题目分析

就是一道模拟题，但是细节有点多。
写代码两个小时，调试代码用了两天。。。很长时间不刷题了，这道虽然算法简单但是细节满满的题目对我来说是一个很好的热身。

尽量不要去使用匿名名字空间，发现对调试过程不怎么友好（陈硕大大说的对）。
使用枚举类型对程序的可读性、可维护性的提升非常大
重载输入输出运算符的时候一定要记得返回stream对象
这种带有switch语句的，可以使用Stragety模式，这里没有使用，因为每条语句只有执行，没有复杂的行为
多组数据一定要有init函数清空数据
使用智能指针不要用引用，这一点点内存的消耗不算什么，但是使用引用往往会带来错误：当我们在对象内部不小心将其释放掉的时候就会产生段错误，而且很难排查
良好的抽象是巧妙设计的基础，每个类应该只负责其分内的事，不要尝试让其去做超过他权限的事，因为这样往往会让事情一团糟。封装、抽象能够帮助我们处理复杂的情况。
通过ulimit -c unlimited命令开启生成core文件可以帮助进行调试
gdb调试开始的时候可以使用run < input.txt重定向输入和输出
cgdb真好用

AC代码

#include <iostream>
#include <array>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <deque>
#include <memory>using namespace std;namespace {
enum TYPE {ASSIGN, PRINT, LOCK, UNLOCK, END
};
int n, quantum;constexpr int MAXN = 26;
array<int, MAXN> alpha = {};bool lock = false;
class Statement {
public:static constexpr int MAXN = 5;static array<int, MAXN> cost;static void init();string line;TYPE type;int var;int constant;int exec();friend istream& operator >> (istream& is, Statement &self);friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Statement &self);
};class Program {
public:vector<Statement> statements;int idx = 0;int id;bool exec();Program(int _id) : id(_id) {}friend istream& operator >> (istream& is, Program& self);friend ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Program &self);
};
deque<shared_ptr<Program>> readyQueue, blockedQueue;
shared_ptr<Program> p;ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Statement &self) {
//    os << self.type;switch (self.type) {case ASSIGN:os << static_cast<char>('a' + self.var) << " = " << self.constant;break;case PRINT:os << "print " << static_cast<char>('a' + self.var);break;case LOCK:os << "lock";break;case UNLOCK:os << "unlock";break;case END:os << "end";break;}return os;
}ostream& operator << (ostream& os, const Program &self) {os << "ID:" << self.id << "\n";for (auto s : self.statements) {os << s << "\n";}os << "\n";return os;
}int Statement::exec() {switch (type) {case ASSIGN:
//        cout << "Test:" << line << endl;
//        cout << "Test:" << readyQueue.front()->id << " " << static_cast<char>('a' + var) << " = " << constant << endl;alpha[var] = constant;return cost[type];break;case PRINT:cout << p->id << ": " << alpha[var] << "\n";return cost[type];break;case END:
//        readyQueue.pop_front();
//        cout << "Test:" << type << " " << cost[type] << endl;
//        for (int i = 0; i < Statement::MAXN; ++i) {
//            cout << cost[i] << " ";
//        }
//        cout << endl;return cost[type];break;case LOCK:if (lock) {blockedQueue.push_back(p);return -1;} else {lock = true;return cost[type];}break;case UNLOCK:if (!blockedQueue.empty()) {readyQueue.push_front(blockedQueue.front());blockedQueue.pop_front();}lock = false;return cost[type];default:break;}
}bool Program::exec() {int time = quantum;while (time > 0) {int ret = statements[idx].exec();if (ret == -1) {//lockreturn false;}if (++idx == statements.size()) {//endreturn false;}time -= ret;}return true;
}constexpr int Statement::MAXN;
array<int, Statement::MAXN> Statement::cost;void Statement::init() {for (int i = 0; i < MAXN; ++i) cin >> cost[i];
}istream& operator >> (istream& is, Statement &self) {auto &line = self.line;getline(is, line);if (line[1] == ' ') {self.type = ASSIGN;self.var = line[0] - 'a';self.constant = stoi(line.substr(4));} else if (line[0] == 'p') {self.type = PRINT;self.var = line[6] - 'a';} else if (line[0] == 'l') {self.type = LOCK;} else if (line[0] == 'u') {self.type = UNLOCK;} else {self.type = END;}return is;
}
istream& operator >> (istream& is, Program& self) {auto &s = self.statements;do {s.push_back(Statement());is >> s.back();} while(s.back().type != END);return is;
}}void init() {readyQueue.clear();blockedQueue.clear();std::fill(alpha.begin(), alpha.end(), 0);lock = false;
}int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ios::sync_with_stdio(false);int T, id = 0;cin >> T;for (int caseIdx = 0; caseIdx < T; ++caseIdx) {if (caseIdx) cout << "\n";init();cin >> n;Statement::init();cin >> quantum;string line;getline(cin, line);for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {readyQueue.push_back(make_shared<Program>(i + 1));cin >> *readyQueue.back();}
//        for (auto p : readyQueue) {
//            cout << *p;
//        }while (!readyQueue.empty()) {//TODO:加上了&导致出错p = readyQueue.front();readyQueue.pop_front();if (p->exec()) {readyQueue.push_back(p);}
//            cout << "Test:[readyQueue]\n";
//            for (auto p : readyQueue) {
//                cout << *p;
//            }
//            cout << "Test:[blockedQueue]\n";
//            for (auto p : blockedQueue) {
//                cout << *p;
//            }
//            cout << flush;}
//        cout << "====================================\n";}return 0;
}