背景知识:
- 主动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
- 被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
法则一:一山不容二虎原则(主伴doing,被伴ed)
详解:
【一句话中不能同时出现两个动词,除非这两个动词分别出现在从句和主句中,或者用and/but
/or/when连接,也就是非谓语动词形式】
例题:
1.He got up,and then went out. 他起来,然后出去了。(and连接)
2.When he got up,he turned on the radio.他起床后,打开了收音机。(When连接词)
逗号隔开的两个半句:
1>.不能同时出现两个动词,必须使用连接词连接一下;
2>.不能同是没有连接词,也不能同是都有连接词;
3>.两个动词的时态要一致;
3.Listening to music,he brushed his teeth. 听着音乐,他刷牙。(Listening 现在分词做主动伴随)he -> listen;如果he可以主动listen,用ing;
4.Followed by his father,he went out. 在他父亲的跟随下,他出门了。(Followed 非谓语动词做被动伴随) (by出现就是被动语态)
he -> follow; he不能主动跟随自己,用ed;
5.Walking in the rain,he felt cold. 在雨中行走时,他感到很冷。同3 (in 是介词,中的意思)
6.Tied back,his hands couldn't be see. 被绑在背后,看不见他的手。同4 (be see 被看见 被动语态)
法则二:使役动词
详解:
【let、have、make、get等使役动词,之后如果出现动词,要用原型(get除外),但如果是被动语态,则要加to。】被动语态很神奇,永远和to在一起
1>.have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事(一次性)。(get sb. to do sth.)
2>.have sth./sb. doing. 让某事处于持续不停的状态之中。 五星
3>.have sth. done. 使得某物被做。(过去分词表示被动) 五星
例题:
1.I make him water the tree. 我让他给树浇水。规则一
2.He is made to water the tree. 他被要求给树浇水。(is出现即是被动)被动语态,则要加to
3.The teacher had Mary clean the classroom two days ago. 两天前老师让玛丽打扫教室。规则一
4.He had us running for one hour. 他让我们跑了一个小时。 规则二
5.We had the machine mended just now. 刚才机器被我们修好了。规则三
6.I got him to do his homework bofore dinner. 晚饭前我让他做作业。规则一
7.They let me enter the house. 他们让我进屋。规则一
法则三:感官动词的不定式
详解:
【see、watch、notice 注意、hear、listen to(sth.)、observe 观察、feel等表达感官动词的不定式均不带to;表示被动需加to】
see/watch/observer/notice/look at/hear/listen to/smell/taste/feel
+do 表示动作的完整性,真实性(全过程)
+doing 表示动作的连续性(正在进行)
例题:
1.I heard someone knocking at the door when i fell sleep. 我入睡时有人正在敲门。
2.I heard someone knock at the door three times. 我听见有人敲了三次门。
3.I often watch my classmates play volleyball after school. 我经常看到我同学在课后玩排球。
4.We saw him go into the restaurant. 我们看到他走进餐厅。
-> He was seen to go into the restaurant. (被动)
5.I hear the boy cry every day. 我每天都听到这个男孩哭。
-> The boy is heard to cry every day. (被动)
法则四:感官动词其他考点(必考)
详解:
【look、sound、smell、taste、feel等词可当系动词,这类词之后要跟形容词,不能跟副词】
例题:
1.He looks angry. 他看起来很生气。 angry 形容词,不能使用 angrily 副词
2.It sounds good. 听起来不错。good 形容词, 不能使用well 副词
3.The flowers smell beautiful. 这些花闻起来很美妙。beautiful 形容词, beautifully 副词
4.The sweets taste sweet. 这些糖果尝起来很甜。sweet 形容词,sweetly 副词
5.The silk feels soft. 丝绸摸起来柔软。
6.I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 我昨天看到他在花园里干活。法则三复习
7.I saw hime working in the garden yesterday. 我昨天看到他在花园里干活。法则三复习
法则五:不定式做结果状语的固定搭配
详解:
1>.too + adj./adv. + to do (太...而不能...)
2>.so + adj./adv. + as (not) to do / that 从句 (如此...以至于能(不能)...)(如此...以至于...)
3>.such + n. + as to do / 从句 (那么...以至于...)
4>.adj./adv. + enough to do (足够...去做...)
例题:
1.He is too young to go to school. 他太小了,不能上学。
2.She is so quiet as to stay at home all day. 她安静得整天呆在家里。
3.Just now they were so happy that they jumped. 刚才他们高兴得跳了起来。that 从句要有过去时态
=> Just now they were so happy as to jump. (so XX as to 动词原型)
4.We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人,以至于能够相信他。fools 名词,蠢人
5.He is brave enough to save the girl. 他足够勇敢救了那个女孩。