导数卷积
有f(x)=∑i=0n−1ai×xi求g(x)=∑i=0n−1f(i)(x)f(n−i−1)(x)∑i=0n−1∑j=0n−1ai+j(i+j)!j!∑k=0n−1ak+(n−i−1)(k+(n−i−1))!k!设F(n)=an×n!我们单独求解g(x)的第m项,有gm=∑i=0n−1∑j=1d(F(i+j)∗F(n−i−1+d−j))×(1j!∗1(d−j)!)设H(n)=1n!有f(x) = \sum_{i = 0} ^{n - 1}a_i \times x ^ i\\ 求g(x) = \sum_{i = 0} ^{n - 1}f ^{(i)}(x) f^{(n - i - 1)}(x)\\ \sum_{i = 0} ^{n - 1} \sum_{j = 0} ^{n - 1} a_{i + j} \frac{(i + j)!}{j!} \sum_{k = 0} ^{n - 1} a_{k + (n - i - 1)} \frac{(k + (n - i - 1))!}{k!}\\ 设F(n) = a_{n} \times n !\\ 我们单独求解g(x)的第m项,有g_m = \sum_{i = 0} ^{n - 1} \sum_{j = 1} ^{d} (F(i + j) * F(n - i - 1 + d - j )) \times (\frac{1}{j!}* \frac{1}{(d - j)!})\\ 设H(n) = \frac{1}{n!}\\ 有f(x)=i=0∑n−1ai×xi求g(x)=i=0∑n−1f(i)(x)f(n−i−1)(x)i=0∑n−1j=0∑n−1ai+jj!(i+j)!k=0∑n−1ak+(n−i−1)k!(k+(n−i−1))!设F(n)=an×n!我们单独求解g(x)的第m项,有gm=i=0∑n−1j=1∑d(F(i+j)∗F(n−i−1+d−j))×(j!1∗(d−j)!1)设H(n)=n!1
这里就可以看成是(∑i=0n−1F(i)×F(n−1+d−i))×(∑i=0dH(i)×H(d−i))(\sum\limits_{i = 0} ^{n - 1}F(i) \times F(n - 1 + d - i)) \times (\sum\limits_{i = 0} ^{d} H(i) \times H(d - i))(i=0∑n−1F(i)×F(n−1+d−i))×(i=0∑dH(i)×H(d−i)),也就是先对左右两边做卷积,然后相乘即可。
#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;const int mod = 998244353, inv2 = mod + 1 >> 1;namespace Quadratic_residue {struct Complex {int r, i;Complex(int _r = 0, int _i = 0) : r(_r), i(_i) {}};int I2;Complex operator * (const Complex &a, Complex &b) {return Complex((1ll * a.r * b.r % mod + 1ll * a.i * b.i % mod * I2 % mod) % mod, (1ll * a.r * b.i % mod + 1ll * a.i * b.r % mod) % mod);}Complex quick_pow(Complex a, int n) {Complex ans = Complex(1, 0);while (n) {if (n & 1) {ans = ans * a;}a = a * a;n >>= 1;}return ans;}int get_residue(int n) {mt19937 e(233);if (n == 0) {return 0;}if(quick_pow(n, (mod - 1) >> 1).r == mod - 1) {return -1;}uniform_int_distribution<int> r(0, mod - 1);int a = r(e);while(quick_pow((1ll * a * a % mod - n + mod) % mod, (mod - 1) >> 1).r == 1) {a = r(e);}I2 = (1ll * a * a % mod - n + mod) % mod;int x = quick_pow(Complex(a, 1), (mod + 1) >> 1).r, y = mod - x;if(x > y) swap(x, y);return x;}
}const int N = 1e6 + 10;int r[N], inv[N], b[N], c[N], d[N], e[N], t[N];int quick_pow(int a, int n) {int ans = 1;while (n) {if (n & 1) {ans = 1ll * a * ans % mod;}a = 1ll * a * a % mod;n >>= 1;}return ans;
}void get_r(int lim) {for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {r[i] = (i & 1) * (lim >> 1) + (r[i >> 1] >> 1);}
}void get_inv(int n) {inv[1] = 1;for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {inv[i] = 1ll * (mod - mod / i) * inv[mod % i] % mod;}
}void NTT(int *f, int lim, int rev) {for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {if (i < r[i]) {swap(f[i], f[r[i]]);}}for (int mid = 1; mid < lim; mid <<= 1) {int wn = quick_pow(3, (mod - 1) / (mid << 1));for (int len = mid << 1, cur = 0; cur < lim; cur += len) {int w = 1;for (int k = 0; k < mid; k++, w = 1ll * w * wn % mod) {int x = f[cur + k], y = 1ll * w * f[cur + mid + k] % mod;f[cur + k] = (x + y) % mod, f[cur + mid + k] = (x - y + mod) % mod;}}}if (rev == -1) {int inv = quick_pow(lim, mod - 2);reverse(f + 1, f + lim);for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {f[i] = 1ll * f[i] * inv % mod;}}
