此页面中列出的具名要求,是 C++ 标准的规范性文本中使用的具名要求,用于定义标准库的期待。
某些具名要求在 C++20 中正在以概念语言特性进行形式化。在那之前,确保以满足这些要求的模板实参实例化标准库模板是程序员的重担。若不这么做,则可能导致非常复杂的编译器诊断。
指定该对象可以析构
指定该类型的实例可被析构。
要求
以下情况下,类型 T
满足可析构 (Destructible) :
给定
T
类型的表达式u
则下列表达式必须合法且拥有其指定的效果
表达式 | 后条件 |
---|---|
u.~T() | u 所拥有的全部资源都得到回收,不抛异常。 |
注解
在对象生存期结束(例如在离开作用域时或由于 delete 表达式)时隐式调用析构函数。如类型要求表中所示的显式析构函数调用是罕见的。
拜伪析构函数调用所赐,所有标量类型都满足可析构 (Destructible) 的要求,而数组类型和引用类型则不满足。注意 std::is_destructible 允许数组与引用类型。
调用示例
#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>//编译器生成默认构造函数
struct A
{
};struct B
{std::string str; // 成员拥有非平凡默认构造函数
};struct C
{std::string str; // 成员拥有非平凡默认构造函数C() throw (int) //构造函数抛异常{}
};struct MyClass
{int ma;int mb;~MyClass(){std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__ << std::endl;}MyClass(): ma(101), mb(102){std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__<< " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb<< std::endl;}MyClass(int a, int b): ma(a), mb(b){std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__<< " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb<< std::endl;}MyClass(const MyClass &obj){this->ma = obj.ma;this->mb = obj.mb;std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__<< " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb<< std::endl;}MyClass(MyClass &&obj){this->ma = obj.ma;this->mb = obj.mb;std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__<< " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb<< std::endl;}MyClass & operator =(MyClass &&obj){this->ma = obj.ma;this->mb = obj.mb;std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__<< " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb<< std::endl;return *this;}MyClass & operator =(const MyClass &obj){this->ma = obj.ma;this->mb = obj.mb;std::cout << this << " " << __FUNCTION__ << " " << __LINE__<< " a:" << ma << " b:" << mb<< std::endl;return *this;}
};int main()
{std::cout << std::boolalpha;std::cout << "std::is_destructible<int>::value: "<< std::is_destructible<int>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_trivially_destructible<int>::value: "<< std::is_trivially_destructible<int>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_destructible<int>::value: "<< std::is_nothrow_destructible<int>::value << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_destructible<A>::value: "<< std::is_destructible<A>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_trivially_destructible<A>::value: "<< std::is_trivially_destructible<A>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_destructible<A>::value: "<< std::is_nothrow_destructible<A>::value << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_destructible<B>::value: "<< std::is_destructible<B>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_trivially_destructible<B>::value: "<< std::is_trivially_destructible<B>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_destructible<B>::value: "<< std::is_nothrow_destructible<B>::value << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_destructible<C>::value: "<< std::is_destructible<C>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_trivially_destructible<C>::value: "<< std::is_trivially_destructible<C>::value << std::endl;std::cout << "std::is_nothrow_destructible<C>::value: "<< std::is_nothrow_destructible<C>::value << std::endl;std::cout << std::endl;{MyClass myClass1 = {101, 102};//t = rv T& t 若 t 与 rv 不指代同一对象,则 t 的值等价于 rv 在赋值前的值。rv 的新值未指定MyClass() = myClass1;//u.~T() u 所拥有的全部资源都得到回收,不抛异常。myClass1.~MyClass();}return 0;
}
输出
std::is_destructible<int>::value: true
std::is_trivially_destructible<int>::value: true
std::is_nothrow_destructible<int>::value: truestd::is_destructible<A>::value: true
std::is_trivially_destructible<A>::value: true
std::is_nothrow_destructible<A>::value: truestd::is_destructible<B>::value: true
std::is_trivially_destructible<B>::value: false
std::is_nothrow_destructible<B>::value: truestd::is_destructible<C>::value: true
std::is_trivially_destructible<C>::value: false
std::is_nothrow_destructible<C>::value: true0x61fe80 MyClass 41 a:101 b:102
0x61fe88 MyClass 34 a:101 b:102
0x61fe88 operator= 78 a:101 b:102
0x61fe88 ~MyClass 29
0x61fe80 ~MyClass 29
0x61fe80 ~MyClass 29