本篇文章旨在记录我电赛期间使用openmv和stm32单片机之间进行串口通信，将openmv识别到的坐标传输给单片机。背景是基于2023年全国大学生电子设计大赛E题：舵机云台追踪识别。
单片机的串口通信原理我便不再详细讲解，下面直接上代码分析。
值得注意的是接线：RX——>TX
TX——>RX
单片机和OPENMV必须共地
非常重要！！！！
一、串口通信传输两个数据（x坐标和y坐标）
（一）、 OPENMV串口通信部分
import sensor, image, time,math,pyb
from pyb import UART,LED
import json
import ustructsensor.reset()
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565)
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QVGA)
sensor.skip_frames(time = 2000)
sensor.set_auto_gain(False) # must be turned off for color tracking
sensor.set_auto_whitebal(False) # must be turned off for color tracking
red_threshold_01=(10, 100, 127, 32, -43, 67)
clock = time.clock()uart = UART(3,115200) #定义串口3变量
uart.init(115200, bits=8, parity=None, stop=1) # init with given parametersdef find_max(blobs): #定义寻找色块面积最大的函数max_size=0for blob in blobs:if blob.pixels() > max_size:max_blob=blobmax_size = blob.pixels()return max_blobdef sending_data(cx,cy,cw,ch):global uart;#frame=[0x2C,18,cx%0xff,int(cx/0xff),cy%0xff,int(cy/0xff),0x5B];#data = bytearray(frame)data = ustruct.pack("<bbhhhhb", #格式为俩个字符俩个短整型(2字节)0x2C, #帧头10x12, #帧头2int(cx), # up sample by 4 #数据1int(cy), # up sample by 4 #数据2int(cw), # up sample by 4 #数据1int(ch), # up sample by 4 #数据20x5B)uart.write(data); #必须要传入一个字节数组while(True):clock.tick()img = sensor.snapshot()blobs = img.find_blobs([red_threshold_01])max_b = find_max(blobs)cx=0;cy=0;if blobs:#如果找到了目标颜色cx=max_b[5]cy=max_b[6]cw=max_b[2]ch=max_b[3]img.draw_rectangle(max_b[0:4]) # rectimg.draw_cross(max_b[5], max_b[6]) # cx, cyFH = bytearray([0x2C,0x12,cx,cy,cw,ch,0x5B])#sending_data(cx,cy,cw,ch)uart.write(FH)print(cx,cy,cw,ch)
注意观察下图标注的部分，我不做详细讲解，但是很容易理解：
接下来请看STM32串口通信部分的代码：
#include "uart.h"
#include "oled.h"
#include "stdio.h"static u8 Cx=0,Cy=0,Cw=0,Ch=0;void USART1_Init(void)
{//USART1_TX:PA 9 //USART1_RX:PA10GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure; //串口端口配置结构体变量USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure; //串口参数配置结构体变量NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure; //串口中断配置结构体变量RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1, ENABLE); RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE); //打开PA端口时钟//USART1_TX PA9GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9; //PA9GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //设定IO口的输出速度为50MHzGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP; //复用推挽输出GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化PA9//USART1_RX PA10GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10; //PA10GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化PA10 //USART1 NVIC 配置NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART1_IRQn;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority=0 ; //抢占优先级0NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 2; //子优先级2NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE; //IRQ通道使能NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //根据指定的参数初始化VIC寄存器//USART 初始化设置USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200; //串口波特率为115200USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //字长为8位数据格式USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //一个停止位USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No; //无奇偶校验位USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None; //无硬件数据流控制USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx; //收发模式USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化串口1USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE); //使能中断USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE); //使能串口1//如下语句解决第1个字节无法正确发送出去的问题USART_ClearFlag(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC); //清串口1发送标志}//USART1 全局中断服务函数
void USART1_IRQHandler(void)
