1.模板起源

1.模板的定义

1.针对函数属性模板

//针对函数属性
template <class VOID >
VOID print1(int a) {cout << a << endl;
}

2.针对数据属性模板

//针对数据属性
template <typename INT,typename FLOAT>
void print2(INT a,FLOAT b) {cout << a << b << endl;
}

3.main

int main() {print1<void>(1);print2<int,float>(2,3.3);
}

结果：

2.模板与重载的结合

1.class MM

class MM {
public:MM() {}MM(int age,string name):age(age),name(name) {}int getAge() {return age;}string getName() {return name;}
private:int age;string name;
};

2.模板与流重载的匹配

template<class XX>
void print(XX a) {cout << a << endl;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,MM mm) {out << mm.getAge() << mm.getName() << endl;return out;
}

3.main

int main() {MM mm[3] = { {12,"女生"},{18,"女神"},{23,"女汉子"} };cout << mm[0] << mm[1] << mm[2] << endl;return 0;
}

结果：

补充：我们可以对流重载使用友元函数，解决无法访问内部类的问题

1.class MM

class MM {//友元类friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MM mm);
private:
public:MM() {}MM(int age,string name):age(age),name(name) {}int age;string name;
};

2.模板与流重载

template<class XX>
void print(XX a) {cout << a << endl;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out,MM mm) {out << mm.age << mm.name << endl;return out;
}

3.main

int main() {MM mm[3] = { {12,"女生"},{18,"女神"},{23,"女汉子"} };cout << mm[0] << mm[1] << mm[2] << endl;return 0;
}

结果：

3.模板类

继承模板类后，成员函数与子类都需要加模板申明，麻烦很少用