Written by Justin Mifsud

由贾斯汀·米夫苏德 ( Justin Mifsud)撰写

The mobile market is huge and growing at a very fast rate. With an estimated 4.5 billion subscribers worldwide, it is forecasted that the number of mobile phones will surpass the world population.

移动市场巨大，并且以非常快的速度增长。 据估计， 全球有45亿用户 ，移动电话的数量将超过世界人口 。

开始之前……关于本指南的几句话 (Before Begin … A Couple of Words About This Guide)

As the title of this article says, this is a step-by-step guide. The reason why I went for such a structure is to provide you with completeness. You can often find articles that describe in detail a particular phase of mobile application usability testing. While these articles are great (so great that I have cited several of them in this guide), they’re often confusing for someone who is new in the area of mobile usability testing. This is where this article comes in.

就像本文的标题所说，这是一个循序渐进的指南 。 我之所以选择这样的结构，是为了为您提供完整的信息 。 您经常可以找到详细描述移动应用程序可用性测试特定阶段的文章。 尽管这些文章很棒(太好了，以至于我在本指南中引用了其中的几篇文章)，但它们对于那些经常在移动可用性测试领域中崭露头角的人感到困惑。 这是本文的来龙去脉。

One note of caution: Before you start doing usability testing on mobiles, you should know how to design mobile interfaces based on best practices of mobile usability. If you don’t, I recommend you take the course Mobile User Experience (UX) Design (which also comes with an industry-recognized Course Certificate). Or you can buy a book on the topic.

注意事项之一 ：开始在移动设备上进行可用性测试之前，您应该知道如何基于移动设备可用性的最佳实践来设计移动接口。 如果您不这样做，我建议您参加“ 移动用户体验(UX)设计 ”课程(该课程还附带行业认可的课程证书)。 或者，您可以购买有关该主题的书。

Alright. Let’s get started. First, let’s start with a question:

好的。 让我们开始吧。 首先，让我们从一个问题开始：

Question no. 1 — Do you need to read each step? No. If you feel confident about any section, feel free to skip it. Here is an index of the main sections of this guide:

问题编号 1-您需要阅读每个步骤吗？ 不。如果您对任何部分有信心，请随时跳过。 以下是本指南主要部分的索引：

本指南的关键部分(TL; DR) (Key sections of this guide (TL;DR))

1. What is mobile application usability testing?

   什么是移动应用程序可用性测试？

2. Setting the objectives of the usability test

   设定可用性测试的目标

3. Creating the tasks that will be performed

   创建将要执行的任务

4. Creating the test documents

   创建测试文件

5. Finding and recruiting test participants

   寻找和招募测试参与者

6. Implementing the usability testing method

   实施可用性测试方法

7. Reporting usability test findings

   报告可用性测试结果

Question no. 2 — Can this guide be followed for testing the usability of mobile websites? Yes. The testing methodology is for mobile testing. It can be used for both mobile website testing and mobile application testing. I focused on mobile application usability testing because mobile applications are extremely popular (as will be explained in the next section) and also because it seems that the majority of articles, or at least those that I came across tend to focus more on mobile website testing.

问题编号 2-是否可以遵循此指南来测试移动网站的可用性？ 是。 测试方法适用于移动测试。 它可以用于移动网站测试和移动应用程序测试。 我之所以专注于移动应用程序可用性测试，是因为移动应用程序非常流行(将在下一部分中进行说明)，并且因为似乎大多数文章，或者至少我所遇到的文章倾向于将重点更多地放在移动网站测试上。

移动应用可用性 (Mobile Application Usability)

So let me kick off this guide with a question. What do phone users spend most of their time on? Interacting with mobile applications (or apps as most of us refer to them). Yes, you read that correctly. A recent study shows that phone users in the US spend 86% of their mobile usage time solely on apps. Another study actually calculated this figure to be as high as 89%. And taking this further, it has also been found that mobile users spend 80% of their mobile app usage time using just five apps (out of the total of 24 apps they typically use in a month).

