二分查找:
- 数据需要是顺序表(数组)
- 数据必须有序
- 可以一次排序,多次查找;如果数据频繁插入,删除操作,就必须保证每次操作后有序,或者查找前继续排序,这样成本高,二分查找不合适
- 数据太小,不用二分查找,直接遍历
- 数据太大,也不用,因为数组需要连续的内存,存储数据比较吃力
- 复杂度 lg2n
题目: 求一个数的平方根
-
例如:二分法求根号5
a:折半: 5/2=2.5
b:平方校验: 2.5*2.5=6.25>5,并且得到当前上限2.5
c:再次向下折半:2.5/2=1.25
d:平方校验:1.25*1.25=1.5625<5,得到当前下限1.25
e:再次折半:2.5-(2.5-1.25)/2=1.875
f:平方校验:1.875*1.875=3.515625<5,得到当前下限1.875
循环求解:
#include<iostream>
double rootbinarysearch(double num)
{if(num == 1)return 1;double lower = 1, upper = num, curValue;if(lower > upper)std::swap(lower,upper);while(upper-lower > 0.00000001){curValue = lower+(upper-lower)/2;if(curValue*curValue < num)lower = curValue;elseupper = curValue;}return curValue;
}int main()
{double x;std::cin >> x;std::cout << x << "的平方根是 " << rootbinarysearch(x);return 0;
}
递归求解:
/*** @description: 求根号n,递归法* @author: michael ming* @date: 2019/4/15 23:05* @modified by: */
#include <iostream>
double rootbinarysearch_R(double num, double upper, double lower)
{if(num == 1)return 1;if(lower > upper)std::swap(lower,upper);double curValue = lower+(upper-lower)/2;if(upper-lower < 0.00000001)return curValue;if(curValue*curValue < num)return rootbinarysearch_R(num,curValue,upper);elsereturn rootbinarysearch_R(num,lower,curValue);
}int main()
{double x;std::cin >> x;std::cout << x << "的平方根是 " << rootbinarysearch_R(x,x,1);return 0;
}