新概念英语第二册（49）下

【Key structures】

复合句的语序

复合句可用两种方法构成：一是用连词把从句与主句连接起来；二是用分词结构或不定式。

1、用连词连接的复合句

① 在复合句中，从句可以是名词从句（即起名词的作用）。在句子中，它可以作主语、宾语或 be 等系

动词的表语，一般由 that 引导，有时也用 what（疑问词引导的除外）

I know (that) the meeting will be put off.

② 从句可以是关系（或形容词）从句，关系代词通常有 who，whom，that，which 和 whose。

③ 从句可以是状语（或副词）从句，时间状语连词有 when，after，before，as soon as，until，while， as，since 等；地点状语从句连词有 where，everywhere，anywhere 等；方式状语从句连词有 as 或短语 in the way (that)等，方式状语从句在动词 be，feel，seem，appear 等后面也可以由连词 as if 和 as though 来引导；原因状语从句由 because，as 等引导；条件状语从句可由 if 及其他连词引导；让步状语从句使句子具有对比的因素，它们一般由连词although，though，even though，even if 等引导；目的状语从句可由 so that，in order that 等连词引导；结果状语从句描述结果，可由 so+形容词+that 引导，也可由 such (a) +（形容词） + 名词 + that 来引导；比较状语从句结构包括 as +形容词/副词 + as，not so/as … as，形容词/副词的比较级

+than，more…than，less…than 等

He has been ill since he came back from his holidays.

With a special train ticket, you can travel anywhere/everywhere you like in Europe for just over $100. Type this again as/in the way (that) I showed you just now.

As you can’t go yourself, you’ll have to ask Susan go for you.

既然你自己不能去，那你就请苏珊替你去吧。

2、分词结构的复合句

① 用现在分词结构可以代替时间从句、原因从句、关系从句等，现在分词结构的这种用法仅限于两个动作的主语一致的时候。用它代替时间从句时，分词结构表示的动作如果发生在前，则分词结构要位于主语前；如果两个动作同时发生，那么分词结构既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后。分词结构位于主句前面时，要用逗号隔开。

I got very angry speaking to them.

Feeling tired, I went to bed earlier than usual.

Following his mom, he went there.(主动概念, 跟着他母亲去了那儿)

② 过去分词结构常用于比较正式的文体，往往代替被动语态

Damaged in an accident, the car has now been repaired.

Followed by his mom, he went there. (被动概念, 被他母亲带着跟着去了那儿) 3、不定式结构的复合句

这种结构通常可以代替表示目的或表示条件的状语从句：

To get into university you have to pass a number of examinations.