因此，我先提出一个问题。 电话用户大部分时间都花在什么上面？ 与移动应用程序 (或我们大多数人所指的应用程序)进行交互。 是的，你没看错。 最近的一项研究表明，美国的手机用户将其手机使用时间的86％仅用于应用程序。 另一项研究实际上计算出该数字高达89％ 。 更进一步，还发现移动用户仅使用五个应用程序 (他们通常一个月使用的24个应用程序中的80个)就花费了其移动应用程序使用时间的80％。

Thus it comes as no surprise that there has been an explosive increase in the number of phone applications especially those for games and social media. Forbes actually estimates that by next year, there will be almost 270 billion apps downloaded.

因此，不足为奇的是，电话应用程序的数量呈爆炸性增长，尤其是用于游戏和社交媒体的应用程序。 福布斯》实际上估计，到明年，将下载近2700亿个应用程序 。

That being said, mobile phone applications are still restrained by the relatively small screen size and limited performance capabilities of the devices on which they run. It is true that phones have come a long way with larger screen sizes and increased processing capabilities. It is also true that mobile app design has evolved considerably. However, they lack the screen sizes and processing capabilities of larger devices such as laptops or desktop computers.

话虽如此，移动电话应用程序仍然受到屏幕尺寸相对较小以及运行它们的设备性能有限的限制。 的确，电话已经取得了长足的发展，它具有更大的屏幕尺寸和增强的处理能力。 确实， 移动应用程序设计已经发生了很大的变化。 但是，它们缺少大型设备(如笔记本电脑或台式机)的屏幕尺寸和处理能力。

Research shows that usability is key for the success of mobile apps. In fact, a common trend among successful mobile phone applications is that they are perceive by users as being easy to learn, user-friendly and less time-consuming when completing tasks. Other researchers have actually identified a direct link between mobile application usability and user acceptance.

研究表明， 可用性是移动应用程序成功的关键 。 实际上， 成功的移动电话应用程序中的一个普遍趋势是，用户将其视为易于学习，用户友好并且在完成任务时耗时更少。 其他研究人员实际上已经确定了移动应用程序可用性和用户接受度之间的直接联系 。

Despite the importance of mobile application usability, there is a lack of an agreed-upon list of guidelines. In this regard, the best way to evaluate the usability of mobile applications is through usability testing.

尽管移动应用程序可用性很重要，但是缺少一致同意的准则列表。 在这方面，评估移动应用程序可用性的最佳方法是通过可用性测试 。

移动应用程序可用性测试 (Mobile Application Usability Testing)

Way before you start thinking about what you will test and how, you need to devise a usability test plan. This serves as a blueprint for the actual test and although there is no specifically-set structure, it typically contains the following sections (Rubin et al. 2008):

在开始考虑要测试什么以及如何进行测试之前，您需要制定一个可用性测试计划 。 这是实际测试的蓝图，尽管没有专门设置的结构，但通常包含以下部分( Rubin等，2008 )：

1. Purpose, goals and objectives of the test
   测试的目的，目的和目的
2. Research questions
   研究问题
3. Participant characteristics
   参加者特征
4. Method (test design)
   方法(测试设计)
5. Task list
   任务列表
6. Test environment, equipment and logistics
   测试环境，设备和物流
7. Test facilitator role
   测试主持人角色
8. Data to be collected and evaluation measures
   收集数据和评估措施
9. Report content and presentation
   报告内容和演示

An interesting variant that can be very handy when testing mobile applications (due to the smaller teams involved) is the 1-page usability test plan proposed by David Travis from UserFocus.

