JDBC和连接池
大纲
- JDBC
- 连接数据库的方式
- JDBCUtils
- 事务
具体案例
JDBC
需求:满足Java程序能对多个不同的数据库进行操作,而创建了一种接口,实现对数据库的规范
连接数据库的方式
1.方法1
先创建一个Driver对象,然后设置连接到的数据库的地址,然后创建一个properties对象,在里面设定好账户密码,然后通过driver的connect方法,创建出connect连接
public class jdbc01 {public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {// 前置工作,在项目下创建文件夹,然后将jar文件拷贝到该目录下,// 然后将其加入到项目中// 1.注册驱动Driver driver = new Driver();// 2.得到连接// (1)jdbc:mysql://表示表示规定好的协议// (2)localhost 应该是ip地址(这里是主机的ip地址)// (3)3306表示MySQL监听的端口// (4)test db 是指连接到MySQL的哪个数据库// (5)本质上是进行socket连接String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test01";// 将用户名和密码封装到一个Properties对象中Properties properties = new Properties();// user和password是规定好的,后面的值根据实际情况properties.setProperty("user","root");properties.setProperty("password"," ");Connection connect = driver.connect(url, properties);// 3.执行sql语句String sql = "insert into actor values(null,'刘德华','男','1970-11-11','110')";// Statement 用于执行静态sql语句并返回生成的结果的对象Statement statement = connect.createStatement();int rows = statement.executeUpdate(sql);// 如果是dml语句,返回的就是影响到的行数System.out.println(rows > 0? "成功":"失败");//4.关闭连接statement.close();connect.close();}
}
缺点:driver是第三方的,依赖性强,灵活性差
2.使用反射机制
public class jdbc02 {public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test01";Properties properties = new Properties();properties.setProperty("user","root");properties.setProperty("password","");Connection connect = driver.connect(url, properties);System.out.println(connect);}
}
3.使用DriverManager替换Driver
这种方法具有更好的拓展性
public class jdbc03 {public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, SQLException {Class<?> aClass = Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");Driver driver = (Driver) aClass.newInstance();String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test01";String user = "root";String password = "";// 也可以还是使用properties来存储账户和密码,最后在DriverManager的getConnection方法里传入url和properties;DriverManager.registerDriver(driver);Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);System.out.println(connection);}
}
4.自动注册,简化操作(推荐使用)
在反射时,完成了类的加载,在静态代码块里实现了自动注册
public class jdbc04 {public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");// 可以不写String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test01";String user = "root";String password = "lei2483034010";Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);System.out.println(connection);}
}
5.使用配置文件(最推荐)
在4方法的基础上,使用配置文件来存储账户和密码,更加的灵活
public class jdbc05 {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {Properties properties = new Properties();properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));String user = properties.getProperty("user");String password = properties.getProperty("password");String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");String url = properties.getProperty("url");Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);System.out.println(connection);}
}
执行sql语句
实际开发中,基本不使用statement,因为它不能预防sql注入
所以使用preparedStarement来防止sql的注入
使用这个类的好处
public class PreparedStatement {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, SQLException {Scanner myScanner = new Scanner(System.in);System.out.println("请输入账号");String account = myScanner.nextLine();System.out.println("请输入密码");String pwd = myScanner.nextLine();Properties properties = new Properties();properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));String user = properties.getProperty("user");String password = properties.getProperty("password");String driver = properties.getProperty("driver");String url = properties.getProperty("url");Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);String sqlSelect = " select name,pwd from admin where name =? and pwd =?";java.sql.PreparedStatement preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sqlSelect);// 赋值preparedStatement.setString(1,account);preparedStatement.setString(2,pwd);ResultSet resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();// 得到一个查询到resultSet集if (resultSet.next()){System.out.println("恭喜,登录成功");}else {System.out.println("对不起,登录失败");}resultSet.close();preparedStatement.close();connection.close();}
}
JDBCUtils
把JDBC的连接数据库操作,和关闭资源,封装到一个工具类中
public class JDBCUtils {//定义相关的属性(4个), 因为只需要一份,因此,我们做出staticprivate static String user; //用户名private static String password; //密码private static String url; //urlprivate static String driver; //驱动名//在static代码块去初始化static {try {Properties properties = new Properties();properties.load(new FileInputStream("src\\mysql.properties"));//读取相关的属性值user = properties.getProperty("user");password = properties.getProperty("password");url = properties.getProperty("url");driver = properties.getProperty("driver");} catch (IOException e) {//在实际开发中,我们可以这样处理//1. 将编译异常转成 运行异常//2. 调用者,可以选择捕获该异常,也可以选择默认处理该异常,比较方便.throw new RuntimeException(e);}}//连接数据库, 返回Connectionpublic static Connection getConnection() {try {return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);} catch (SQLException e) {//1. 将编译异常转成 运行异常//2. 调用者,可以选择捕获该异常,也可以选择默认处理该异常,比较方便.throw new RuntimeException(e);}}//关闭相关资源/*1. ResultSet 结果集2. Statement 或者 PreparedStatement3. Connection4. 如果需要关闭资源,就传入对象,否则传入 null*/public static void close(ResultSet set, Statement statement, Connection connection) {//判断是否为nulltry {if (set != null) {set.close();}if (statement != null) {statement.close();}if (connection != null) {connection.close();}} catch (SQLException e) {//将编译异常转成运行异常抛出throw new RuntimeException(e);}}}
事务(Java中使用)
public class Transaction_ {//没有使用事务.@Testpublic void noTransaction() {//操作转账的业务//1. 得到连接Connection connection = null;//2. 组织一个sqlString sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where id = 1";String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where id = 2";PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;//3. 创建PreparedStatement 对象try {connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); // 在默认情况下,connection是默认自动提交preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); // 执行第1条sqlint i = 1 / 0; //抛出异常preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); // 执行第3条sql} catch (SQLException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭资源JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);}}//事务来解决@Testpublic void useTransaction() {//操作转账的业务//1. 得到连接Connection connection = null;//2. 组织一个sqlString sql = "update account set balance = balance - 100 where id = 1";String sql2 = "update account set balance = balance + 100 where id = 2";PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;//3. 创建PreparedStatement 对象try {connection = JDBCUtils.getConnection(); // 在默认情况下,connection是默认自动提交//将 connection 设置为不自动提交connection.setAutoCommit(false); //开启了事务preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); // 执行第1条sqlint i = 1 / 0; //抛出异常preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql2);preparedStatement.executeUpdate(); // 执行第3条sql//这里提交事务connection.commit();} catch (SQLException e) {//这里我们可以进行回滚,即撤销执行的SQL//默认回滚到事务开始的状态.System.out.println("执行发生了异常,撤销执行的sql");try {connection.rollback();} catch (SQLException throwables) {throwables.printStackTrace();}e.printStackTrace();} finally {//关闭资源JDBCUtils.close(null, preparedStatement, connection);}}
}