Hibernate是什么：

Hibernate 架构：

下载、安装、必要的 jar包、环境CLASSPAST的设置（此步骤省略）

Hibernate框架的使用步骤：

1、创建Hibernate的配置文件（hibernate.cfg.xml）
2、创建持久化类，即事实上例须要保存到数据库中的类（User.java）
3、创建对象-关系映射文件（User.hbm.xml）

4、通过Hibernate API编写訪问数据库的代码

配置文件 hibernate.cfg.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration SYSTEM 
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-configuration><session-factory><property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property><property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property><!-- Assume testone is the database name --><property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost/testone</property><property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property><property name="hibernate.connection.password">yanfei</property><property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property><!-- List of XML mapping files --><mapping resource="resource/Employee.hbm.xml" /></session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

创建持久化类：

package com.jiangge.hblearn;/*** @author jiangge* */
public class Employee
{private int id;private String firstName;private String lastName;private int salary;public Employee(){}public Employee(String firstName, String lastName, int salary){super();this.firstName = firstName;this.lastName = lastName;this.salary = salary;}public int getId(){return id;}public void setId(int id){this.id = id;}public String getFirstName(){return firstName;}public void setFirstName(String firstName){this.firstName = firstName;}public String getLastName(){return lastName;}public void setLastName(String lastName){this.lastName = lastName;}public int getSalary(){return salary;}public void setSalary(int salary){this.salary = salary;}
}

创建数据库中的表：

create table EMPLOYEE (id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,first_name VARCHAR(20) default NULL,last_name  VARCHAR(20) default NULL,salary     INT  default NULL,PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

配置文件--映射文件Employee.hbm.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"><hibernate-mapping><class name="com.jiangge.hblearn.Employee" table="EMPLOYEE"><meta attribute="class-description">This class contains the employee detail.</meta><id name="id" column="id" type="int"><generator class="native" /></id><property name="firstName" column="first_name" type="string" /><property name="lastName" column="last_name" type="string" /><property name="salary" column="salary" type="int" /></class>
</hibernate-mapping>

创建測试文件--CURD操作：

package com.jiangge.hblearn;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Iterator;import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;/*** hibernate CRUD操作* @author jiangge*/
public class ManageEmployee
{private static SessionFactory factory;public static void main(String[] args){try{factory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();} catch (Throwable ex){System.err.println("Failed to create sessionFactory object." + ex);throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex);}ManageEmployee ME = new ManageEmployee();/* Add few employee records in database */Integer empID1 = ME.addEmployee("Zara", "Ali", 1000);Integer empID2 = ME.addEmployee("Daisy", "Das", 5000);Integer empID3 = ME.addEmployee("John", "Paul", 10000);/* List down all the employees */ME.listEmployees();/* Update employee's records */ME.updateEmployee(empID1, 5000);/* Delete an employee from the database */ME.deleteEmployee(empID2);/* List down new list of the employees */ME.listEmployees();}/* Method to CREATE an employee in the database */public Integer addEmployee(String fname, String lname, int salary){Session session = factory.openSession();Transaction tx = null;Integer employeeID = null;try{tx = session.beginTransaction();Employee employee = new Employee(fname, lname, salary);employeeID = (Integer) session.save(employee);tx.commit();} catch (HibernateException e){if (tx != null)tx.rollback();e.printStackTrace();} finally{session.close();}return employeeID;}/* Method to READ all the employees */public void listEmployees(){Session session = factory.openSession();Transaction tx = null;try{tx = session.beginTransaction();List employees = session.createQuery("FROM Employee").list();for (Iterator iterator = employees.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();){Employee employee = (Employee) iterator.next();System.out.print("First Name: " + employee.getFirstName());System.out.print("  Last Name: " + employee.getLastName());System.out.println("  Salary: " + employee.getSalary());}tx.commit();} catch (HibernateException e){if (tx != null)tx.rollback();e.printStackTrace();} finally{session.close();}}/* Method to UPDATE salary for an employee */public void updateEmployee(Integer EmployeeID, int salary){Session session = factory.openSession();Transaction tx = null;try{tx = session.beginTransaction();Employee employee = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);employee.setSalary(salary);session.update(employee);tx.commit();}catch (HibernateException e){if (tx != null)tx.rollback();e.printStackTrace();} finally{session.close();}}/* Method to DELETE an employee from the records */public void deleteEmployee(Integer EmployeeID){Session session = factory.openSession();Transaction tx = null;try{tx = session.beginTransaction();Employee employee = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, EmployeeID);session.delete(employee);tx.commit();}catch (HibernateException e){if (tx != null)tx.rollback();e.printStackTrace();} finally{session.close();}}
}

执行结果，IDE的Console输出：

log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (org.hibernate.cfg.Environment).
log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly.
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (first_name, last_name, salary) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (first_name, last_name, salary) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: insert into EMPLOYEE (first_name, last_name, salary) values (?, ?, ?)
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_
First Name: Zara  Last Name: Ali  Salary: 1000
First Name: Daisy  Last Name: Das  Salary: 5000
First Name: John  Last Name: Paul  Salary: 10000
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_ where employee0_.id=?
Hibernate: update EMPLOYEE set first_name=?, last_name=?, salary=? where id=?
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_ where employee0_.id=?
Hibernate: delete from EMPLOYEE where id=?
Hibernate: select employee0_.id as id0_, employee0_.first_name as first2_0_, employee0_.last_name as last3_0_, employee0_.salary as salary0_ from EMPLOYEE employee0_
First Name: Zara  Last Name: Ali  Salary: 5000
First Name: John  Last Name: Paul  Salary: 10000

MySQL数据库数据：

mysql> select * from EMPLOYEE;
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
| id | first_name | last_name | salary |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
|  1 | Zara       | Ali       |   5000 |
|  3 | John       | Paul      |  10000 |
+----+------------+-----------+--------+
2 rows in set

參考文献：

1、英文： http://www.tutorialspoint.com/hibernate/hibernate_quick_guide.htm

2、中文：http://blog.csdn.net/zs234/article/details/9212045 入门系列文章

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Hibernate框架的使用步骤：