测试移动应用程序时(由于涉及的团队较小)，一个有趣的变体可能非常方便，它是UserFocus的David Travis提出的1页可用性测试计划 。

Based on the usability test plan, it can be stated that in order to test the usability of a mobile application, (apart from the application itself) you need the:

根据可用性测试计划，可以说，为了测试移动应用程序的可用性，(除了应用程序本身)，您需要：

1. Objectives of the test
   测试目的
2. Tasks that will be performed
   将要执行的任务
3. Test Documents (content form, orientation script, pre & post-test questionnaires)
   测试文件(内容表，定向脚本，测试前和测试后的问卷)
4. Test Participants
   测试参加者
5. Test Method
   测试方法

1.可用性测试的目标 (1. The Objectives of the Usability Test)

The first step of any usability testing session is to set the goals straight. What questions do you want to answer with the usability test? What hypothesis do you want to test with the usability test?

任何可用性测试会议的第一步都是确定目标。 您想用可用性测试回答哪些问题？ 您想用可用性测试检​​验什么假设？

So how does one set the goals? There are various ways one can do this. One handy technique that I use is a variaton of the methodology outlined by Michael Margolis from Google Ventures. This basically involves asking a number of questions (interviewing) to the app’s stakeholders (and that includes the development team behind it) to explore important areas:

那么如何设定目标呢？ 有多种方法可以做到这一点。 我使用的一种便捷技术是Google Ventures的Michael Margolis概述的方法的变体 。 这基本上涉及向应用程序的涉众(包括其背后的开发团队)询问一些问题(采访)，以探索重要领域：

• The app’s roadmap
  该应用程序的路线图
• Users and markets for whom the app is targeted
  应用程序针对的用户和市场
• The app’s competitors
  该应用程序的竞争对手
• Research that has already been done and other that the team requires
  研究已经完成，团队需要进行其他研究
• The potential impact of the above research
  上述研究的潜在影响
• Timing and scope
  时间和范围

The answers obtained from these interviews will give you two very important things:

从这些采访中获得的答案将为您提供两件非常重要的事情：

1. What the stakeholders already know
   利益相关者已经知道了什么
2. What they would like to know
   他们想知道什么

Based on the answers given to the above questions, it is now easier to start identifying the goals and what usability metrics one should use to measure them.

根据对上述问题的答案，现在可以轻松地开始确定目标以及用于衡量目标的可用性指标 。

It is also very important that the identified goals are:

确定的目标也很重要：

• Specific
  具体
• Measurable
  可测的
• Prioritized
  优先

2.将要执行的任务 (2. The Tasks that will be Performed)

Once the objectives have been set, it is time to move to the next step — setting tasks. Tasks are typically just one sentence long and should consist of the interactions that need to be performed by the test users, example:

设定目标之后，就该进行下一步了- 设定 任务 。 任务通常只有一句话长，应该包括测试用户需要执行的交互，例如：

• Register an account
  注册帐号
• Sign into your account
  登录到您的帐户
• Upload a photo
  上传一张照片
• Accept a friend request
  接受朋友的要求

Instead of asking the test user to perform a task and hence make them feel that they are being tested, tasks should be converted to task scenarios. These provide more context for why the participant is doing the task and hence look more like natural interations that a typical user will perform with your application. In this regard, the task scenarios that are set should be:

应将任务转换为任务方案 ，而不是要求测试用户执行任务，从而使他们感到自己正在接受测试。 这些为参与者为什么要执行任务提供了更多上下文，因此看起来更像是典型用户将对您的应用程序执行的自然交互。 在这方面，设置的任务方案应为：

• Realistic, actionable and without any clues on how to perform the steps (Source)

  现实，可行且对如何执行这些步骤没有任何线索( 来源 )

• Ordered in a sequence that ensures a smooth flow of the test session
  按顺序订购，以确保测试会话顺利进行

• Tied to one or more objectives (Source)

  绑在一个或多个目标上( 来源 )

As with any form of testing, it is very important to perform a dry run of the usability test to ensure that the performance of the tasks will ultimately achieve the objectives that have been set.

