gcc/g++：预编译阶段嵌入头文件并完成替换

        预编译阶段嵌入头文件并完成替换首先需要找到需要包含头文件的位置，然后进行引入。

示例：

1）用户头文件

/*@brief design and implements of demo-for-precompile.@author wen`xuanpei@email 15873152445@163.com(query for any question here)
*/
#pragma once
#ifndef __ARITHMETIC_H_
#define __ARITHMETIC_H_#define INT_A (10)
#define INT_B (20)#define max(a, b) ( (a) > (b) ? (a) : (b) )#endif

2）用户程序

/*@brief test demo-for-precompile-to-include? show you here@author wen`xuanpei@email 15873152445@163.com(query for any question here)
*/
#include "arithmetic.h"
#include <stdio.h>int main(){puts("hello world!\n");printf("max(%d,%d):%d\n", INT_A, INT_B, max(INT_A, INT_B));return 0;
}

3）预编译

gcc -o e0 test1.c -E
g++ -o e0 test1.c -E

4）嵌入头文件结果

# 1 "test1.c"
# 1 "<built-in>"
# 1 "<command-line>"
# 1 "/usr/include/stdc-predef.h" 1 3 4
# 1 "<command-line>" 2
# 1 "test1.c"# 1 "arithmetic.h" 1# 7 "test1.c" 2
# 1 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 1 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/features.h" 1 3 4
# 375 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 1 3 4
# 392 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 393 "/usr/include/sys/cdefs.h" 2 3 4
# 376 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
# 399 "/usr/include/features.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 1 3 4
# 10 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs-64.h" 1 3 4
# 11 "/usr/include/gnu/stubs.h" 2 3 4
# 400 "/usr/include/features.h" 2 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4extern "C" {# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 212 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include/stddef.h" 3 4
typedef long unsigned int size_t;
# 34 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4# 1 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 1 3 4
# 27 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/wordsize.h" 1 3 4
# 28 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4typedef unsigned char __u_char;
typedef unsigned short int __u_short;
typedef unsigned int __u_int;
typedef unsigned long int __u_long;typedef signed char __int8_t;
typedef unsigned char __uint8_t;
typedef signed short int __int16_t;
typedef unsigned short int __uint16_t;
typedef signed int __int32_t;
typedef unsigned int __uint32_t;typedef signed long int __int64_t;
typedef unsigned long int __uint64_t;typedef long int __quad_t;
typedef unsigned long int __u_quad_t;
# 130 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/typesizes.h" 1 3 4
# 131 "/usr/include/bits/types.h" 2 3 4typedef unsigned long int __dev_t;
typedef unsigned int __uid_t;
typedef unsigned int __gid_t;
typedef unsigned long int __ino_t;
typedef unsigned long int __ino64_t;
typedef unsigned int __mode_t;
typedef unsigned long int __nlink_t;
typedef long int __off_t;
typedef long int __off64_t;
typedef int __pid_t;
typedef struct { int __val[2]; } __fsid_t;
typedef long int __clock_t;
typedef unsigned long int __rlim_t;
typedef unsigned long int __rlim64_t;
typedef unsigned int __id_t;
typedef long int __time_t;
typedef unsigned int __useconds_t;
typedef long int __suseconds_t;typedef int __daddr_t;
typedef int __key_t;typedef int __clockid_t;typedef void * __timer_t;typedef long int __blksize_t;typedef long int __blkcnt_t;
typedef long int __blkcnt64_t;typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsblkcnt64_t;typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt_t;
typedef unsigned long int __fsfilcnt64_t;typedef long int __fsword_t;typedef long int __ssize_t;typedef long int __syscall_slong_t;typedef unsigned long int __syscall_ulong_t;typedef __off64_t __loff_t;
typedef __quad_t *__qaddr_t;
typedef char *__caddr_t;typedef long int __intptr_t;typedef unsigned int __socklen_t;
# 36 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4
# 44 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_FILE;typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;# 64 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
# 74 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/libio.h" 1 3 4
# 32 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 1 3 4
# 15 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include/stddef.h" 1 3 4
# 16 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 2 3 4# 1 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 1 3 4
# 82 "/usr/include/wchar.h" 3 4
typedef struct
{int __count;union{unsigned int __wch;char __wchb[4];} __value;
} __mbstate_t;
# 21 "/usr/include/_G_config.h" 2 3 4
typedef struct
{__off_t __pos;__mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos_t;
typedef struct
{__off64_t __pos;__mbstate_t __state;
} _G_fpos64_t;
# 33 "/usr/include/libio.h" 2 3 4
# 50 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include/stdarg.h" 1 3 4
# 40 "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.8.5/include/stdarg.h" 3 4
typedef __builtin_va_list __gnuc_va_list;
# 51 "/usr/include/libio.h" 2 3 4
# 145 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_jump_t; struct _IO_FILE;
# 155 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
typedef void _IO_lock_t;struct _IO_marker {struct _IO_marker *_next;struct _IO_FILE *_sbuf;int _pos;
# 178 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
};enum __codecvt_result
{__codecvt_ok,__codecvt_partial,__codecvt_error,__codecvt_noconv
};
# 246 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
struct _IO_FILE {int _flags;char* _IO_read_ptr;char* _IO_read_end;char* _IO_read_base;char* _IO_write_base;char* _IO_write_ptr;char* _IO_write_end;char* _IO_buf_base;char* _IO_buf_end;char *_IO_save_base;char *_IO_backup_base;char *_IO_save_end;struct _IO_marker *_markers;struct _IO_FILE *_chain;int _fileno;int _flags2;__off_t _old_offset;unsigned short _cur_column;signed char _vtable_offset;char _shortbuf[1];_IO_lock_t *_lock;
