前后端分离，使用vue3整合SpringSecurity加JWT实现登录校验

前段时间写了一篇spring security的详细入门，但是没有联系实际。

所以这次在真实的项目中来演示一下怎样使用springsecurity来实现我们最常用的登录校验。本次演示使用现在市面上最常见的开发方式，前后端分离开发。前端使用vue3进行构建，用到了element-plus组件库、axios封装、pinia状态管理、Router路由跳转等技术。后端还是spring boot整合springsecurity+JWT来实现登录校验。

本文适合有一定基础的人来看，如果你对springsecurity安全框架还不是很了解，建议你先去看一下我之前写过的spring security框架的快速入门：

springboot3整合SpringSecurity实现登录校验与权限认证（万字超详细讲解）_springboot3 + springsecurity6 校验密码-CSDN博客

技术栈版本：vue3.3.11、springboot3.1.5、spring security6.x

业务流程：

可以看到整个业务的流程还是比较简单的，那么接下来就基于这个业务流程来进行我们具体代码的编写和实现；

前端：

新建一个vue项目，并引入一些具体的依赖；我们本次项目用到的有：element-plus、axios、pinia状态管理、Router路由跳转(注意我们在项目中使用到的pinia要引入持久化插件)

在vue项目中新建两个组件：Login.vue(登录组件，负责登录页面的展示)、Layout.vue(布局页面，负责整体项目的布局，登录成功之后就是跳转到这个页面)

路由的定义：在router文件夹下新建index.ts文件

import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from 'vue-router'
const router = createRouter({history: createWebHistory(import.meta.env.BASE_URL),routes: [{path: '/',name: 'login',component: () => import('@/components/Login.vue')},{path: '/layout',name: 'layout',component: () => import('@/components/Layout.vue')}]
})export default router

定义Login登录组件为默认的组件，并定义Layout组件；

useToken的状态封装：在stoers文件夹下新建useToken.ts

import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
import { ref } from 'vue'
const useTokenStore = defineStore('token', ()=>{
const token=ref()const removeToken=()=>{token.value=''
}return {token,removeToken}
},
{persist: true}
)export default useTokenStore

axios的封装：在utils文件夹在新建request.ts文件

import axios from "axios";
import  useTokenStore from '@/stores/useToken'
import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
// 先建一个api
const api = axios.create({baseURL: "http://localhost:8888",timeout: 5000
});
// 发送请求前拦截
api.interceptors.request.use(config =>{
const useToken = useTokenStore();
if(useToken.token){console.log("请求头toekn=====>", useToken.token);// 设置请求头// config.headers['token'] = useToken.token;config.headers.token = useToken.token;
}return config;},
error =>{return Promise.reject(error);
}
)// 响应前拦截
api.interceptors.response.use(response =>{console.log("响应数据", response);
if(response.data.code !=200){ElMessage.error(response.data.message);
}return response;
},
error =>{return Promise.reject(error);
}
)export default api;