}void polyinv(int *f, int *g, int n) {if (n == 1) {g[0] = quick_pow(f[0], mod - 2);return ;}polyinv(f, g, n + 1 >> 1);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {t[i] = f[i];}int lim = 1;while (lim < 2 * n) {lim <<= 1;}get_r(lim);NTT(t, lim, 1);NTT(g, lim, 1);for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {int cur = (2 - 1ll * g[i] * t[i] % mod + mod) % mod;g[i] = 1ll * g[i] * cur % mod;t[i] = 0;}NTT(g, lim, -1);for (int i = n; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = 0;}
}void polysqrt(int *f, int *g, int n) {if (n == 1) {g[0] = Quadratic_residue::get_residue(f[0]);return ;}polysqrt(f, g, n + 1 >> 1);polyinv(g, b, n);int lim = 1;while (lim < 2 * n) {lim <<= 1;}get_r(lim);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {t[i] = f[i];}NTT(g, lim, 1);NTT(b, lim, 1);NTT(t, lim, 1);for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = (1ll * inv2 * g[i] % mod + 1ll * inv2 * b[i] % mod * t[i] % mod) % mod;b[i] = t[i] = 0;}NTT(g, lim, -1);for (int i = n; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = 0;}
}void derivative(int *a, int *b, int n) {for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {b[i] = 1ll * a[i + 1] * (i + 1) % mod;}
}void integrate(int *a, int n) {for (int i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--) {a[i] = 1ll * a[i - 1] * inv[i] % mod;}a[0] = 0;
}void polyln(int *f, int *g, int n) {polyinv(f, b, n);derivative(f, g, n);int lim = 1;while (lim < 2 * n) {lim <<= 1;}get_r(lim);NTT(g, lim, 1);NTT(b, lim, 1);for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = 1ll * g[i] * b[i] % mod;b[i] = 0;}NTT(g, lim, -1);for (int i = n; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = 0;}integrate(g, n);
}void polyexp(int *f, int *g, int n) {if (n == 1) {g[0] = 1;return ;}polyexp(f, g, n + 1 >> 1);int lim = 1;while (lim < 2 * n) {lim <<= 1;}polyln(g, d, n);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {t[i] = (f[i] - d[i] + mod) % mod;}t[0] = (t[0] + 1) % mod;get_r(lim);NTT(g, lim, 1);NTT(t, lim, 1);for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = 1ll * g[i] * t[i] % mod;t[i] = d[i] = 0;}NTT(g, lim, -1);for (int i = n; i < lim; i++) {g[i] = 0;}
}/*b存放多项式逆,c存放多项式开根,d存放多项式对数ln,e存放多项式指数exp,t作为中间转移数组,如果要用到polyln,得提前调用get_inv(n)先预先得到我们想要得到的逆元范围。
*/int A[N], B[N], f[N], invf[N], n;int main() {// freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);// freopen("out.txt", "w", stdout);// ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(0), cout.tie(0);f[0] = invf[0] = 1;for (int i = 1; i < N; i++) {f[i] = 1ll * f[i - 1] * i % mod;}invf[N - 1] = quick_pow(f[N - 1], mod - 2);for (int i = N - 2; i >= 0; i--) {invf[i] = 1ll * invf[i + 1] * (i + 1) % mod;}scanf("%d", &n);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {scanf("%d", &A[i]);A[i] = 1ll * A[i] * f[i] % mod;B[i] = invf[i];}int lim = 1;while (lim < 2 * n) {lim <<= 1;}get_r(lim);NTT(A, lim, 1);NTT(B, lim, 1);for (int i = 0; i < lim; i++) {A[i] = 1ll * A[i] * A[i] % mod;B[i] = 1ll * B[i] * B[i] % mod;}NTT(A, lim, -1);NTT(B, lim, -1);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {printf("%lld%c", 1ll * A[n - 1 + i] * B[i] % mod, i + 1 == n ? '\n' : ' ');}return 0;
}