与任何形式的测试一样， 进行可用性测试的空运行非常重要，以确保任务的执行最终将实现已设定的目标。

3.可用性测试文件 (3. The Usability Test Documents)

There are a number of documents that you would need when conducting usability testing. While the number of documents and their content may vary, you would typically need the following:

进行可用性测试时，需要一些文档。 尽管文档的数量及其内容可能有所不同，但是您通常需要以下内容：

• Consent form: (for minors or adults)

  同意书 ：( 未成年人或成年人 )

• Post-test questionnaire: This content of this questionnaire can range from the two simple post-test questions recommended by Uxpert Jared Spool to standard questionnaires such as the Post-Study Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) or the System Usability Scale (SUS)

  测试后 问卷 ：此问卷的内容可以从Uxpert Jared Spool建议的两个简单的测试后问题到标准问卷，例如研究后可用性问卷(PSSUQ)或系统可用性量表(SUS)

For additional usability testing documents that you might find useful, please head over to the Usability.gov site.

有关其他有用的可用性测试文档，请转到Usability.gov网站 。

4.考试参加者 (4. The Test Participants)

The mobile application usability testing method that will be discussed in the next section is a user-oriented testing technique, meaning it involves real users undertaking realistic tasks that the app is intended to achieve. Although testing with real users is more resource-consuming, this realistic scenario tends to yield more accurate results.

下一节将讨论的移动应用程序可用性测试方法是一种面向用户的测试技术，这意味着它涉及实际用户承担应用程序要实现的现实任务。 尽管使用真实用户进行测试会消耗更多资源，但是这种实际情况往往会产生更准确的结果。

Raluca Buidu from the Nielsen Norman Group recommends recruiting test participants who have been using their devices for at least 3 months. This would overcome any difficulties resulting from the usage of the device rather than the app itself. In addition to this, using the test participants’ own devices tends to reveal more issues since they will be using real devices rather than top-of-the-range devices and fast internet connections that are usually available in development environments.

尼尔森·诺曼集团(Nielsen Norman Group)的Raluca Buidu建议招募使用了至少3个月设备的测试参与者。 这样可以克服由于使用设备而不是应用程序本身而引起的任何困难。 除此之外，使用测试参与者自己的设备往往会发现更多问题，因为他们将使用真实设备，而不是开发环境中通常使用的顶级设备和快速Internet连接。

There are several considerations that need to be taken when choosing the participants for a usability test. Participants must:

选择可用性测试的参与者时，需要考虑几个因素。 参加者必须：

• Be representative of the users for whom the app is intended (i.e. the target users)
  代表该应用程序所针对的用户(即目标用户)
• Own a device whose Operating System is the one on which the app is intended to run (including the appropriate version/s)
  拥有一台设备，该设备的操作系统是应在其上运行该应用程序的操作系统(包括适当的版本)
• Be considered in terms of the stage at which the application is currently in. This may range from an app that is in its initial phases to one that has been already on the market for some time. In this regard factors such as confidentiality and the expertise that the test participants have with mobile applications could be crucial
  根据应用程序当前所处的阶段来考虑。范围可能从初始阶段的应用程序到已经上市了一段时间的应用程序。 在这方面，测试参与者对移动应用程序的机密性和专业知识等因素可能至关重要。
• Be available at the time, place, frequency of the intended usability tests
  在预期的可用性测试的时间，地点，频率上可用
• Agree to the compensation terms that you are offering (if any)
  同意您提供的补偿条款(如果有)
• Be ready to sign a usability test participation consent form
  准备签署可用性测试参与同意书

An effective technique to ensure that the right test participants are recruited is to build user personas and then use them to screen potential test participants in order to find the right candidates. This is applicable of course if you already have a pool of potential test participants at hand (e.g. your registered users) or if you want to perform the recruitment process yourself.

