RabbitMQ的交换机的四种类型
一、Direct类型交换机
Direct类型交换机
///1.在发送消息的时候,通过Direct类型的路由转发;
//要求Direct类型交换机和队列绑定;绑定需要一个标识,生产者在发送消息的时候,也需要指定一个标识,消息发送给交换机以后,交换机进行标识的匹配;知道和交换机绑定队列完全吻合的标识,只要是匹配到了,就把消息通过交换机转发给当前绑定标识吻合的这个队列中去;//Direct类型的交换机可以做点啥?
//如果说有一个生产者发送了很多消息,需要把消息分类处理;
//消息需要分几类,就可以定义几个队列;分别把队列和交换机在绑定的是偶,分别给出不同的表示,发送消息的时候,就给出不同标识,就可以把消息发送到不同的经过分类的队列中去了;//记录日志:记录日志,分类的记录,如果是异常,就需要另外的处理;
//还需要来一个所有日志的记录;
//定义一个记录所有日志的队列,定义一个专门为异常日志存在的队列;
//定义一个Dirct类型的交换机,分别绑定不同的标识,日志生产出来以后,就可以根据日志的类型不同,发给路由,把类型作为标识,路由匹配后,就可以转发到不同的队列中去中,就可以把日志分类处理;
生产者
public class DirectExchangeProducer
{public static void Send(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel()){#region 删除队列和交换机channel.ExchangeDelete("DirectExChange");channel.QueueDelete("DirectExchangeLogAllQueue");channel.QueueDelete("DirectExchangeErrorQueue");#endregionchannel.QueueDeclare(queue: "DirectExchangeLogAllQueue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "DirectExchangeErrorQueue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null); //交换机的类型:type:ExchangeTypechannel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "DirectExChange", type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//定义四种类型的日志string[] logtypes = new string[] { "debug", "info", "warn", "error" };//把交换机和队列绑定,把所有的日志类型作为标识绑定起来;//DirectExchangeLogAllQueue:用来接受所有的日志消息//交换机和队列可以绑定多个标识foreach (string logtype in logtypes){channel.QueueBind(queue: "DirectExchangeLogAllQueue",exchange: "DirectExChange",routingKey: logtype);}//针对异常处理的:这里DirectExChange 绑定DirectExchangeErrorQueue,只指定一个标识就是errorchannel.QueueBind(queue: "DirectExchangeErrorQueue",exchange: "DirectExChange",routingKey: "error");//通过取模,得到四种类型的日志各自25个日志信息;List<LogMsgModel> logList = new List<LogMsgModel>();for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++){if (i % 4 == 0){logList.Add(new LogMsgModel() { LogType = "info", Msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"info第{i}条信息") });}if (i % 4 == 1){logList.Add(new LogMsgModel() { LogType = "debug", Msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"debug第{i}条信息") });}if (i % 4 == 2){logList.Add(new LogMsgModel() { LogType = "warn", Msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"warn第{i}条信息") });}if (i % 4 == 3){logList.Add(new LogMsgModel() { LogType = "error", Msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes($"error第{i}条信息") });}}Console.WriteLine("生产者发送100条日志信息");logList = logList.OrderBy(l => l.LogType).ToList();//发送日志信息foreach (var log in logList){channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "DirectExChange",routingKey: log.LogType,basicProperties: null,body: log.Msg);Console.WriteLine($"{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(log.Msg)} 已发送~~");}}}}public class LogMsgModel{public string LogType { get; set; }public byte[] Msg { get; set; }}
}
消费者
public class DirectExchangeConsumerLogAll
{public static void Consumption(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel()){channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "DirectExchangeLogAllQueue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "DirectExChange", type: ExchangeType.Direct, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);string[] logtypes = new string[] { "debug", "info", "warn", "error" };foreach (string logtype in logtypes){channel.QueueBind(queue: "DirectExchangeLogAllQueue",exchange: "DirectExChange",routingKey: logtype);}//消费队列中的所有消息; var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var body = ea.Body;var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body.ToArray());Console.WriteLine($"【{message}】,写入文本~~");};//处理消息channel.BasicConsume(queue: "DirectExchangeLogAllQueue",autoAck: true,consumer: consumer);Console.ReadLine();}}}
}
二、fanout 类型交换机
///fanout类型的Exchange路由规则非常简单,它会把所有发送到该Exchange的消息路由到所有与它绑定的Queue中。
//交换机和队列绑定不需要指定标识;对于生产者发过来的消息,发给交换机以后,只要是整个交换机和队列有绑定,交换机就转发给队列;//生产者发送的消息都可以转发给和他绑定额队列;
//广播式;发布订阅模式;一个生产者把消息发送过去,多个消费者都可以接受到了;
生产者
public class FanoutExchange
