问题描述
哲学家问题:其中多个哲学家在共享有限资源(筷子)的情况下进行工作(思考和吃饭),这可能导致死锁。
每位哲学家需要两根筷子才能吃饭,而每根筷子只能被一位哲学家使用,这就导致了资源的互斥性。在吃饭时会拿起左右两边的筷子,并保持持有直到吃完饭。如果筷子不足,他们就会等待,在这个场景中,哲学家不会从其他哲学家手中抢夺筷子,只有当筷子可用时,他们才会拿起筷子。
可能发生所有哲学家都拿着手中的一根筷子,同时等待另一根筷子的情况,这样就形成了一个环路,每个人都在等待其他人释放资源,导致所有人都无法继续进餐,即发生了死锁。
代码演示
1. 采用synchronized写法
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;import static test0202.Test02042.STATE;public class Test02042 {public static AtomicInteger STATE = new AtomicInteger(0b00000);public static void main(String[] args) {Chopstick c1 = new Chopstick("1");Chopstick c2 = new Chopstick("2");Chopstick c3 = new Chopstick("3");Chopstick c4 = new Chopstick("4");Chopstick c5 = new Chopstick("5");new Philosopher("苏格拉底", c1, c2).start();new Philosopher("柏拉图", c2, c3).start();new Philosopher("亚里士多德", c3, c4).start();new Philosopher("赫拉克利特", c4, c5).start();new Philosopher("阿基米德", c5, c1).start();}
}class Philosopher extends Thread {Chopstick left;Chopstick right;public Philosopher(String name, Chopstick left, Chopstick right) {super(name);this.left = left;this.right = right;}@Overridepublic void run() {while (true) {do {} while (!STATE.compareAndSet(STATE.get(), 0b00011));// 尝试获得左手筷子synchronized (left) {// 尝试获得右手筷子synchronized (right) {eat();}}}}private void eat() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"eating...");try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}class Chopstick {String name;public Chopstick(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "筷子{" + name + '}';}
}
运行结果: 发现代码不会继续执行 ,此时已经发生了死锁
改为可以超时释放的写法:
package test0202;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;public class Test0204 {public static void main(String[] args) {Chopstick c1 = new Chopstick("1");Chopstick c2 = new Chopstick("2");Chopstick c3 = new Chopstick("3");Chopstick c4 = new Chopstick("4");Chopstick c5 = new Chopstick("5");new Philosopher("苏格拉底", c1, c2).start();new Philosopher("柏拉图", c2, c3).start();new Philosopher("亚里士多德", c3, c4).start();new Philosopher("赫拉克利特", c4, c5).start();new Philosopher("阿基米德", c5, c1).start();}
}class Philosopher extends Thread {Chopstick left;Chopstick right;public Philosopher(String name, Chopstick left, Chopstick right) {super(name);this.left = left;this.right = right;}@Overridepublic void run() {while (true) {// 尝试获得左手筷子if (left.tryLock()) {try {// 尝试获得右手筷子if (right.tryLock()) {try {eat();} finally {right.unlock();}}} finally {left.unlock();}}}}private void eat() {System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"eating...");try {TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);} catch (InterruptedException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}class Chopstick extends ReentrantLock {String name;public Chopstick(String name) {this.name = name;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "筷子{" + name + '}';}
}