{u8 com_data; u8 i;static u8 RxCounter1=0;static u16 RxBuffer1[10]={0};static u8 RxState = 0; static u8 RxFlag1 = 0;if( USART_GetITStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE)!=RESET) //接收中断 {USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE); //清除中断标志com_data = USART_ReceiveData(USART1);if(RxState==0&&com_data==0x2C) //0x2c帧头{RxState=1;RxBuffer1[RxCounter1++]=com_data;OLED_Refresh();}else if(RxState==1&&com_data==0x12) //0x12帧头{RxState=2;RxBuffer1[RxCounter1++]=com_data;}else if(RxState==2){RxBuffer1[RxCounter1++]=com_data;if(RxCounter1>=10||com_data == 0x5B) //RxBuffer1接受满了,接收数据结束{RxState=3;RxFlag1=1;Cx=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-5];Cy=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-4];Cw=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-3];Ch=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-2];}}else if(RxState==3) //检测是否接受到结束标志{if(RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-1] == 0x5B){USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,DISABLE);//关闭DTSABLE中断if(RxFlag1){OLED_Refresh();OLED_ShowNum(0, 0,Cx,3,16,1);OLED_ShowNum(0,17,Cy,3,16,1);OLED_ShowNum(0,33,Cw,3,16,1);OLED_ShowNum(0,49,Ch,3,16,1);}RxFlag1 = 0;RxCounter1 = 0;RxState = 0;USART_ITConfig(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE);}else //接收错误{RxState = 0;RxCounter1=0;for(i=0;i<10;i++){RxBuffer1[i]=0x00; //将存放数据数组清零}}} else //接收异常{RxState = 0;RxCounter1=0;for(i=0;i<10;i++){RxBuffer1[i]=0x00; //将存放数据数组清零}}}}
注意观察下面的图：
二、串口通信传输多个数据（四个点的x、y坐标同时传输给STM32单片机）
（一）OPENMV串口部分
from machine import Pin
import sensor, image, time, pyb
#import seekfree
from pyb import UART# 初始化TFT180屏幕
#lcd = seekfree.LCD180(3)# 初始化摄像头
sensor.reset()
sensor.set_pixformat(sensor.RGB565) # 设置图像色彩格式为RGB565格式
sensor.set_framesize(sensor.QQVGA) # 设置图像大小为160*120
sensor.set_auto_whitebal(True) # 设置自动白平衡
sensor.set_brightness(3000) # 设置亮度为3000
sensor.skip_frames(time = 20) # 跳过帧
uart = UART(3, 115200,timeout_char=3000) #配置串口
clock = time.clock()def sending_data(cx,cy,cw,ch):global uart;data = ustruct.pack("<bbhhb", #格式为俩个字符俩个短整型(2字节)0x2C, #帧头10x12, #帧头2int (cx1), # up sample by 4 #数据26int (cy1),int (cx2), # up sample by 4 #数据26int (cy2),int (cx3), # up sample by 4 #数据26int (cy3),int (cx4), # up sample by 4 #数据26int (cy4),0x5B)uart.write(data); #必须要传入一个字节数组while(True):clock.tick()img = sensor.snapshot()# -----矩形框部分-----# 在图像中寻找矩形for r in img.find_rects(threshold = 10000):# 判断矩形边长是否符合要求if r.w() > 20 and r.h() > 20:# 在屏幕上框出矩形img.draw_rectangle(r.rect(), color = (255, 0, 0), scale = 4)# 获取矩形角点位置corner = r.corners()# 在屏幕上圈出矩形角点img.draw_circle(corner[0][0], corner[0][1], 5, color = (0, 0, 255), thickness = 2, fill = False)img.draw_circle(corner[1][0], corner[1][1], 5, color = (0, 0, 255), thickness = 2, fill = False)img.draw_circle(corner[2][0], corner[2][1], 5, color = (0, 0, 255), thickness = 2, fill = False)img.draw_circle(corner[3][0], corner[3][1], 5, color = (0, 0, 255), thickness = 2, fill = False)# 打印四个角点坐标, 角点1的数组是corner[0], 坐标就是(corner[0][0],corner[0][1])# 角点检测输出的角点排序每次不一定一致，矩形左上的角点有可能是corner0,1,2,3其中一个corner1_str = f"corner1 = ({corner[0][0]},{corner[0][1]})"corner2_str = f"corner2 = ({corner[1][0]},{corner[1][1]})"corner3_str = f"corner3 = ({corner[2][0]},{corner[2][1]})"corner4_str = f"corner4 = ({corner[3][0]},{corner[3][1]})"print(corner1_str + "\n" + corner2_str + "\n" + corner3_str + "\n" + corner4_str)# 显示到屏幕上，此部分会降低帧率#lcd.show_image(img, 160, 120, 0, 0, zoom=0) #屏幕显示#串口通信传输的数据cx1=(int)(corner[0][0]*10)cy1=(int)(corner[0][1]*10)cx2=(int)(corner[1][0]*10)cy2=(int)(corner[1][1]*10)cx3=(int)(corner[2][0]*10)cy3=(int)(corner[2][1]*10)cx4=(int)(corner[3][0]*10)cy4=(int)(corner[3][1]*10)FH=bytearray([0x2C,0x12,cx1,cy1,cx2,cy2,cx3,cy3,cx4,cy4,0x5B])uart.write(FH)cx1=0cy1=0cx2=0cy2=0cx3=0cy3=0cx4=0cy4=0# 打印帧率print(clock.fps())
下面请观察这幅代码截图：
（二）、STM32串口通信部分
#include "stm32f10x.h" // Device header
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include "OLED.h"
#include "LED.h"
#include "Serial.h"uint8_t Serial_RxData;
uint8_t Serial_RxFlag;
static int16_t Cx1=0,Cy1=0,Cx2=0,Cy2=0,Cx3=0,Cy3=0,Cx4=0,Cy4=0; int Cx5[16];//用于存放分段求的坐标值
int Cy5[16];
//static u8 RxFlag1 = 0;//串口中断接收标志位extern float Ang1,Ang2,AngFlag;
extern float Angle1,Angle2;int avel_X1 ;
int avel_X2 ;
int avel_X3 ;
int avel_X4 ;int avel_Y1 ;
int avel_Y2 ;
int avel_Y3 ;
int avel_Y4 ;void Serial_Init(void)