# 294 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4__off64_t _offset;
# 303 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4void *__pad1;void *__pad2;void *__pad3;void *__pad4;size_t __pad5;int _mode;char _unused2[15 * sizeof (int) - 4 * sizeof (void *) - sizeof (size_t)];};struct _IO_FILE_plus;extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdin_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stdout_;
extern struct _IO_FILE_plus _IO_2_1_stderr_;
# 339 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
typedef __ssize_t __io_read_fn (void *__cookie, char *__buf, size_t __nbytes);typedef __ssize_t __io_write_fn (void *__cookie, const char *__buf,size_t __n);typedef int __io_seek_fn (void *__cookie, __off64_t *__pos, int __w);typedef int __io_close_fn (void *__cookie);typedef __io_read_fn cookie_read_function_t;
typedef __io_write_fn cookie_write_function_t;
typedef __io_seek_fn cookie_seek_function_t;
typedef __io_close_fn cookie_close_function_t;typedef struct
{__io_read_fn *read;__io_write_fn *write;__io_seek_fn *seek;__io_close_fn *close;
} _IO_cookie_io_functions_t;
typedef _IO_cookie_io_functions_t cookie_io_functions_t;struct _IO_cookie_file;extern void _IO_cookie_init (struct _IO_cookie_file *__cfile, int __read_write,void *__cookie, _IO_cookie_io_functions_t __fns);extern "C" {extern int __underflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __uflow (_IO_FILE *);
extern int __overflow (_IO_FILE *, int);
# 435 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
extern int _IO_getc (_IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_putc (int __c, _IO_FILE *__fp);
extern int _IO_feof (_IO_FILE *__fp) throw ();
extern int _IO_ferror (_IO_FILE *__fp) throw ();extern int _IO_peekc_locked (_IO_FILE *__fp);extern void _IO_flockfile (_IO_FILE *) throw ();
extern void _IO_funlockfile (_IO_FILE *) throw ();
extern int _IO_ftrylockfile (_IO_FILE *) throw ();
# 465 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
extern int _IO_vfscanf (_IO_FILE * __restrict, const char * __restrict,__gnuc_va_list, int *__restrict);
extern int _IO_vfprintf (_IO_FILE *__restrict, const char *__restrict,__gnuc_va_list);
extern __ssize_t _IO_padn (_IO_FILE *, int, __ssize_t);
extern size_t _IO_sgetn (_IO_FILE *, void *, size_t);extern __off64_t _IO_seekoff (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int, int);
extern __off64_t _IO_seekpos (_IO_FILE *, __off64_t, int);extern void _IO_free_backup_area (_IO_FILE *) throw ();
# 527 "/usr/include/libio.h" 3 4
}
# 75 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4typedef __gnuc_va_list va_list;
# 90 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
typedef __off_t off_t;typedef __off64_t off64_t;typedef __ssize_t ssize_t;typedef _G_fpos_t fpos_t;typedef _G_fpos64_t fpos64_t;
# 164 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
# 1 "/usr/include/bits/stdio_lim.h" 1 3 4
# 165 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout;
extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr;extern int remove (const char *__filename) throw ();extern int rename (const char *__old, const char *__new) throw ();extern int renameat (int __oldfd, const char *__old, int __newfd,const char *__new) throw ();extern FILE *tmpfile (void) ;
# 205 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *tmpfile64 (void) ;extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) throw () ;extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) throw () ;
# 227 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *tempnam (const char *__dir, const char *__pfx)throw () __attribute__ ((__malloc__)) ;extern int fclose (FILE *__stream);extern int fflush (FILE *__stream);# 252 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
# 262 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fcloseall (void);extern FILE *fopen (const char *__restrict __filename,const char *__restrict __modes) ;extern FILE *freopen (const char *__restrict __filename,const char *__restrict __modes,FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
# 295 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4extern FILE *fopen64 (const char *__restrict __filename,const char *__restrict __modes) ;
extern FILE *freopen64 (const char *__restrict __filename,const char *__restrict __modes,FILE *__restrict __stream) ;extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, const char *__modes) throw () ;extern FILE *fopencookie (void *__restrict __magic_cookie,const char *__restrict __modes,_IO_cookie_io_functions_t __io_funcs) throw () ;extern FILE *fmemopen (void *__s, size_t __len, const char *__modes)throw () ;extern FILE *open_memstream (char **__bufloc, size_t *__sizeloc) throw () ;extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) throw ();extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,int __modes, size_t __n) throw ();extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,size_t __size) throw ();extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) throw ();extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,const char *__restrict __format, ...);extern int printf (const char *__restrict __format, ...);extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,const char *__restrict __format, ...) throw ();extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,__gnuc_va_list __arg);extern int vprintf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg);extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,__gnuc_va_list __arg) throw ();extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,const char *__restrict __format, ...)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)));extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 0)));extern int vasprintf (char **__restrict __ptr, const char *__restrict __f,__gnuc_va_list __arg)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0))) ;
