语法基础
数组自带长度属性 length,可以在遍历的时候使用:
int []ages = new int[10];for (int i = 0; i < ages.length; i++)System.out.println(ages[i]);
数组可以使用增强式for语句进行只读式遍历:
int[] years = new int[10];for (int year : years) // 这里的冒号可以看作python里的in,表示取数组里的每个元素System.out.println(year);
随机数生成有两种方法:
- 法一:使用Random类,在前面加载好,然后定义一个 rand 来使用 nextInt 或 nextDouble 方法:
import java.util.Random;public class test {public static void main(String[] args) {Random rand = new Random();int a = rand.nextInt(100) + 10; // 从10开始,范围为100,因此a的取值范围为[10, 100]double b = rand.nextDouble(); // 小数的范围为[0,1]}
}
- 法二:使用Math.random()生成取值范围为 [0.0, 1.0) 的浮点数:
public class test {public static void main(String[] args) {int a = (int)(Math.random() * 100);}
}
数字和字符串的相互转换:
- 将字符串转换为数字:
String s = "123";
int a = Integer.parseInt(s);
- 将数字转换为字符串:
int a = 123;
String s = String.valueOf(a);
输入的初始化和关闭
import java.util.Scanner;public class test {public static void main(String[] args) {int a = 0;double b = 1.0;String s = "";Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);a = scanner.nextInt();b = scanner.nextDouble();s = scanner.nextLine();scanner.close();}
}
样卷第一题:设计一个类,产生100个随机数,计算能背3整除的和,要求存入数组中。
package final_review;public class Text_1 {public static void main(String[] args) {int[] a = new int[110];int sum = 0;for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {a[i] = (int)(Math.random() * 100);if (a[i] % 3 == 0)sum += a[i];}a[0] = sum;}
}
简单面向对象
涉及到类的定义,成员变量、构造方法、方法定义,get、set方法,这些都很简单;
要着重掌握toString方法和equals方法:
@Overridepublic String toString() {return employeeId + " " + wage + " " + tax + " " + realWage;}@Overridepublic boolean equals(Object obj) {if (this == obj)return true;if (obj == null)return false;if (this.getClass() != obj.getClass())return false;Salary other = (Salary) obj;if (employeeId == null) {if (other.employeeId != null)return false;}else if (!employeeId.equals(other.employeeId))return false;return true;}
另外,组合不同的类,要将一个副类作为主类的一个成员变量,但是不能直接赋值,而是用set方法,最后在main方法里定义好副类,主类调用set方法赋值。
面向对象进阶
这里主要注意一下抽象类和接口:
抽象类 abstruct 用 extends 继承
接口 interface 用 implements 使用
有两个Object的接口 Comparable<>和Cloneable,
Comparable<>要覆盖 compareTo方法,比较大小,大的返回1,小的返回-1,一样大返回0;
这样就可以用 java.util.Arrays.sort 来根据某一成员变量对其中元素进行从小到大的排序。
Cloneable要覆盖返回值为 Object 的 Clone()方法,还得在这个和main方法后面抛出异常 throws ClonesNotSupportedException。
异常处理
知道使用try catch语句就行,在有可能出现异常的类后面都加上 throws Exception
记得catch 语句的括号里有标识符 e ,如果没有具体错误提示,就写 e.printStackTrace();
IO
掌握这道真题就好了,主要考的是数据写入和读出文档:
package Test;import java.io.*;
import java.util.Scanner;public class Test_6 {public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{writeToFile("data.txt", "dog", 2, "yellow");readFromFile("data.txt");}public static void writeToFile(String fileName, Object... data) throws Exception {PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter(fileName));for (Object obj : data) {writer.println(obj.toString());}writer.close();}public static void readFromFile(String fileName) throws Exception {try {Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new FileReader(fileName));String line = "";while ((line = scanner.nextLine()) != null)System.out.println(line);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}
}
JavaFx
第一题:
package ch05;import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.control.PasswordField;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
import javafx.scene.text.FontPosture;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;public class RegisterFX extends Application {Stage primaryStage;private Text result = new Text();public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {this.primaryStage = primaryStage;VBox pane = new VBox(12);pane.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);HBox pane1 = new HBox(24);pane1.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);HBox pane2 = new HBox(24);pane2.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);HBox pane3 = new HBox(24);pane3.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);HBox pane4 = new HBox(24);pane4.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);HBox pane5 = new HBox(24);pane5.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_CENTER);HBox pane6 = new HBox(24);pane6.setAlignment(Pos.CENTER);pane6.getChildren().add(result);Text title = new Text("注册");title.setFont(Font.font(null, FontWeight.BLACK, 24));Text text1 = new Text("电子邮箱:");Text text2 = new Text("用户姓名:");Text text3 = new Text("输入密码:");Text text4 = new Text("再次输入:");TextField answer1 = new TextField();TextField answer2 = new TextField();PasswordField answer3 = new PasswordField();PasswordField answer4 = new PasswordField();Button b1 = new Button("确定");Button b2 = new Button("取消");pane5.getChildren().add(b1);pane5.getChildren().add(b2);pane1.getChildren().add(text1);pane1.getChildren().add(answer1);pane2.getChildren().add(text2);pane2.getChildren().add(answer2);pane3.getChildren().add(text3);pane3.getChildren().add(answer3);pane4.getChildren().add(text4);pane4.getChildren().add(answer4);pane.getChildren().addAll(title, pane1, pane2, pane3, pane4, pane5);Scene scene = new Scene(pane, 500, 500);primaryStage.setScene(scene);primaryStage.show();b1.setOnAction(e->{if(text3.getText().equals(text4.getText()))result.setText("注册成功");else {result.setText("两次输入密码不一致");result.setFill(Color.RED);}});b2.setOnAction(e->{System.exit(0);});}public static void main(String[] args) {launch(args);}
}
第二题:
package Test;import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.FontWeight;
import javafx.scene.text.FontPosture;
import javafx.scene.layout.*;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.stage.Stage;public class Test_4_2 extends Application {TextField answer;Stage primaryStage;public void start(Stage primaryStage) throws Exception {this.primaryStage = primaryStage;VBox pane1 = new VBox();pane1.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_LEFT);HBox pane2 = new HBox(20);pane2.setAlignment(Pos.TOP_LEFT);Text question = new Text("广东外语外贸大学的简称是什么?");question.setFont(Font.font(null, FontWeight.BLACK, 24));Text text = new Text("输入:");answer = new TextField();Button b = new Button("确定");pane2.getChildren().add(text);pane2.getChildren().add(answer);pane1.getChildren().add(question);pane1.getChildren().add(pane2);pane1.getChildren().add(b);b.setOnAction(e->{if (answer.getText().equals("广外"))answer.setText("回答正确");elseanswer.setText("回答错误");});Scene scene = new Scene(pane1, 500, 200);primaryStage.setScene(scene);primaryStage.show();}public static void main(String[] args) {launch(args);}
}