cmake官方demo学习整理

概述

想将iconv编译进自己的DLL, 顺便学了一下用CMake来构建工程.
CMake官方demo(12个demo)提供的功能, 有点复杂.
就学了前4个demo, 初步用CMake来构建程序, 基本够用.

整理后的CMakeDemo目录结构

$ tree
.
├── CMakeLists.txt
├── config.h.in
├── main.cpp
├── my_lib_math
│   ├── CMakeLists.txt
│   ├── my_math.cpp
│   ├── my_math.def
│   └── my_math.h
└── README.txt1 directory, 8 files

主工程

CMakeLists.txt

# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR 默认是主CMakeLists.txt所在目录
# PROJECT_BINARY_DIR 是CMake . 所在的目录(e.g. ./build/)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 普通宏用set来定义, 在实现中就不能用#ifdef来判断这个宏了, 因为始终会为TRUE
# 如果是固定的宏, 都可以定义在CMakeLists.txt的头部
set(LINE_80 "--------------------------------------------------------------------------------")# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})
message(NOTICE "/CMakeLists.txt begin")
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 编译用的CMake版本要求
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 项目名称
project(prjCMakeDemo VERSION 1.0.0.0)
message(STATUS "PROJECT_NAME = ${PROJECT_NAME}")# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# C+=版本要求
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED True)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 定义编译宏
# 如果是哟个option来定义宏(BOOL量的开关宏), 可以在CMakeGUI中操作宏的打开和关闭, 可以在实现中用#ifdef来判断宏是否存在
option(USE_MYMATH "使用自己的数学库" ON)# 宏相关
if(USE_MYMATH)# 设置变量 - 自己的库名称set(MY_MATH_LIB_NAME my_lib_math)message (STATUS "MY_MATH_LIB_NAME = ${MY_MATH_LIB_NAME}")# 设置变量 - 自己的库全路径set(MY_MATH_LIB_DIR ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/my_lib_math)message (STATUS "MY_MATH_LIB_DIR = ${MY_MATH_LIB_DIR}")# endif 后面必须有() , e.g. endif(), 否则报错
endif()# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 更新配置文件模板到配置文件
# 让源码和CMake定义的宏之间能有交互
# 如果是要在配置模板中更新的宏, 如果还没定义, 可以在configure_file执行之前定义
configure_file(Config.h.in ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/Config.h)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 在addexe之前, 必须先添加子工程的CMakeLits.txt. 否则在addexe之后连接库时, 会找不到库
if(USE_MYMATH)# 如果使用了库, 就添加库工程的CMakeLists.txtadd_subdirectory(${MY_MATH_LIB_DIR})
endif()# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 添加此工程的头文件包含路径
set(MY_PRJ_INCLUDES "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}" "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include")message(STATUS "MY_PRJ_INCLUDES = ${MY_PRJ_INCLUDES}")# 添加此工程的包含路径
include_directories(${MY_PRJ_INCLUDES}
)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 更改exe输出路径为./bin
set(EXECUTABLE_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)# 添加自己的工程为exe
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME} main.cpp)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if(USE_MYMATH)# 包含库时的参数list(APPEND MY_PRJ_LIBS ${MY_MATH_LIB_NAME})message(STATUS "MY_PRJ_LIBS = ${MY_PRJ_LIBS}")# 库的包含路径, 由字库自己去设置给主工程用# target_link_libraries 参数:# 参数1 : 主工程的名称(要链接库到这个工程)# 参数2 : 要链接的库名称target_link_libraries(${PROJECT_NAME}${MY_PRJ_LIBS})
endif()message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})
message(NOTICE "/CMakeLists.txt END")
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})

config.h.in

// @file config.h#ifndef __CONFIG_H__
#define __CONFIG_H__#define PROJECT_NAME "@PROJECT_NAME@"
#define PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR @PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR@
#define PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR @PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR@
#define PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH @PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH@
#define PROJECT_VERSION_TWEAK @PROJECT_VERSION_TWEAK@
#define PROJECT_FULL_VERSION_STRING "@PROJECT_NAME@ v@PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR@.@PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR@.@PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH@.@PROJECT_VERSION_TWEAK@"// 如果在CMakeLists.txt中没有定义xx, #cmakedefine xx 就不会出现
// USE_MYMATH 是在CMakeLists.txt中用option定义出的开关宏
#cmakedefine USE_MYMATH#endif // #ifndef __CONFIG_H__

main.cpp

#include <iostream> // for std::cout
#include <cmath> // for sqrt#include "config.h"#ifdef USE_MYMATH
#  include "my_math.h"
#endifconst char* get_prjoect_full_version()
{return PROJECT_FULL_VERSION_STRING;
}int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{#ifdef USE_MYMATHprintf("USE_MYMATH\r\n");
#elseprintf("NOT_USE_MYMATH\r\n");
#endifprintf("%s v%d.%d.%d.%d\n", PROJECT_NAME,PROJECT_VERSION_MAJOR,PROJECT_VERSION_MINOR,PROJECT_VERSION_PATCH,PROJECT_VERSION_TWEAK);if (argc < 2) {printf("%s\n", get_prjoect_full_version());std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " number" << std::endl;return 1;}const double inputValue = atof(argv[1]);#ifdef USE_MYMATHconst double outputValue = mysqrt(inputValue);
#elseconst double outputValue = sqrt(inputValue);
#endifstd::cout << "The square root of " << inputValue << " is " << outputValue<< std::endl;return 0;
}

README.txt

# @file README.txt# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# how to build
# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
clear && mkdir ./build && cd ./build
clear && rm ./* -rf && cmake .. && cmake --build .

DLL工程

CMakeLists.txt

# @file my_lib_math/CMakeLists.txt# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 子工程可以用父工程定义的宏, 在自己的工程中不用重复定义. e.g. LINE_80# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})
message(NOTICE "/my_lib_math/CMakeLists.txt begin")
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 更改库工程输出目录为./bin
set(LIBRARY_OUTPUT_PATH ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin)# 添加自己的工程为库
# add_library(<name> [STATIC | SHARED | MODULE]
# add_library 参数2可选项, STATIC 为静态库, SHARE 为动态库. 如果不写, 默认为静态库
add_library(my_lib_math SHARED my_math.cpp)# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 在库的CMakeLists.txt中添加库包含路径时, 库路径前必须有 INTERFACE, 否则报错
target_include_directories(my_lib_mathINTERFACE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})# --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})
message(NOTICE "/my_lib_math/CMakeLists.txt END")
message(NOTICE ${LINE_80})

my_math.cpp

// @file my_math.cpp#include "my_math.h"#include <iostream>double mysqrt(double x)
{if (x <= 0) {return 0;}double result = x;// do ten iterationsfor (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {if (result <= 0) {result = 0.1;}double delta = x - (result * result);result = result + 0.5 * delta / result;std::cout << "Computing sqrt of " << x << " to be " << result << std::endl;}return result;
}void _stdcall my_dll_fn(void)
{}

my_math.h

// @file my_math.h#ifndef __MY_MATH_H__
#define __MY_MATH_H__double mysqrt(double x);#endif // #ifndef __MY_MATH_H__

my_math.def

LIBRARY my_lib_math
; dll export function defineVERSION     1.0EXPORTSmysqrt  @2my_dll_fn @1

备注

用VS做DLL, 只有标记哪个函数要导出才会导出.
用cygwin64 + cmake, 默认是将DLL工程中所有函数都导出了. 函数暴露的有点多.
本来想着隐藏DLL中的导出函数, 但是加入.def不好使, 全部导出了. 以后再研究.

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