确保招募合适的测试参与者的有效技术是建立用户角色 ，然后使用他们筛选潜在的测试参与者以找到合适的候选人。 如果您已经有一批潜在的测试参与者(例如您的注册用户)，或者您想自己执行招聘过程，那么这当然适用。

If you would like to outsource this process, there are several recruiting agencies that can do that for you. Which one to choose is entirely up to you as both methods are fine and both have their pros and cons. An interesting survey conducted by the Nielsen Norman Group) shows the following interesting findings:

如果您想将这一过程外包，那么有几家招聘机构可以为您做到这一点。 选择哪种方法完全取决于您，因为这两种方法都不错，而且各有利弊。 Nielsen Norman Group进行的一项有趣的调查显示以下有趣的发现 ：

• Most companies recruit their own test participants
  大多数公司招募自己的测试参与者
• Recruiting agencies are quite expensive (approximately $84 per person if recruiting average consumers or students and approximately $161 per participant if recruiting high-end professionals)
  招聘机构非常昂贵(如果招聘普通消费者或学生，则大约为每人84美元；如果招聘高端专业人士，则大约为每位参与者161美元)
• Companies recruiting their own participants spend an average of 1.15hrs of staff time per participant recruited
  招募自己参与者的公司平均每位参与者花费1.15小时的员工时间

For additional detail on how to recruit participants for usability studies, please head over to these articles:

有关如何招募参与者进行可用性研究的更多详细信息，请转到以下文章：

• How to Recruit Participants for Usability Studies by Jakob Nielsen & Hinderer Sova

  Jakob Nielsen和Hinderer Sova 如何招募参加可用性研究的参与者

• Recruiting Usability Test Participants by Usability.gov

  通过Usability.gov 招募可用性测试参与者

• 6 Ways To Recruit Participants for Remote Usability Testing by Natalia Bruzi

  Natalia Bruzi 招募参加远程可用性测试的6种方法

• 7 Ways To Find Users for Usability Testing by Jeff Sauro

  杰夫·萨罗(Jeff Sauro) 寻找可用性测试的7种方法

5.移动应用程序可用性测试方法 (5. The Mobile Application Usability Testing Methodology)

There are two main methods for conducting usability testing of mobile applications. Needless to say, each comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages. These are:

进行移动应用程序可用性测试的主要方法有两种。 不用说，每种方法都有其自己的优点和缺点。 这些是：

1. Laboratory-based usability testing
   基于实验室的可用性测试
2. Remote usability testing
   远程可用性测试

In this article, we will be using laboratory-based (or lab-based) usability testing. This testing method enables the testing of mobile applications by involving real users using real devices. In it, the evaluator (whose role will be explained below) has full control over the test and can easily set the tasks — thus enabling him/her to test all usability aspects. It has also been found to yield results that are more accurate and easier to understand. In fact, several usability experts such as Raluca Budiu from the Nielsen Norman Group and Jeff Sauro from MeasuringU recommend it as the preferred usability testing method for mobile.

在本文中，我们将使用基于实验室的(或基于实验室的)可用性测试。 这种测试方法通过让使用真实设备的真实用户参与，从而能够测试移动应用程序。 在其中，评估者(其角色将在下面进行说明)可以完全控制测试，并且可以轻松设置任务-从而使他/她可以测试所有可用性方面。 还发现它可以产生更准确，更易于理解的结果。 实际上，诸如Nielsen Norman Group的Raluca Budiu和MeasurementU的 Jeff Sauro等几位可用性专家将其推荐为移动设备的首选可用性测试方法。

基于实验室的可用性测试的“组件” (The ‘Components’ of a Lab-based usability test)

Lab-based usability testing involves the observation of test participants performing assigned tasks using a mobile device in a setup similar to the one shown below:

基于实验室的可用性测试涉及观察测试参与者使用移动设备以类似于以下所示设置的方式执行分配的任务：

The above setup can be split into the following ‘components’:

上面的设置可以分为以下“组件”：

相机 (A) Camera)

There are two distinct camera setups. Luckily, both will help capture the users’ gestures.