在请求前拦截，主要是为了在请求头中新增token。在request.ts中引入了useToken，并判断如果token不为空，那么在请求头中新增token。

在响应前也进行了一次拦截，如果后端返回的状态码不为200，那么就打印出错误信息；

接下来就可以在Login.vue中进行我们的登录逻辑的具体编写了(我直接将组件内容进行复制了，也不是什么太难的东西，主要还是element-plus的表单)：

<template><div class="background" style="font-family:kaiti" ><!-- 注册表单 -->
<el-dialog v-model="isRegister" title="用户注册" width="30%"><el-form label-width="120px" v-model="registerForm"><el-form-item label="用户名"><el-input type="text"   v-model="registerForm.username"   ><template #prefix><el-icon><Avatar /></el-icon></template></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码"><el-input  type="password" v-model="registerForm.password" ><template #prefix><el-icon><Lock /></el-icon></template></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item><el-button type="primary" @click="registerAdd" >提交</el-button><el-button @click="isRegister = false">取消</el-button></el-form-item></el-form>
</el-dialog><!-- 登陆框 -->
<div class="login-box">
<el-formlabel-width="100px":model="loginFrom"style="max-width: 460px":rules="Loginrules"ref="ruleFormRef"><el-form-item label="用户名"  prop="username"><el-input v-model="loginFrom.username"  clearable  ><template #prefix><el-icon><Avatar /></el-icon></template></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="密码" prop="password"><el-input v-model="loginFrom.password"   show-password   clearable  type="password" ><template #prefix><el-icon><Lock /></el-icon></template></el-input></el-form-item><el-form-item label="验证码"  prop="codeValue"><el-input v-model="loginFrom.codeValue"  style="width: 100px;"  clearable  ></el-input><img :src="codeImage" @click="getCode" style="transform: scale(0.9);"/></el-form-item><el-button type="success" @click="getLogin(ruleFormRef)"  style="transform: translateX(50px)"  class="my-button">登录</el-button><el-button type="primary" @click="isRegister=true" class="my-button">注册</el-button></el-form></div></div>
</template><script lang="ts" setup>
import { ref,onMounted,reactive } from 'vue';
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router';
import { ElMessage } from 'element-plus';
import useTokenStore  from '@/stores/useToken'
import  api  from '@/utils/request'
import type { FormInstance, FormRules } from 'element-plus'
const ruleFormRef =  ref<FormInstance>()const loginFrom=ref({
username:'',
password:'',
codeKey:'',
codeValue:''
})const Loginrules=reactive({username: [{ required: true, message: '请输入用户名', trigger: 'blur' }],password: [{ required: true, message: '请输入密码', trigger: 'blur' },{ min: 6, max: 12, message: '长度在 6 到 12 个字符', trigger: 'blur'}],codeValue: [{ required: true, message: '请输入验证码', trigger: 'blur' }]})const registerForm=ref({username:'',password:''
})const codeImage=ref('')const isRegister=ref(false)const tokenStore = useTokenStore();const router = useRouter()const getLogin = async(formEl: FormInstance | undefined) => {if (!formEl)  returnawait formEl.validate((valid, fields) => {if (valid) {console.log('submit!')} else {ElMessage('请输入完整信息')return;}})let {data}=await api.post('/user/login',loginFrom.value)if(data.code==200){ElMessage('登录成功')console.log(data);tokenStore.token=data.datarouter.replace({name:'layout'})
}else{ElMessage('登录失败')
}}const getCode=async()=>{let {data}=await api.get('/getCaptcha')loginFrom.value.codeKey=data.data.codeKeycodeImage.value=data.data.codeValue}const registerAdd=async()=>{
let {data}=await api.post('/user/register',registerForm.value)if(data.code==200){ElMessage('注册成功')isRegister.value=false
}else{ElMessage('注册失败')isRegister.value=false}}// 页面加载完成获取验证码onMounted(()=>{
getCode()})</script>

这个页面中，我还加入了一个图形验证码。还有一个注册的表单。其他的就和普通的登录一样了；

这个页面的最终效果如图：

Layout.vue页面中，我们只进行两个方法的测试；一个是获取当前用户的具体信息，一个是退出登录的按钮；

<template><div class="common-layout"><el-container><el-header height="100px">头部<el-button type="primary" @click="getUserInfo">获取用户信息</el-button><el-button type="success" @click="Logout">退出登录</el-button></el-header><el-container><el-aside width="200px">菜单栏</el-aside><el-main>展示区</el-main></el-container></el-container></div></template><script lang="ts" setup name="Layout">
import { ref } from 'vue'
import api from '@/utils/request'
import {ElMessage} from 'element-plus'
import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'
import  useToeknStore from '@/stores/useToken'
const router = useRouter()const Logout =async () => {let data= api.get("/user/logout")
if(data.data.code==200){
ElMessage.success('退出成功')
// 清除token
useToeknStore().removeToken
router.replace({name:'login'})
}
else{ElMessage.error('退出失败')
}}const getUserInfo = async() => {let data=await api.get("/user/info")console.log('@',data);}</script>

数据库：

我新建一个数据表，用于登录校验：

CREATE TABLE users (id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,username VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,password VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,expired BOOLEAN NOT NULL
);