{public static void Send(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel()){channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//在这里声明一个Fanout 类型的交换机channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "FanoutExchange", type: ExchangeType.Fanout, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//交换机绑定队列,不需要标识channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);//在控制台输入消息,按enter键发送消息int i = 1;while (true){var message = $"通知{i}";if (i>10){Console.WriteLine("请输入通知~~");message = Console.ReadLine();} var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);//基本发布channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "FanoutExchange",routingKey: string.Empty,basicProperties: null,body: body);Console.WriteLine($"通知【{message}】已发送到队列");Thread.Sleep(2000);i++;}}}}
}
消费者
public class FanoutExchange
{public static void Consumption(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){//创建通道channelusing (var channel = connection.CreateModel()){channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//在这里声明一个Fanout 类型的交换机channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "FanoutExchange", type: ExchangeType.Fanout, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//交换机绑定队列,不需要标识channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);//定义消费者 var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var body = ea.Body;var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body.ToArray());//只是为了演示,并没有存入文本文件Console.WriteLine($"消费者0:接收成功!【{message}】,邮件通知");};Console.WriteLine("消费者0:通知服务准备就绪...");//处理消息channel.BasicConsume(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002",autoAck: true,consumer: consumer);Console.ReadLine();}}}public static void Consumption1(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){//创建通道channelusing (var channel = connection.CreateModel()){channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//在这里声明一个Fanout 类型的交换机channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "FanoutExchange", type: ExchangeType.Fanout, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);//交换机绑定队列,不需要标识channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi002", exchange: "FanoutExchange", routingKey: string.Empty, arguments: null);//定义消费者 var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var body = ea.Body;var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body.ToArray());//只是为了演示,并没有存入文本文件Console.WriteLine($"消费者1:接收成功!【{message}】,邮件通知");};Console.WriteLine("消费者1:通知服务准备就绪...");//处理消息channel.BasicConsume(queue: "FanoutExchangeZhaoxi001",autoAck: true,consumer: consumer);Console.ReadLine();}}}
}
三、Topic 类型交换机
Topic交换机:可以做到模糊匹配;
Exchange绑定队列需要制定标识 标识 可以有自己的规则;标识可以有占位符、通配符;*/#*匹配一个单词、#匹配多个单词,在Direct基础上加上模糊匹配;
生产者
public class TopicExchange
{public static void Send(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel()){//声明一个Topic类型的交换机channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "TopicExchange", type: ExchangeType.Topic, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "ChinaQueue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "newsQueue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(queue: "ChinaQueue", exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "China.#", arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(queue: "newsQueue", exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "#.news", arguments: null);{string message = "来自中国的新闻消息。。。。";var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "China.news", basicProperties: null, body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{message}】已发送到队列");}{string message = "来自中国的天气消息。。。。";var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "China.weather", basicProperties: null, body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{message}】已发送到队列");}{string message = "来自美国的新闻消息。。。。";var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "usa.news", basicProperties: null, body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{message}】已发送到队列");}{string message = "来自美国的天气消息。。。。";var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "usa.weather", basicProperties: null, body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{message}】已发送到队列");}}}}
}
消费者
public class TopicExchange
