文章目录
- 1、认识poll接口
- 2、实现
- 3、特点
1、认识poll接口
#include <poll.h>
int poll(struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);// pollfd结构
struct pollfd
{int fd; /* file descriptor */short events; /* requested events */short revents; /* returned events */
};
poll返回值和select一样,都是int,表示就绪的fd数量。timeout是一个输入型参数,单位是毫秒ms,为0表示非阻塞,小于0表示阻塞,大于0poll在这段时间内阻塞等待,如果一直没有事件就绪,那么超过时间就返回0。fds相当于一个数组,events是用户关心的fd上的事件,revents是内核告诉用户,关心的fd中哪些已经有事件就绪。
poll分离了输入参数和输出参数,这样就不需要在调用poll时进行重新设置了。
上图的事件其实都是宏,POLLIN表示读事件就绪,POLLOUT表示写事件就绪。
2、实现
基于上一篇select的代码来实现,代码只用到能够等待多个fd那里。基本代码
#pragma once#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/poll.h>
#include "Sock.hpp"
#include "log.hpp"
#include "err.hpp"const static int gport = 8888;typedef int type_t;class PollServer
{static const int N = (sizeof(fd_set) * 8);public:PollServer(uint16_t port = gport) : port_(port) {}void InitServer(){listensock_.Socket();listensock_.Bind(port_);listensock_.Listen();for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)fdarray_[i] = defaultfd;}void Accepter(){std::string clientip;uint16_t clientport;int sock = listensock_.Accept(&clientip, &clientport);if (sock < 0)return;logMessage(Debug, "[%s:%d], sock: %d", clientip.c_str(), clientport, sock);int pos = 1;for (; pos < N; pos++){if (fdarray_[pos] == defaultfd)break;}if (pos >= N){close(sock);logMessage(Warning, "sockfd array[] full");}else{fdarray_[pos] = sock;}}void HandlerEvent(fd_set &rfds){for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){if (fdarray_[i] == defaultfd)continue;if ((fdarray_[i] == listensock_.Fd()) && FD_ISSET(listensock_.Fd(), &rfds)){Accepter();}else if ((fdarray_[i] != listensock_.Fd()) && FD_ISSET(fdarray_[i], &rfds)){int fd = fdarray_[i];char buffer[1024];ssize_t s = recv(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0);if (s > 0){buffer[s-1] = 0;std::cout << "client# " << buffer << std::endl;std::string echo = buffer;echo += " [select server echo]";send(fd, echo.c_str(), echo.size(), 0);}else{if (s == 0)logMessage(Info, "client quit ..., fdarray_[i] -> defaultfd: %d->%d", fd, defaultfd);elselogMessage(Warning, "recv error, client quit ..., fdarray_[i] -> defaultfd: %d->%d", fd, defaultfd);close(fdarray_[i]);fdarray_[i] = defaultfd;}}}}void Start(){fdarray_[0] = listensock_.Fd();while (true){fd_set rfds;FD_ZERO(&rfds);int maxfd = fdarray_[0];for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){if (fdarray_[i] == defaultfd)continue;// 合法fdFD_SET(fdarray_[i], &rfds);if (maxfd < fdarray_[i])maxfd = fdarray_[i];}int n = select(maxfd + 1, &rfds, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);switch (n){case 0:logMessage(Debug, "timeout, %d: %s", errno, strerror(errno));break;case -1:logMessage(Warning, "%d: %s", errno, strerror(errno));break;default:logMessage(Debug, "有一个就绪事件发生了: %d", n);HandlerEvent(rfds);DebugPrint();break;}}}void DebugPrint(){std::cout << "fdarray[]: ";for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){if (fdarray_[i] == defaultfd)continue;std::cout << fdarray_[i] << " ";}std::cout << "\n";}~PollServer(){listensock_.Close();}private:uint16_t port_;Sock listensock_;type_t fdarray_[N];
};
改一下数组类型
typedef struct pollfd type_t;
type_t* fdarray_;
在构造函数那里初始化为nullptr,然后在初始化函数初始化
const static int gport = 8888;
const static int N = 4096;
const static short defaultevent = 0;typedef struct pollfd type_t;class PollServer
{
