DRF视图组件(2个视图基类、5个视图扩展类、9个视图子类、视图集和路由映射)

2个视图基类

原APIView写法：

from rest_framework.views import APIViewclass publish(APIView):def get(self, request):publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer = PublishSerializer(instance=publish_obj, many=True)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '查询成功', 'result': serializer.data})def post(self, request):serializer = PublishSerializer(data=request.data)if serializer.is_valid():serializer.save()return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '添加成功', 'result': serializer.data})else:return Response({'code': '900', 'msg': serializer.errors})class publish_detail(APIView):def get(self, request, u_id):publish_obj = models.Publish.objects.get(id=u_id)serializer = PublishSerializer(instance=publish_obj)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '查询成功', 'result': serializer.data})def delete(self, request, u_id):passdef put(self, request, u_id):publish_obj = models.Author.objects.filter(pk=u_id).first()# 改对象必须传data和instanceserializer = PublishSerializer(instance=publish_obj, data=request.data)if serializer.is_valid():serializer.save()return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': "修改成功", 'result': serializer.data})else:return Response({'code': '201', 'msg': serializer.errors})

GenericAPIView类改写：

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIViewclass publish(GenericAPIView):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializerdef get(self, request):publish_obj = self.get_queryset()serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=publish_obj, many=True)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '查询成功', 'result': serializer.data})def post(self, request):serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)if serializer.is_valid():serializer.save()return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '添加成功', 'result': serializer.data})else:return Response({'code': '900', 'msg': serializer.errors})class publish_detail(GenericAPIView):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializerdef get(self, request, pk):publish_obj = self.get_object()serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=publish_obj)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '查询成功', 'result': serializer.data})def delete(self, request, pk):self.get_object().delete()return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '删除成功'})def put(self, request, pk):publish_obj = self.get_object()# 改对象必须传data和instanceserializer = self.get_serializer(instance=publish_obj, data=request.data)if serializer.is_valid():serializer.save()return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': "修改成功", 'result': serializer.data})else:return Response({'code': '201', 'msg': serializer.errors})

queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()：查询所有数据
serializer_class = PublishSerializer：获取序列化类（本文未展示）
publish_obj = self.get_queryset()：获取所有数据
serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=publish_obj, many=True)：使用定义好的序列化类
self.get_object()：这里不需要传入pk，直接用它定义好的方法，但是它默认识别的只有pk，取其他名会报错

mixins的5个视图扩展类

CreateModelMixin：新增
ListModelMixin：查询所有
DestroyModelMixin：删除单条
UpdateModelMixin：修改单条
RetrieveModelMixin：查询单条

from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from rest_framework.mixins import CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, \UpdateModelMixinclass publish(GenericAPIView, CreateModelMixin, ListModelMixin):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializerdef get(self, request):res = super().list(request)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '查询成功', 'result': res.data})def post(self, request):res = super().create(request)print(type(res))return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '添加成功', 'result': res.data})class publish_detail(GenericAPIView, RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializerdef get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):res = super().retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '查询成功', 'result': res.data})def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):res = super().destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': '删除成功'})def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):res = super().update(request, *args, **kwargs)return Response({'code': '200', 'msg': "修改成功", 'result': res.data})

res = super().list(request)：调用ListModelMixin类中的list方法可以省去查询数据和序列化的书写，下面的都一样
注：res是一个 Response 实例，而不是一个序列化器实例，因此对返回值调用 .is_valid()之类的方法会报AttributeError

generics的9个视图子类

CreateAPIView：新增
DestroyAPIView：删除
ListAPIView：查询所有
ListCreateAPIView：查询所有和新增的合并
RetrieveAPIView：查询单个
RetrieveDestroyAPIView：查询单个和删除的合并
RetrieveUpdateAPIView：查询单个和修改的合并
RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView：查询单个、修改和删除的合并
UpdateAPIView：修改

from rest_framework.generics import ListCreateAPIView, RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIViewclass publish(ListCreateAPIView):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializerclass publish_detail(RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializer

视图集

# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSetclass publish(ModelViewSet):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializer

# urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from app import viewsurlpatterns = [path('publish/', views.publish.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'})),path('publish/<str:pk>/', views.publish.as_view({'get': 'retrieve', 'put': 'update', 'delete': 'destroy'})),
]

此时就不需要再分一个publish_detail类了，ModelviewSet已经帮你把五个接口全部写好了，只需在路由层添加映射
'get': 'list'：表示遇到get请求时执行list方法，其他的也是

自定制返回格式

不管是视图子类还是视图集，需要自定制返回字段时只需重写所需方法就行
例如我要自定制查询所有的返回值就重写list：

class publish(ListCreateAPIView):queryset = models.Publish.objects.all()serializer_class = PublishSerializerdef list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):res = super().list(request, *args, **kwargs)res.data = {"code": 200, "msg": "查询成功", "result": res.data}return Response(res.data)

res.data默认返回的是一个包含多个字典的列表

自动生成路由(SimpleRouter)

# urls.py
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter
from app import views# 实例对象
router = SimpleRouter()
# 将publish类注册，最左边的publish为浏览器输入的路由，最右边的publish是别名
router.register('publish', views.publish, 'publish')urlpatterns = [
]
# 将注册好的路由添加进urlpatterns

现在得到的路由其实就是http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/，调用的视图类是publish，并且pk它也会自动帮你写好

与SimpleRouter类似的还有DefaultRouter，他俩基本用法完全一致，唯一不同的是DefaultRouter会返回一个根路径

SimpleRouter：

DefaultRouter：

点进Api Root后可以看到它返回了一个根路径

{"publish": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/publish/"
}

action装饰器

SimpleRouter自动生成路由后有一个弊端就是当绑定的类中没有get\path这种方法名时会注册失败

例如我现在有一个login方法，我想让他接受get请求实现查询单个的功能要,只需在上面价加个action装饰器

# views.py
from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet
from rest_framework.decorators import actionclass publish(ModelViewSet):@action(methods=['GET'], detail=False)def login(self, request)