有两种不同的相机设置。 幸运的是，两者都将有助于捕获用户的手势。

1. Document / fixed-position cameras: The camera lies on a fixed point. (e.g. IPEVO’s Ziggi HD Plus)

   文档/固定位置摄像机 ：摄像机位于固定点上。 (例如IPEVO的Ziggi HD Plus )

2. Cradle-based cameras / Mobile testing sleds: The camera is fixed to a cradle on which the mobile device is placed. The user then holds the cradle in his / her hand when performing the assigned tasks. There are a number of cameras that one can choose from such as Mr. Tappy and MOD 1000 to name a few. One can also find a number of DIY setups such as this one from Rik Williams who assembled a testing camera sled in just 15 minutes, using materials that are readily available in any office and Harry Brignull who built a testing sled for less than $8. Although DIY setups are relatively cheap and fast to build, they do have their own limitations that can affect the testing procedure such as unnecessary additional weight and less durability and portability than a professional testing sled. The advantage of using a cradle-based camera is that it allows users to operate their mobile device using natural movement — just like they would be using the app in real-life, unlike the fixed-position camera which confines the device to remain on a flat surface. Conversely, cradle-based testing sleds are sometimes criticised for the additional size and weight that they add to the device being used for testing, although the increased usage of lightweight material has minimized this.

   基于通讯座的相机/移动测试底座：相机固定在放置移动设备的通讯座上。 然后，用户在执行分配的任务时将支架握在他/她的手中。 有许多摄像机可供选择，例如Tappy先生和MOD 1000等 。 人们还可以找到许多DIY装置， 例如 Rik Williams的装置，它在短短15分钟内组装了一个测试相机底座，使用的材料在任何办公室都可以买到； Harry Brignull则用不到8美元的价格制造了一个测试底座。 尽管DIY设置相对便宜且易于构建，但它们确实有其自身的局限性，可能会影响测试过程，例如不必要的额外重量以及比专业测试底座更少的耐用性和便携性。 使用基于支架的摄像头的优势在于，它允许用户自然移动来操作其移动设备-就像他们在现实生活中使用该应用程序一样，不像固定位置摄像头那样将设备限制在手机上。平坦的表面。 相反，基于托架的测试底座有时会因其增加的尺寸和重量而被批评为用于测试的设备，尽管越来越多的轻质材料使这种情况最小化。

Wireless testing?: In a recent article on Smashing Magazine, Colman Walsh describe an interesting and cost-effective setup that makes use of Apple’s AirPlay technology. The reasoning behind it is that unlike document and cradle-based system, the testing equipment is entirely invisible to the test participant. Although it is not an ‘official’ testing methodology, the article is definitely worth a read.

无线测试？ ：在最近的Smashing Magazine文章中 ，科尔曼·沃尔什(Colman Walsh)描述了一种有趣且具有成本效益的设置，该设置利用了Apple的AirPlay技术。 其背后的原因是，与基于文档和通讯座的系统不同，测试设备对于测试参与者而言是完全不可见的。 尽管这不是“官方”测试方法，但该文章绝对值得一读。

B)网络摄像头(可选) (B) Webcam (Optional))

A webcam can be pointed towards the user’s face so as to provide an alternative view that can assist the interviewer in understanding the user’s interaction by capturing his/her facial expressions.

网络摄像头可以指向用户的脸部，以便提供一种替代视图，该视图可以帮助采访者通过捕获他/她的面部表情来理解用户的交互。

C)录音软件 (C) Recording software)

The recording software is needed to project the session onto the facilitator’s screen and ideally record it too in the process. Some software also allow the session to be projected in real-time on multiple screens via a network. This can be particularly useful when involving a number of stakeholders. Very often, both document cameras and cradle-based cameras come with their own software. If that is not the case, then there are some very good tools that one can use so it is entirely up to you which one to use. For instance Jeff Sauro from MeasuringU uses GoTo Meeting to save the audio and video as a compressed, shareable .wmv file and Camtasia to save the webcam video. One can also use WebEx or Morae although the price for the license is a bit on the high end.