{public static void Consumption(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){using (IModel channel = connection.CreateModel()){channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "TopicExchange", type: ExchangeType.Topic, durable: true, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "ChinaQueue", durable: true, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueBind(queue: "ChinaQueue", exchange: "TopicExchange", routingKey: "China.#", arguments: null);//定义消费者 var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>{var body = ea.Body;var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body.ToArray());Console.WriteLine($"接收成功!【{message}】");};//处理消息channel.BasicConsume(queue: "ChinaQueue",autoAck: true,consumer: consumer);Console.WriteLine("对来自于中国的消息比较感兴趣的 消费者");}}}
}
四、Headers 类型交换机
//规则:headers类型的Exchange不依赖于routing key与binding key的匹配规则来路由消息,而是根据发送的消息内容中的headers属性进行匹配。在绑定Queue与Exchange时指定一组键值对以及x-match参数,x-match参数是字符串类型,可以设置为any或者all。如果设置为any,意思就是只要匹配到了headers表中的任何一对键值即可,all则代表需要全部匹配。
生产者
public class HeaderExchange
{public static void Send(){var factory = new ConnectionFactory();factory.HostName = "localhost";//RabbitMQ服务在本地运行factory.UserName = "guest";//用户名factory.Password = "guest";//密码 using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection()){using (var channel = connection.CreateModel()){//声明Headers类型的交换机:HeaderExchangechannel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: "HeaderExchange", type: ExchangeType.Headers, durable: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "HeaderExchangeAllqueue", durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);channel.QueueDeclare(queue: "HeaderExchangeAnyqueue", durable: false, exclusive: false, autoDelete: false, arguments: null);Console.WriteLine("生产者准备就绪....");//绑定的时候,需要给arguments 指定一个字典的实例;根据字典中的 { "x-match","all/any"},//如果:{ "x-match","all"}, 发送消息的时候,带的参数列表必须和arguments参数中除了x-match以外,其他的必须都具备才能转发到对应的队列中去;//如果:{ "x-match","any"},发送消息的时候,带的参数列表必须和arguments参数中除了x-match以外,任何一个能够匹配就转发到该队列中去;channel.QueueBind(queue: "HeaderExchangeAllqueue", exchange: "HeaderExchange", routingKey: string.Empty,arguments: new Dictionary<string, object> {{ "x-match","all"},{ "teacher","Richard"},{ "pass","123"}});{string message = "teacher和pass都相同时发送的消息";IBasicProperties props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();props.Headers = new Dictionary<string, object>() {{ "teacher","Richard"},{ "pass","123"}};var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);//基本发布channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "HeaderExchange",routingKey: string.Empty,basicProperties: props,body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{message}】已发送");}{string message = "teacher和pass有一个不相同时发送的消息";var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();props.Headers = new Dictionary<string, object>() {{ "teacher","Richard"},{ "pass","234"}};var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "HeaderExchange",routingKey: string.Empty,basicProperties: props,body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{message}】已发送");}Console.WriteLine("**************************************************************");{channel.QueueBind(queue: "HeaderExchangeAnyqueue", exchange: "HeaderExchange", routingKey: string.Empty,arguments: new Dictionary<string, object> {{ "x-match","any"},{ "teacher","Richard"},{ "pass","123"},});string msg = "teacher和pass完全相同时发送的消息";var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();props.Headers = new Dictionary<string, object>() {{ "teacher","Richard"},{ "pass","123"}};var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "HeaderExchange",routingKey: string.Empty,basicProperties: props,body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{msg}】已发送");}{string msg = "teacher和pass有一个不相同时发送的消息";var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties();props.Headers = new Dictionary<string, object>() {{ "teacher","Richard"},{ "pass","234"}};var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg);channel.BasicPublish(exchange: "HeaderExchange",routingKey: string.Empty,basicProperties: props,body: body);Console.WriteLine($"消息【{msg}】已发送");}}}Console.ReadKey();}
}
如果:{ “x-match”,“all”}, 发送消息的时候,带的参数列表必须和arguments参数中除了x-match以外,其他的必须都具备才能转发到对应的队列中去;
如果:{ “x-match”,“any”},发送消息的时候,带的参数列表必须和arguments参数中除了x-match以外,任何一个能够匹配就转发到该队列中去;
消费者
消费者同前面,因为这种交换机是对发布者的限制