extern int __asprintf (char **__restrict __ptr,const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3))) ;
extern int asprintf (char **__restrict __ptr,const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3))) ;extern int vdprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt,__gnuc_va_list __arg)__attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
extern int dprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)__attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) ;extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,const char *__restrict __format, ...) throw ();
# 463 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,__gnuc_va_list __arg)__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) ;extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) ;extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,const char *__restrict __format, __gnuc_va_list __arg)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
# 522 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
extern int getc (FILE *__stream);extern int getchar (void);# 550 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
# 561 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream);extern int putchar (int __c);# 594 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c);extern int getw (FILE *__stream);extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream);extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream);
# 638 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *gets (char *__s) __attribute__ ((__deprecated__));# 649 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern char *fgets_unlocked (char *__restrict __s, int __n,FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
# 665 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern __ssize_t __getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern __ssize_t getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,FILE *__restrict __stream) ;extern __ssize_t getline (char **__restrict __lineptr,size_t *__restrict __n,FILE *__restrict __stream) ;extern int fputs (const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream);extern int puts (const char *__s);extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream);extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;extern size_t fwrite (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s);# 726 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fputs_unlocked (const char *__restrict __s,FILE *__restrict __stream);
# 737 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) ;
extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream);extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence);extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) ;extern void rewind (FILE *__stream);# 773 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence);extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) ;
# 792 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);
# 815 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4extern int fseeko64 (FILE *__stream, __off64_t __off, int __whence);
extern __off64_t ftello64 (FILE *__stream) ;
extern int fgetpos64 (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos64_t *__restrict __pos);
extern int fsetpos64 (FILE *__stream, const fpos64_t *__pos);extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) throw ();extern int feof (FILE *__stream) throw () ;extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) throw () ;extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) throw ();
extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) throw () ;
extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) throw () ;extern void perror (const char *__s);# 1 "/usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h" 1 3 4
# 26 "/usr/include/bits/sys_errlist.h" 3 4
extern int sys_nerr;
extern const char *const sys_errlist[];extern int _sys_nerr;
extern const char *const _sys_errlist[];
# 854 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 2 3 4extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) throw () ;extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) throw () ;
# 873 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
extern FILE *popen (const char *__command, const char *__modes) ;extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);extern char *ctermid (char *__s) throw ();extern char *cuserid (char *__s);struct obstack;extern int obstack_printf (struct obstack *__restrict __obstack,const char *__restrict __format, ...)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
extern int obstack_vprintf (struct obstack *__restrict __obstack,const char *__restrict __format,__gnuc_va_list __args)throw () __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) throw ();extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) throw () ;extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) throw ();
# 943 "/usr/include/stdio.h" 3 4
}
# 8 "test1.c" 2int main(){puts("hello world!\n");printf("max(%d,%d):%d\n", (10), (20), ( ((10)) > ((20)) ? ((10)) : ((20)) ));return 0;
}

尾声：

        如果不知道如何寻找头文件，可以参考：gcc/g++：预编译阶段寻找头文件-CSDN博客

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