需要使用录制软件将会话投射到主持人的屏幕上，并在过程中也理想地进行录制。 一些软件还允许通过网络将会话实时投影到多个屏幕上。 当涉及多个利益相关者时，这尤其有用。 通常，文档相机和基于支架的相机都随附有自己的软件。 如果不是这种情况，那么可以使用一些非常好的工具，因此完全由您决定使用哪种工具。 例如， MeasurementU的Jeff Sauro使用GoTo Meeting将音频和视频保存为压缩的可共享.wmv文件，并使用Camtasia保存网络摄像头视频。 尽管许可证的价格偏高，但也可以使用WebEx或Morae 。

D)考场 (D) Test venue)

Although it has traditionally been carried out in specialized usability testing labs, the availability of sophisticated technology at a reasonable price, means that one can now conduct this type of testing without the need for hiring specialized labs. If you are going to set up your own testing room, it is very important to ensure that there is adequate lighting that is ideally not right above the mobile device being used by the user since it can cause a glare on the screen.

尽管传统上是在专门的可用性测试实验室中进行的，但以合理的价格提供了先进的技术，这意味着人们现在可以进行这种类型的测试，而无需雇用专门的实验室。 如果您要建立自己的测试室，确保有足够的照明是非常重要的，理想情况下，照明不能恰好位于用户正在使用的移动设备上方，因为这可能会在屏幕上造成眩光。

E)主持人 (E) Facilitator)

As the title implies, the role of the facilitator is to facilitate the testing process, that is, to ensure that the test runs smoothly by addressing any issues that the test participant may have with the task being assigned or device they are using. Other than that, the role of the facilitator, who should ideally be a usability specialist, is to observe the test on their screen and ensure that the test participants perform the assigned tasks.

顾名思义，协调人的作用是简化测试过程，即通过解决测试参与者分配的任务或他们使用的设备可能遇到的任何问题，确保测试顺利进行。 除此之外，辅导员的角色(最好是可用性专家)应在屏幕上观察测试并确保测试参与者执行指定的任务。

测试程序 (The Testing Procedure)

The testing procedure can be structured into 6 steps as shown below. The time next to each step is based on the typical time that each step takes as recommended by David Travis from UserFocus. If one adheres to these suggested times, then each session would take approximately an hour to conduct.

测试过程可以分为6个步骤，如下所示。 紧接每个步骤的时间取决于UserFocus 的David Travis推荐的每个步骤的典型时间。 如果遵守这些建议的时间，那么每节课大约需要一个小时来进行。

All of the above steps have been described earlier on. However, little has been said about step 6 — debriefing. Debriefing is a process that is undertaken at the end of each test session and it involves going through and analyzing the actions performed by the participant. Since the debriefing session is conducted with the participant, this provides additional insight on why that participant performed such actions. Thus, while the test session indicates the problems, it is the debriefing session that provides the insight on why those problems occured.

上面已经描述了所有上述步骤。 但是，关于步骤6的汇报很少。 汇报是在每个测试会话结束时进行的过程，它涉及检查并分析参与者执行的操作。 由于汇报会话是与参与者进行的，因此可以进一步了解参与者为何执行此类操作。 因此，虽然测试会话指出了问题，但是汇报会话提供了有关为什么出现这些问题的见解。

报告可用性测试的结果 (Reporting the Results of the Usability Test)

After all the usability test sessions have been completed, you need to go through all the data, compile it, analyze it and present it in a way that it contains actionable recommendations.

在完成所有可用性测试会话之后，您需要遍历所有数据，对其进行编译，分析并以包含可操作建议的方式进行呈现。

First of all, the data needs to be split between quantitative and quantitative data.

首先，需要将数据分为定量数据和定量数据。

• Quantitative data from the testing session may be used to compute usability metrics such as completion rates, success rates, task times, satisfaction ratings and error rates.

  来自测试会话的定量数据可以用于计算可用性指标，例如完成率，成功率，任务时间，满意度和错误率。

• Qualitative data can be compiled to provide insights about the paths taken by participants, problems experienced and answers that they provided in the questionnaire, post-test interview and debriefing sessions.

