我们用fhq treap来完成这一题

对于一个新插入的节点我们取权值为其索引值，其所记录的$value$是其当前索引所在位置。

操作一：把索引为$value$的点放到平衡树前面，分别别得到三颗子树$x,y,z$（前段子树，索引为$value$所代表的子树，后段子树），同时把$val[y]$修改成全局最小，然后按照顺序$merge(y,x,z)$。

操作二：与操作一类似得到$x,y,z$，然后把$val[y]$改成全局最大，按照顺序$merge(x,z,y)$。

操作三：$t=0$不做操作，$t=1$得到四颗子树$x,y,z,w$（前段子树，$value$所代表的子树，$value$的后继，后端子树），交换信息，然后按照顺序$merge(x,z,y,w)$，$t=-1$得到四颗子树$x,y,z,w$（前段子树，$value$的前驱，$value$所代表的子树，后端子树），交换信息，然后按照顺序$merge(x,z,y,w)$。

操作四：按照值分裂成两棵树，然后输出第一颗树的大小即可。

操作五：直接查找第$k$大即可。

#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;const int N = 1e5 + 10;mt19937 rnd(233);int minn, maxn;struct Tree {int ls[N], rs[N], val[N], sz[N], key[N], root, cnt;void push_up(int rt) {sz[rt] = sz[ls[rt]] + sz[rs[rt]] + 1;}int new_node(int value, int pos) {val[value] = pos, sz[value] = 1, key[value] = rnd();return value;}void split(int rt, int value, int &x, int &y) {if (!rt) {x = y = 0;return ;}if (val[rt] <= value) {x = rt;split(rs[rt], value, rs[rt], y);}else {y = rt;split(ls[rt], value, x, ls[rt]);}push_up(rt);}int merge(int x, int y) {if (!x || !y) {return x | y;}if (key[x] < key[y]) {rs[x] = merge(rs[x], y);push_up(x);return x;}else {ls[y] = merge(x, ls[y]);push_up(y);return y;}}int get_num(int rt, int rank) {while (rt) {if (sz[ls[rt]] + 1 == rank) {break;}if (sz[ls[rt]] >= rank) {rt = ls[rt];}else {rank -= sz[ls[rt]] + 1;rt = rs[rt];}}return rt;}int get_num(int rank) {return get_num(root, rank);}void insert(int value, int pos) {int x, y;split(root, pos, x, y);root = merge(merge(x, new_node(value, pos)), y);}void update(int value, int op) {int x, y, z;split(root, val[value], x, z);split(x, val[value] - 1, x, y);if (op) {val[value] = --minn;root = merge(merge(y, x), z);}else {val[value] = ++maxn;root = merge(merge(x, z), y);}}void reverse(int value, int op) {if (!op) {return ;}if (op == 1) {int x, y, z, w;split(root, val[value], x, z);split(x, val[value] - 1, x, y);int t = get_num(z, 1);split(z, val[t], z, w);swap(val[y], val[z]);root = merge(merge(x, z), merge(y, w));}else {int x, y, z, w;split(root, val[value] - 1, x, z);split(z, val[value], z, w);int t = get_num(x, sz[x]);split(x, val[t] - 1, x, y);swap(val[y], val[z]);root = merge(merge(x, z), merge(y, w));}}int get_rank(int value) {int x, y, ans;split(root, val[value] - 1, x, y);ans = sz[x];root = merge(x, y);return ans;}
}tree;int main() {// freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);// freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);// ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);int n, m;scanf("%d %d", &n, &m);minn = 1, maxn = n;for (int i = 1, x; i <= n; i++) {scanf("%d", &x);tree.insert(x, i);}char op[10];for (int i = 1, s, t; i <= m; i++) {scanf("%s %d", op, &s);if (op[0] == 'T') {tree.update(s, 1);}else if (op[0] == 'B') {tree.update(s, 0);}else if (op[0] == 'I') {scanf("%d", &t);tree.reverse(s, t);}else if (op[0] == 'A') {printf("%d\n", tree.get_rank(s));}else {printf("%d\n", tree.get_num(s));}}return 0;
}