开源软件和自由软件_自由和开源软件的经济学

开源软件和自由软件

零边际成本 (Zero Marginal Cost)

At the core of the financial aspects of Free and Open Source is the zero negligible expense of merchandise in an environment that is digital. Right now, the rise of Free and Open Source speaks to an affirmation of old-style microeconomic value hypothesis - that a marginal cost in an ideal market approximates the minimal expense. From this point of view, Free and Open Source can be comprehended as a pioneer in arriving at what can be comprehended as a developmentally steady powerful Nash balance in a genuinely free market. Marginal cost is the term utilized in the study of financial aspects and business to allude to the increment in the actual development cost coming about because of delivering one extra unit of the product.

自由和开源的财务方面的核心是在数字化环境中商品的零费用可忽略不计。目前，免费和开放源代码的兴起证明了一种老式的微观经济价值假说-理想市场中的边际成本近似于最小费用。从这个角度来看，自由和开放源码可以理解为在真正的自由市场上可以实现发展稳定的强大纳什平衡的先驱。边际成本是用于财务方面和业务研究的术语，指的是由于交付多一单位产品而导致的实际开发成本的增加。

创收机会 (Opportunities for Income-Generation)

While contributing time and exertion in creating, improving and documenting Free and Open Source doesn't give any immediate salary, the improvement of skill in Free and Open Source gives an expansive scope of revenue generation opportunities - from producing in-house investment funds from upgrades to Free and Open Source to counseling openings in installing, preparing, customizing and the arrangement of TechSupport for Free and Open Source establishments. Yochai Benkler furnishes a fantastic investigation - with IBM's strategy as a key model - of ways that salary and riches are being created through open source and open substance techniques.

尽管在创建，改进和记录免费和开源方面投入时间和精力并没有立即产生薪水，但免费和开源技术方面的改进却提供了广泛的创收机会范围-通过升级产生内部投资基金免费和开源，以指导安装，准备，定制和安排TechSupport for Free and Open Source机构的职位空缺。 Yochai Benkler用IBM的战略作为关键模型，对通过开源和开放实质技术来创造薪水和财富的方式进行了一次奇妙的调查。

传统软件在商业上使用的问题 (Issues with Traditional software's used commercially)

First, it ought to be noticed that the business software industry is one of the biggest and most significant ventures on the planet. The ascent of the Open Source development doesn't spell the finish of the business software industry. Numerous individuals contend that business software can be strengthened by the utilization of open-source strategies. Business software is intended to give an item worth paying to and its majority is. Regardless of its sticker price, business software is frequently in demand.

首先，应该注意到，商业软件行业是地球上最大，最重要的企业之一。开源开发的兴起并不意味着商业软件行业的终结。许多人争辩说，可以通过利用开源策略来增强商务软件。商业软件旨在提供一个值得支付的项目，而它的大多数是。无论标价如何，都经常需要商务软件。

Business products will be refreshed much of the time to mirror the fluctuating requests of the market and client needs. These necessities can prompt software rehearses that rework and change the product too as often as possible, or disperse beta forms as business attempts bringing about high paces of bugs in early forms.
Some business programs are over structured and written in messy code prompting enlarged, slow, running projects. Open Source by differentiating is driven by the necessities of the end clients. Along these lines, their code is regularly of a predominant bore than that of software engineers in the business condition. There is likewise generally an extremely broad level of input as the software engineers test their products with a wide system of individuals.

商业产品将在大部分时间更新，以反映市场不断变化的需求和客户需求。这些必要性可以促使软件演练尽可能多地进行返工和更改产品，或者随着业务尝试带来早期形式的大量错误而分散beta形式。
一些业务程序的结构过于复杂，并以凌乱的代码编写，从而提示了扩大，运行缓慢的项目。最终客户的需求推动了差异化的开源。遵循这些原则，在业务条件下，他们的代码通常比软件工程师的代码更为重要。通常，随着软件工程师使用广泛的个人系统测试其产品，通常会有非常广泛的输入。

At the point when source code is accessible, it tends to be checked against different "secondary passages" and other security openings that might be deliberately or accidentally left in the closed source programming. In the past, such gaps have been found in different exclusive items, including software, utilized by the legislature. Having source code additionally implies that the product can be effectively ported to run under various processors, gadget or OS.

在可以访问源代码的时候，往往会针对不同的“辅助通道”和其他可能在封闭源代码编程中有意或无意留下的安全性漏洞进行检查。过去，在立法机关使用的不同专有项目(包括软件)中发现了这种差距。具有源代码还意味着该产品可以有效地移植以在各种处理器，小工具或OS下运行。

Another issue with customary business software is its closed nature. There is generally no or restricted opportunity to alter the copyrighted item.

常规商务软件的另一个问题是其封闭性。通常，没有机会或受限制的机会来更改受版权保护的项目。

Additionally, organizations frequently power clients to follow update ways that they may not wish to follow. Open-source Software empowers the person to tweak the product to his end needs in all opportunities.

此外，组织经常激励客户遵循他们不希望遵循的更新方式。开源软件使人们可以在所有机会中根据自己的最终需求调整产品。

Another vigorously censured part of business software is that clients are regularly secured to an item because to continue utilizing information documents you are frequently compelled to keep on utilizing a similar program. If you wish to impart documents to clients that have overhauled, you frequently need to update yourself or be discounted as unessential. Since open-source programming permits contending projects to share various information record types, there is no motivation to be caught into any one program. If a more current adaptation has another record group, at that point there regularly are converters that permit clients of more established variants to keep up their information documents forward-thinking.

商业软件的另一个受到严格谴责的部分是，由于要继续利用信息文档，您经常被迫继续使用类似程序，因此客户会定期固定在某项产品上。如果您希望将文件提供给已大修的客户，则经常需要更新自己或打折，因为这是不必要的。由于开放源代码编程允许竞争项目共享各种信息记录类型，因此没有动机被任何一个程序所吸引。如果最新的改编版本具有另一个记录组，则在那时通常会使用转换器，以允许更多已建立版本的客户保持其信息文档的前瞻性。

免费而不是免费 (Free not as in free of Cost)

While Free and Open Source is allowed to the end client, there is an expense related to building up the product. These expenses might be littler than creating exclusive programming since building up the task under Free and Open Source permit implies that:

尽管最终客户可以使用免费和开放源码，但是与构建产品有关的费用很高。这些费用可能比创建专用程序要少，因为在“自由和开源”许可下建立任务意味着：

Various online interfaces like Source Forge would offer web facilitating, content store, mailing records and other basic highlights for nothing.
The expense of promoting a Free and Open Source venture (like introducing it in the related gatherings) is typically lower.

Source Forge之类的各种在线界面将提供便利的Web服务，内容存储，邮件记录和其他基本要点。
促进自由和开源事业的费用(例如在相关聚会中进行介绍)通常较低。

Creating something under GPL may give free access to top-notch parts (like QT) that are in any case costly to purchase or not accessible by any stretch of the imagination.
All things considered; improvement of any product initially requires the designer time. Without a doubt, extremely famous activities may hope to get an excellent code commitment for nothing.

在GPL下创建内容可以免费访问一流的零件(例如QT)，这些零件无论如何购买都昂贵，或者无法通过任何想象力访问。
所有的情况都被考虑到了; 任何产品的改进最初都需要设计者花费时间。毫无疑问，极其著名的活动可能希望对代码一无所获。