Dialogselectdata *dialog_ui;
};#endif // DIALOGSELECTDATA_H

.c文件

#include "dialogselectdata.h"
#include "ui_dialogselectdata.h"int16_t dataSelect[20]={1,1,1,0,0,0,0}; // 选择要显示的数据Dialogselectdata::Dialogselectdata(QWidget *parent) :QDialog(parent),dialog_ui(new Ui::Dialogselectdata)
{dialog_ui->setupUi(this);
}Dialogselectdata::~Dialogselectdata()
{delete dialog_ui;
}void Dialogselectdata::on_OK_clicked()
{if(dialog_ui->accX_select->isChecked())dataSelect[0] = 1;else dataSelect[0] = 0;if(dialog_ui->accY_select->isChecked())dataSelect[1] = 1;else dataSelect[1] = 0;if(dialog_ui->accZ_select->isChecked())dataSelect[2] = 1;else dataSelect[2] = 0;if(dialog_ui->gyroX_select->isChecked())dataSelect[3] = 1;else dataSelect[3] = 0;if(dialog_ui->gyroY_select->isChecked())dataSelect[4] = 1;else dataSelect[4] = 0;if(dialog_ui->gyroZ_select->isChecked())dataSelect[5] = 1;else dataSelect[5] = 0;if(dialog_ui->magX_select->isChecked())dataSelect[6] = 1;else dataSelect[6] = 0;if(dialog_ui->magY_select->isChecked())dataSelect[7] = 1;else dataSelect[7] = 0;if(dialog_ui->magZ_select->isChecked())dataSelect[8] = 1;else dataSelect[8] = 0;if(dialog_ui->inclination_select->isChecked())dataSelect[9] = 1;else dataSelect[9] = 0;if(dialog_ui->toolface_select->isChecked())dataSelect[10] = 1;else dataSelect[10] = 0;if(dialog_ui->azimuth_select->isChecked())dataSelect[11] = 1;else dataSelect[11] = 0;
}