{RCC_APB1PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB1Periph_USART3, ENABLE);RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOB, ENABLE);//TXGPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);//RXGPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IPU;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_11;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStructure);USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure;USART_InitStructure.USART_BaudRate = 115200;USART_InitStructure.USART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;USART_InitStructure.USART_Mode = USART_Mode_Tx | USART_Mode_Rx;USART_InitStructure.USART_Parity = USART_Parity_No;USART_InitStructure.USART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1;USART_InitStructure.USART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b;USART_Init(USART3, &USART_InitStructure);USART_ITConfig(USART3, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_2);NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel = USART3_IRQn;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 1;NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 1;NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure);USART_Cmd(USART3, ENABLE);
}void Serial_SendByte(uint8_t Byte)
{USART_SendData(USART3, Byte);while (USART_GetFlagStatus(USART3, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);
}void Serial_SendArray(uint8_t *Array, uint16_t Length)
{uint16_t i;for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++){Serial_SendByte(Array[i]);}
}void Serial_SendString(char *String)
{uint8_t i;for (i = 0; String[i] != '\0'; i ++){Serial_SendByte(String[i]);}
}uint32_t Serial_Pow(uint32_t X, uint32_t Y)
{uint32_t Result = 1;while (Y --){Result *= X;}return Result;
}void Serial_SendNumber(uint32_t Number, uint8_t Length)
{uint8_t i;for (i = 0; i < Length; i ++){Serial_SendByte(Number / Serial_Pow(10, Length - i - 1) % 10 + '0');}
}int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)
{Serial_SendByte(ch);return ch;
}void Serial_Printf(char *format, ...)
{char String[100];va_list arg;va_start(arg, format);vsprintf(String, format, arg);va_end(arg);Serial_SendString(String);
}
//USART3 全局中断服务函数
void USART3_IRQHandler(void)
{int com_data; u8 i;u8 Jieshou = 1;static u8 RxCounter1=0;static int RxBuffer1[16]={0};static u8 RxState = 0; static u8 RxFlag1 = 0;//串口中断接收标志位，已被移除至函数体外作为全局变量if( USART_GetITStatus(USART3,USART_IT_RXNE)!=RESET && Jieshou == 1) //接收中断 {
// OLED_ShowSignedNum(1,1,520,4);USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART3,USART_IT_RXNE); //清除中断标志com_data = USART_ReceiveData(USART3);if(Jieshou == 1){if(RxState==0&&com_data==0x2C) //0x2c帧头{RxBuffer1[RxCounter1++]=com_data;RxState=1;}else if(RxState==1&&com_data==0x12) //0x12帧头{RxBuffer1[RxCounter1++]=com_data;RxState=2;} else if(RxState==2){RxBuffer1[RxCounter1++]=com_data;if(RxCounter1>=14||com_data == 0x5B) //RxBuffer1接受满了,接收数据结束{RxState=3;RxFlag1=1;Jieshou = 2;Cx1=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-9];Cy1=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-8];Cx2=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-7];Cy2=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-6];Cx3=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-5];Cy3=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-4];Cx4=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-3];Cy4=RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-2];OLED_ShowSignedNum(1,1,Cx1,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(2,1,Cy1,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(3,1,Cx2,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(4,1,Cy2,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(1,7,Cx3,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(2,7,Cy3,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(3,7,Cx4,4);OLED_ShowSignedNum(4,7,Cy4,4);}}}else if(RxState==3) //检测是否接受到结束标志{if(RxBuffer1[RxCounter1-1] == 0x5B){USART_ITConfig(USART3,USART_IT_RXNE,DISABLE);//关闭DTSABLE中断if(RxFlag1){ AngFlag=0;HuanRaoZuoBiao();
//
// OLED_ShowSignedNum(1,1,Cx1,4);// OLED_ShowSignedNum(2,1,Cx2,4);
// OLED_ShowSignedNum(3,1,avel_X1,4);
// OLED_ShowSignedNum(4,1,Cx5[0],4);AngFlag=1;RxFlag1 = 0;RxCounter1 = 0;RxState = 0; }USART_ITConfig(USART3,USART_IT_RXNE,ENABLE); }else //接收错误{RxState = 0;RxCounter1=0;for(i=0;i<10;i++){RxBuffer1[i]=0x00; //将存放数据数组清零}}} else //接收异常{RxState = 0;RxCounter1=0;for(i=0;i<10;i++){RxBuffer1[i]=0x00; //将存放数据数组清零}}}}
注意观察下面这副代码截图：
以上便是我对电赛期间OPENMV与单片机之间实现串口通信的代码实现。学者若有疑问或需要代码工程，可以私聊我。收到后我会及时回复。