这张表中只有简单的用户名，密码，和用户是否过期等字段；

后端：

新建一个spring boot项目，并导入以下的依赖：

   <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.mysql</groupId><artifactId>mysql-connector-j</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.auth0</groupId><artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId><version>4.3.0</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.baomidou</groupId><artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId><version>3.5.3.1</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>cn.hutool</groupId><artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId><version>5.8.18</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba</groupId><artifactId>fastjson</artifactId><version>2.0.21</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>

后端使用MybatisPlus做用户的增、删、改、查等。基础的controller、service、mapper，我就不再这里进行赘述了；

新建一个类MyTUserDetail ，继承UserDetail：

@Data
public class MyTUserDetail implements Serializable , UserDetails {private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;private User User;@JsonIgnore  //json忽略@Overridepublic Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {return null;}@JsonIgnore@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonExpired() {return true;}@JsonIgnore@Overridepublic boolean isAccountNonLocked() {return true;}@JsonIgnore@Overridepublic boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {return true;}@JsonIgnore@Overridepublic boolean isEnabled() {return true;}
}

新建一个类MyUserDetailServerImpl，实现MyUserDetailServer接口的loadUserByUsername方法

@Service
public class MyUserDetailServerImpl implements MyUserDetailServer {@AutowiredUserMapper userService;@Overridepublic UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {User tUser = userService.selectOne(new LambdaQueryWrapper<User>().eq(username != null, TUser::getUsername, username));if (tUser == null) {throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名不存在");}MyTUserDetail myTUserDetail=new MyTUserDetail();
myTUserDetail.setTUser(tUser);return myTUserDetail;}
}

新建一个JwtUtils的工具类，来生成token；

@Component
public class JwtUtil {private final String secret="zhangqiao";private final Long expiration=36000000L;public String generateToken(Integer id) {Date now = new Date();Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + expiration);Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);return JWT.create().withSubject(String.valueOf(id)).withIssuedAt(now).withExpiresAt(expiryDate).sign(algorithm);}public Integer getUsernameFromToken(String token) {try {DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);return Integer.valueOf(jwt.getSubject());} catch (JWTDecodeException e) {return null;}}/** 判断token是否过期* */public boolean isTokenValid(String token) {try {Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);JWT.require(algorithm).build().verify(token);return true;} catch (Exception e) {return false;}}/** 刷新token* */public String refreshToken(String token) {try {DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);String username = jwt.getSubject();Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(secret);Date now = new Date();Date expiryDate = new Date(now.getTime() + expiration);return JWT.create().withSubject(username).withIssuedAt(now).withExpiresAt(expiryDate).sign(algorithm);} catch (JWTDecodeException e) {return null;}}
}

新建一个Jwt的拦截类，继承一个OncePerRequestFilter类，用来在每次请求前拦截请求，并从中获取token，并判断这个token是否是我们用户表中的token；

如果是，那么将用户信息存储到security中，这样后面的过滤器就可以获取到用户信息了，如果不是，那么直接放行。我们会将这个拦截器加入到UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器之前。

@Component
public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> redisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;@Overrideprotected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {//获取请求头中的tokenString token = request.getHeader("token");System.out.println("前端的token信息=======>"+token);//如果token为空直接放行，由于用户信息没有存放在SecurityContextHolder.getContext()中所以后面的过滤器依旧认证失败符合要求if(!StringUtils.hasText(token)){filterChain.doFilter(request,response);return;}//        解析Jwt中的用户idInteger userId = jwtUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);//从redis中获取用户信息String redisUser = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(String.valueOf(userId));if(!StringUtils.hasText(redisUser)){filterChain.doFilter(request,response);return;}MyTUserDetail myTUserDetail= JSON.parseObject(redisUser, MyTUserDetail.class);//将用户信息存放在SecurityContextHolder.getContext()，后面的过滤器就可以获得用户信息了。UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken=new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(myTUserDetail,null,null);SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);filterChain.doFilter(request,response);}
}

security配置类的设置:

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class MyServiceConfig {@Autowiredprivate JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter;/** security的过滤器链* */
@Bean
public SecurityFilterChain securityFilterChain(HttpSecurity http)throws Exception {
http.csrf(AbstractHttpConfigurer::disable);http.authorizeHttpRequests((auth) ->auth.requestMatchers("/getCaptcha","user/login","user/register").permitAll().anyRequest().authenticated()
);
http.cors(cors->{cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource());});
//自定义过滤器放在UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器之前http.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);return http.build();
}@Autowired
private MyUserDetailServerImpl myUserDetailsService;/*
* 验证管理器
* */@Beanpublic AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder){DaoAuthenticationProvider provider=new DaoAuthenticationProvider();
//将编写的UserDetailsService注入进来provider.setUserDetailsService(myUserDetailsService);
//将使用的密码编译器加入进来provider.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder);
//将provider放置到AuthenticationManager 中ProviderManager providerManager=new ProviderManager(provider);return providerManager;}//跨域配置@Beanpublic CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {CorsConfiguration configuration = new CorsConfiguration();configuration.setAllowedOrigins(Arrays.asList("*"));configuration.setAllowedMethods(Arrays.asList("*"));configuration.setAllowedHeaders(Arrays.asList("*"));UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", configuration);return source;}/** 密码加密器*/
@Beanpublic PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}}

在security的配置类中，设置了跨域问题、拦截器链的配置（并将一些需要放行的接口放行，将我们自定义的Jwt拦截器加入了security拦截链）、密码编译器、AuthenticationManager 验证管理等等一系列配置；

Usercontroller控制器：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {@Autowiredprivate UserService userService;@Autowiredprivate PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;@PostMapping("/login")public Result<String> login(@RequestBody DtoLogin dtoLogin) {System.out.println(dtoLogin);String token = userService.login(dtoLogin);return Result.successData(token);}@PostMapping("/register")public Result register(@RequestBody DtoLogin dtoLogin) {System.out.println(dtoLogin);TUser user = new TUser();user.setLoginAct(dtoLogin.getUsername());user.setLoginPwd(passwordEncoder.encode(dtoLogin.getPassword()));userService.save(user);return Result.success();}@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> redisTemplate;@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;@GetMapping("/logout")public Result logout(@RequestHeader("token")String token){Integer id = jwtUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);redisTemplate.delete(String.valueOf(id));return Result.success();}@GetMapping("/info")public Result info(@RequestHeader("token")String token){System.out.println("controller层获取到的token=======>"+token);Integer id = jwtUtil.getUsernameFromToken(token);String redisUser = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(String.valueOf(id));MyTUserDetail myTUserDetail = JSON.parseObject(redisUser, MyTUserDetail.class);return Result.successData(myTUserDetail);}}

在UserController控制器中，由于登录方法比较复杂，我将登录方法重新在service中重写了，剩下的获取用户信息、用户注册、退出登录都直接在UseController中实现了;

service中重写的登录方法：

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User> implements UserService {@Autowiredprivate RedisTemplate<String,String> redisTemplate;@AutowiredAuthenticationManager authenticationManager;@Autowiredprivate JwtUtil jwtUtil;@Overridepublic String login(DtoLogin dtoLogin) {String codeRedis = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(dtoLogin.getCodeKey());if (!dtoLogin.getCodeValue().equals(codeRedis)){throw new ResultException(400,"验证码错误");}// 验证码正确，删除redis中的验证码redisTemplate.delete(dtoLogin.getCodeKey());UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(dtoLogin.getUsername(),dtoLogin.getPassword());Authentication authenticate = authenticationManager.authenticate(authenticationToken);if(authenticate==null){throw new  ResultException(400,"用户名或密码错误");}
//        获取返回的用户信息Object principal = authenticate.getPrincipal();MyTUserDetail myTUserDetail=(MyTUserDetail) principal;System.out.println(myTUserDetail);
//        使用Jwt生成token，并将用户的id传入String token = jwtUtil.generateToken(myTUserDetail.getTUser().getId());redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(String.valueOf(myTUserDetail.getTUser().getId()), JSON.toJSONString(myTUserDetail),1, TimeUnit.DAYS);return token;}}

由于我们还是用了验证码，所以在这个登录方法中先判断了验证码、如果验证码正确。那么在判断传回来的用户名和密码。如果都正确，那么用Jwt返回一个token，token中携带的是用户的id;

至此，我们所有的前后端代码都已经写完了。那么，让我们具体的实验一下；