  可以汇编定性数据，以提供有关参与者采取的途径，经历的问题以及他们在问卷，测试后访谈和汇报会议中提供的答案的见解。

While there is no fixed structure for reporting, it is generally recommended to include the following sections:

虽然没有固定的报告结构， 但通常建议包括以下部分：

1. Background summary: The application that was tested, where it was tested, what equipment was used, what was tested and who was the testing team.

   背景摘要 ：经过测试的应用程序，在哪里进行测试，使用了什么设备，经过了什么测试以及谁是测试团队。

2. Methodology: How the test was conducted, task scenarios, metrics that were collected. Also include information about the test participants (brief summaries of demographic data — do not release any confidential data such as participant names).

   方法 ：测试的进行方式，任务场景，收集的指标。 还包括有关测试参与者的信息(人口统计数据摘要-请勿发布任何机密数据，例如参与者名称)。

3. Test Results: The compiled qualitative and quantitative data together with an analysis of this data.

   测试结果 ：汇编的定性和定量数据以及对此数据的分析。

4. Findings and Recommendations: Based on the observations from point 3 (i.e. substantiated by data), provide a set of recommendations that one needs to implement in order to fix any usability issues that have been identified. However, do not just report the problems here. Be sure to highlight any findings that showed good usability.

   调查结果和建议 ：基于对第3点的观察(即由数据证实)，提供了一组需要解决的建议，以解决已发现的任何可用性问题。 但是，不要仅在此处报告问题。 确保突出显示任何显示出良好可用性的发现。

结语 (Wrapping it Up)

As you can see, there is indeed a structured approach to mobile application usability testing. Better still, this approach can be tweaked to meet the needs of any application that is being tested and any stakeholder who is interested in the outcome of such tests. Moreover, the importance of usability testing, especially for mobile — with the large array of devices and their respective specs has long-been documented. This is why there is absolutely no excuse as to why, at this day and age, one should not conduct usability testing.

如您所见，确实存在一种用于移动应用程序可用性测试的结构化方法。 更好的是，可以对这种方法进行调整，以满足正在测试的任何应用程序以及对此类测试的结果感兴趣的任何利益相关者的需求。 此外，可用性测试的重要性，尤其是对于移动设备而言，具有大量的设备及其各自的规格，早已被证明。 这就是为什么绝对没有借口在当今这个时代不应该进行可用性测试的原因。

想了解更多？ (Want to learn more?)

If you’re interested in mobile UX, then consider to take the course on Mobile User Experience, which includes templates you can use in your own projects. If, on the other hand, you’d like to…

如果您对移动UX感兴趣，可以考虑参加“ 移动用户体验 ” 课程 ，其中包括您可以在自己的项目中使用的模板。 另一方面，如果您想...

1. learn all the details of Usability Testing
   了解可用性测试的所有详细信息
2. get easy-to-use templates
   获得易于使用的模板
3. learn how to properly quantify the usability of a system/service/product/app/etc
   了解如何正确量化系统/服务/产品/应用/等的可用性
4. learn how to communicate the result to your management
   了解如何将结果传达给您的管理层

… then consider to take the online course Conducting Usability Testing.

…然后考虑参加在线课程“ 进行可用性测试” 。

Lastly, if you want to brush up on the basics of UX and Usability, then consider to take the online course on User Experience. Good luck on your learning journey!

最后，如果您想了解UX和可用性的基础知识，请考虑参加“ 用户体验 ” 在线课程 。 祝您学习愉快！

(Lead image: Depositphotos)

(领导形象： Depositphotos )

Originally published at UsabilityGeek by Justin Mifsud, who is the founder of UsabilityGeek and has extensive experience with creating usable and memorable online experiences. Justin is also a visiting lecturer with the University of Hertfordshire and an expert reviewer at Smashing Magazine.

最初由Justin Mifsud在UsabilityGeek上发表，他是UsabilityGeek的创始人，在创建有用和令人难忘的在线体验方面拥有丰富的经验。 贾斯汀还是赫特福德郡大学的客座讲师，也是《粉碎杂志》的专家审稿人。