python项目构建工具zc.buildout

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/u011630575/article/details/52940099

buildout简介

Buildout 是一个基于Python的构建工具, Buildout 主要是为了解决两个问题:

中心化的应用组装和部署
重复的从Python软件发布中组装项目

通过一个配置文件 buildout.cfg , 可以从多个部分创建、组装并部署你的应用, 能够构建一个封闭隔离的开发环境.

buildout安装

pip install zc.buildout

buildout使用

# 目录名可以随便起
$ mkdir decstree
$ cd decstree

$ buildout init

查看buildout后的目录结构

├── bin
│   └── buildout
├── buildout.cfg
├── develop-eggs
├── eggs
│   ├── setuptools-18.4-py2.7.egg
│   └── zc.buildout-2.4.6-py2.7.egg └── parts

配置buildout.cfg文件

[buildout] # 脚本入口
show-picked-versions =true# 显示所安装的版本
parts =app# 相当于入口执行的子函数, 可以设置多个parts[app] # 编写子函数app的逻辑
recipe =zc.recipe.egg# 除了recipe其他都是选项都被认为是recipe的参数
eggs =pymongo #需要安装的依赖zone
interpreter =python# 设置要安装的解释器

保存后, 然后执行

$ buildout

buildout的流程, 先调用 [buildout] , 然后发现parts中有app这个子函数, 然后调用app这个子函数的逻辑, app中除了recipe, 其他都被认为是recipe的桉树, 当调用eggs时, buildout发现这些包没有被安装, 于是自动安装包并存放在 eggs目录下

buildout会在eggs目录下安装zc.buildout, pymongo

在bin目录下生

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-fromsetuptoolsimportsetup, find_packagessetup(name='test',# 此处填写包名version='0.0.1',author='andrewliu',author_email='liu.bin.coder@gmail.com',description='This is just a test',license='PRIVATE',keyword='test',packages=find_packages('apps'),install_requires=[
'nose',# 此处填写需要的包
'pymongo',
'mysql-python',
'redis',],
)

并修改buildout.cfg文件

[buildout]
develop =.
show-picked-versions =true
parts =app[app]
recipe =zc.recipe.egg
eggs =test
interpreter =python

再次执行buildout, 会解析setup.py的数据, 并安装 install_requires 中填写的所有包, 并且会通过 packages=find_packages 将当前目录加入到 sys.path

# 执行buildout可得到下面输出. 会安装buildout和setup.py中的所有包
[versions]
MySQL-python =1.2.5
setuptools =18.5
zc.buildout =2.4.7
zc.recipe.egg =2.0.3# Required by:
# test==0.0.1
nose =1.3.7# Required by:
# test==0.0.1
pymongo =3.1# Required by: # test==0.0.1 redis =2.10.5

可以看到setup.py中的需求包全被安装了!!!

验证有效性

# 创建test文件, 添加代码
$ vim test_path.py#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-importsysif__name__ =='__main__': print(sys.path)

现在我们需要使用当前目录bin下的可执行文件python来运行代码

$ bin/pythontest_path.py

运行结果如下

['/Users/andrew_liu/Zhihu/buildout/buildout', '/Users/andrew_liu/Zhihu/buildout/buildout/eggs/redis-2.10.5-py2.7.egg', '/Users/andrew_liu/Zhihu/buildout/buildout/eggs/MySQL_python-1.2.5-py2.7-macosx-10.10-intel.egg', '/Users/andrew_liu/Zhihu/buildout/buildout/eggs/pymongo-3.1-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg', '/Users/andrew_liu/Zhihu/buildout/buildout/eggs/nose-1.3.7-py2.7.egg', '/Users/andrew_liu/Zhihu/buildout/buildout/bin', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/distribute-0.6.49-py2.7.egg', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python27.zip', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-darwin', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/plat-mac/lib-scriptpackages', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-tk', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-old', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/lib-dynload', '/System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/Extras/lib/python/PyObjC', '/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages']