控制文件损坏处理

二、有rman备份的恢复
2.1 只损坏一个控制文件的情况
本文档的恢复场景都是针对的多控制文件的情况，如果你只有一个那当我没说😄。
查看控制文件

SQL> show parameter control_files;NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files                 string     /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

模拟破坏

[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ echo ''>/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

后台日志可以看到会报控制文件有坏块，但是实例还没有宕：

Errors in file /oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_ckpt_30033.trc  (incident=38401):
ORA-00227: corrupt block detected in control file: (block 1, # blocks 1)
ORA-00202: control file: '/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'

做一次检查点切换：

SQL> alter system checkpoint;
alter system checkpoint
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 26789
Session ID: 153 Serial number: 2627

后台日志显示实例被异常终止：

CKPT (ospid: 30033): terminating the instance due to error 227
Wed Feb 13 08:20:11 2019
System state dump requested by (instance=1, osid=30033 (CKPT)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
System State dumped to trace file /oracle/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/trace/orcl_diag_30021_20190213082011.trc
Dumping diagnostic data in directory=[cdmp_20190213082011], requested by (instance=1, osid=30033 (CKPT)), summary=[abnormal instance termination].
Instance terminated by CKPT, pid = 30033

恢复方法：

cp control02.ctl control01.ctl

然后重新startup实例，运行正常。

2.2 所有控制文件都损坏的情况
模拟破坏：

[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ echo ''>control01.ctl 
[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ echo ''>control02.ctl
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
alter system checkpoint
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 26927
Session ID: 135 Serial number: 13

后台日志情况和前面一样在发生检查点切换后，实例就宕了。

恢复方法：

RMAN>  restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rman/full_08tpot0t_1_1';Starting restore at 13-FEB-19
using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 13-FEB-19RMAN> recover database;//对控制文件进行归档+redo恢复
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;database opened

三、没有rman备份的恢复

[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ echo ''>control01.ctl
[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ echo ''>control02.ctl
[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ !sql
sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Wed Feb 13 08:59:38 2019Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing optionsSQL> alter system checkpoint;
alter system checkpoint
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 27123
Session ID: 72 Serial number: 3

恢复方法，若是还能mount的话倒简单，alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/tmp/ctl.txt';即可，如果不能mount的话，只能麻烦点恢复：

通过参数文件获取数据库名：

SQL> startup nomount; 
ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 2471931904 bytes
Fixed Size            2255752 bytes
Variable Size          620758136 bytes
Database Buffers     1845493760 bytes
Redo Buffers            3424256 bytes
SQL> create pfile='/tmp/orcl.ora' from spfile;File created.*.db_name='orcl'

查询字符集：

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.US7ASCII

获取数据文件名和redo文件名：

[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ ls -lh *.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 254M Feb 13 08:54 jason01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 101M Feb 13 08:54 odc01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.3G Feb 13 08:54 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 781M Feb 13 08:54 system01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 9.9G Feb 13 08:54 temp01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  11M Feb  3 06:50 temp02.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 2.6G Feb 13 08:54 test.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 1.9G Feb 13 08:54 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall  11G Feb 13 08:54 users01.dbf[oracle@redhat11g8 orcl]$ ls -lh *.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 51M Feb 13 08:54 redo01.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 51M Feb 13 08:54 redo02.log
-rw-r-----. 1 oracle oinstall 51M Feb 13 08:59 redo03.log

编写重建脚本(注意临时文件不要写进重建脚本里，不然会报如下错误)：

ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01503: CREATE CONTROLFILE failed
ORA-01160: file is not a data file
ORA-01110: data file : '/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOGMAXLOGFILES 16MAXLOGMEMBERS 3MAXDATAFILES 100MAXINSTANCES 8MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILEGROUP 1 '/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,GROUP 2 '/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,GROUP 3 '/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE'/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/jason01.dbf','/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/odc01.dbf','/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf','/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf','/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/test.dbf','/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf','/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
;SQL> alter database open resetlogs;Database altered.