public:PollServer(uint16_t port = gport) : port_(port), fdarray_(nullptr){}void InitServer(){listensock_.Socket();listensock_.Bind(port_);listensock_.Listen();fdarray_ = new type_t[N];for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){fdarray_[i].fd = defaultfd;fdarray_[i].events = defaultevent;fdarray_[i].revents = defaultevent;}}~PollServer(){listensock_.Close();if(fdarray_) delete []fdarray_;//判断不为空再delete}
start函数里这些不再需要
fd_set rfds;FD_ZERO(&rfds);int maxfd = fdarray_[0].fd;for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){if (fdarray_[i] == defaultfd)continue;// 合法fdFD_SET(fdarray_[i], &rfds);if (maxfd < fdarray_[i])maxfd = fdarray_[i];}
void Start(){fdarray_[0].fd = listensock_.Fd();fdarray_[0].events = POLLIN;while (true){int timeout = 1000;int n = poll(fdarray_, N, timeout);switch (n){case 0:logMessage(Debug, "timeout, %d: %s", errno, strerror(errno));break;case -1:logMessage(Warning, "%d: %s", errno, strerror(errno));break;default:logMessage(Debug, "有一个就绪事件发生了: %d", n);HandlerEvent(rfds);DebugPrint();break;}}}
poll函数那里,第二个参数可以不传N,把要管理的fd都放到fdarray_最左侧排起来,第二个参数就可以只看这几个fd的个数。
其它函数更改一下
void Accepter(){std::string clientip;uint16_t clientport;int sock = listensock_.Accept(&clientip, &clientport);if (sock < 0)return;logMessage(Debug, "[%s:%d], sock: %d", clientip.c_str(), clientport, sock);int pos = 1;for (; pos < N; pos++){if (fdarray_[pos].fd == defaultfd)break;}if (pos >= N){//可以先动态扩容,扩容失败再closeclose(sock);logMessage(Warning, "sockfd array[] full");}else{fdarray_[pos].fd = sock;fdarray_[pos].events = POLLIN;//可以设置成POLLIN / POLLOUT,也就是读写事件都关心fdarray_[pos].revents = defaultevent;}}void HandlerEvent(){for (int i = 0; i < N; i++){int fd = fdarray_[i].fd;short revent = fdarray_[i].events;if (fd == defaultfd)continue;if ((fd == listensock_.Fd()) && (revent & POLLIN))//fd是需要的fd且读数据就绪{Accepter();}else if ((fd != listensock_.Fd()) && (revent & POLLIN))//fd不是我们要的,但读数据就绪{int fd = fdarray_[i].fd;char buffer[1024];ssize_t s = recv(fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0);if (s > 0){buffer[s-1] = 0;std::cout << "client# " << buffer << std::endl;std::string echo = buffer;echo += " [select server echo]";send(fd, echo.c_str(), echo.size(), 0);}else{if (s == 0)logMessage(Info, "client quit ..., fdarray_[i] -> defaultfd: %d->%d", fd, defaultfd);elselogMessage(Warning, "recv error, client quit ..., fdarray_[i] -> defaultfd: %d->%d", fd, defaultfd);close(fd);fdarray_[i].fd = defaultfd;fdarray_[i].events = defaultevent;fdarray_[i].revents = defaultevent;}}}}
makefile
pollserver:main.ccg++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11
.PHONY:clean
clean:rm -f pollserver
main.cc
#include "PollServer.hpp"
#include <memory>int main()
{//fd_set fd;//std::cout << sizeof(fd) << std::endl;std::unique_ptr<PollServer> svr(new PollServer());svr->InitServer();svr->Start();return 0;
}
timeout改成-1就是阻塞了。现在这个服务器支持读,如果要支持写,在HandlerEvent函数里
if (s > 0){buffer[s-1] = 0;std::cout << "client# " << buffer << std::endl;fdarray_[i].events |= POLLOUT;//也关心写事件std::string echo = buffer;echo += " [select server echo]";send(fd, echo.c_str(), echo.size(), 0);}
3、特点
poll虽然相对于select简单了好多,不过poll也是以数组形式传多个fd,让操作系统去遍历所有fd,所以对于底层的消耗和select一样。但poll解决了fd上限少的问题,数组多大是用户决定的,而select自己就决定了一个fd_set,让用户只得用fd_set。当用户定的数组太大时,操作系统去遍历,效率也低。所以poll对于select,虽然看上去简单了一些,但放到实际中,文件逐渐增多,两者都不怎么样,不过poll写起来更简单。
select可以跨平台,poll不行。
本篇gitee
结束。