ipv6路由协议配置

The IPV6 address is 128 bits. Whereas IPV4 is represented by 4 groups of decimal numbers, same IPV6 is represented by 8 groups of hexadecimal numbers. The example of IPV6 address is 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

IPV6地址是128位。 IPV4由4组十进制数字表示，而相同的IPV6由8组十六进制数字表示。 IPV6地址的示例是2001：0db8：85a3：0000：0000：8a2e：0370：7334 。

As you are seeing the IPV6 address has been divided into 3 parts. Each part has different significance. Global prefix part network ID is used for routing. Its size is 48 bits. These are represented by the initial 3 groups.

如您所见，IPV6地址已分为3部分。 每个部分都有不同的意义。 全局前缀部分网络ID用于路由。 它的大小是48位。 这些由最初的3组代表。

The subnet field comes after the global prefix field, it contains a number that is used to identify the subnetwork. Its size is 16 bits. The Interface ID uniquely identifies any host. This ID identifies the host as unique and globally also. Its size is 64 bits.

子网字段位于全局前缀字段之后，它包含一个用于标识子网的数字。 它的大小是16位。 接口ID唯一标识任何主机。 此ID将主机标识为唯一，并且在全局上也将其标识。 它的大小是64位。

You can also use shorthand expressions to write IPV6 addresses. For example, if you wish, you can also type the IPV6 address given above.

您也可以使用简写形式来编写IPV6地址。 例如，如果您愿意，也可以键入上面给出的IPV6地址。

    2001:0db8:85a3:0:0:8a2e:0370:7334.

The groups in which all the zeros were represented on are represented by the single zero. You can do this with all the groups in which all the zeroes are present. When two such groups in which all the zeros come together, then you can replace them with a double colon as given below.

表示所有零的组由单个零表示。 您可以对所有包含零的组进行此操作。 当两个这样的组中所有零都在一起时，可以用双冒号代替它们，如下所示。

    2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334.

IPV6标头 (IPV6 Header)

By looking at the IPV6 address, if you are thinking that the IPV6 header is very big and complicated, then it is not so. The designers of IPV6 have designed the IPV6 header in such a way that it should be the least field in which it performs as many tasks as possible. The IPV6 header contains 8 fields. Its size is 40 bytes.

通过查看IPV6地址，如果您认为IPV6标头很大并且很复杂，那么事实并非如此。 IPV6的设计者已经设计IPV6标头，使得它应该是执行尽可能多的任务的最小字段。 IPV6标头包含8个字段。 它的大小是40个字节。

This is a very simple header that you can easily understand. Now let's try to know about different IPV6 header fields in detail.

这是一个非常简单的标题，您可以轻松理解。 现在，让我们尝试详细了解不同的IPV6标头字段。

1. Version

   版

   This field has value 6. This field defines the version of internet protocol. The size of this field is 4 bits.

   该字段的值为6。此字段定义Internet协议的版本。 该字段的大小为4位。

2. Class

   类

   This field represents the traffic class. Its size is 8 bit. This field is similar to the Type of Service field of IPV4 header.

   该字段表示流量类别。 它的大小是8位。 该字段类似于IPV4标头的“服务类型”字段。

3. Flow Label

   流标签

   The size of this field is 24 bits. This field is used to mark packet and traffic flow. This field tells the sequence of packets that flow from source to destination.

   该字段的大小为24位。 此字段用于标记数据包和流量。 该字段告诉从源流向目的地的数据包顺序。

4. Payload Length

   有效载荷长度

   This field stores the size of the data. The size of this field is not fixed.

   该字段存储数据的大小。 该字段的大小不固定。

5. Next Header

   下一个标题

   This field tells you what the next header will be. This feature is not available in IPV4.

   该字段告诉您下一个标题是什么。 IPV4中不提供此功能。

6. Hop Limit

   跳数限制

   This field tells you how many hops (routers) IPv6 packets will cross before being destroyed.

   该字段告诉您IPv6数据包在销毁之前将经过多少跳(路由器)。

7. Source Address

   源地址

   In this field, the source host's 128-bit IPV6 address is defined.

   在此字段中，定义了源主机的128位IPV6地址。

8. Destination Address

   目的地址

   In this field, the destination host of 128-bit IPV6 address is stored.

   在此字段中，存储了128位IPV6地址的目标主机。

IPV6路由协议 (IPV6 Routing Protocols)

All the routing protocols you've read so far were not able to support all of IPV6. So some of them were abolished and some were upgraded to work with IPV6.

到目前为止，您阅读的所有路由协议都无法支持所有IPV6。 因此，其中一些已被废止，一些已升级以与IPV6一起使用。

By upgrading the protocol, the techniques used for IPV4 routing protocols will also be used with IPV6. This will not help you to understand IPV6 routing.

通过升级协议，用于IPV4路由协议的技术也将与IPV6一起使用。 这不会帮助您了解IPV6路由。

As you know, broadcasting in IPV6 has been completely abolished. Therefore, protocols that use broadcasting cannot work with IPV6.

如您所知，IPV6中的广播已被完全取消。 因此，使用广播的协议不能与IPV6一起使用。

Mainly works with IPV6 3 routing protocols. In CCNA exams, you will only be asked about IPV6 static routing and OSPFv3. Let's now learn about these protocols. Static routing will be explained in the configuration part.

主要与IPV6 3路由协议一起使用。 在CCNA考试中，只会询问您IPV6静态路由和OSPFv3。 现在让我们了解这些协议。 静态路由将在配置部分中说明。

1. RIPng

   雷朋

   The full name of RIPng is Routing Information Protocol Next Generation. This protocol is an upgraded version of the RIP used with IPV4, which has been upgraded to work with IPV6. This is an Interior Gateway Protocol that uses distance vector algorithm to determine the best route.

   RIPng的全名是“下一代路由信息协议”。 该协议是用于IPV4的RIP的升级版本，已升级为可与IPV6一起使用。 这是一个内部网关协议，它使用距离矢量算法来确定最佳路线。

2. EIGRPv6

   EIGRPv6

   The EIGRP for IPV6 includes the same features that are available in the EIGRP version of IPV4. Also, most operations are performed in the same way as IPV4 performs in the EIGRP. But there are some differences in these versions as if EIGRPv6 is configured on straight router interfaces and if the router ID is not, then you can not configure EIGRPv6 etc.

   用于IPV6的EIGRP包含与IPV4的EIGRP版本相同的功能。 同样，大多数操作都与IPV4在EIGRP中执行的方式相同。 但是这些版本存在一些差异，就好像在直接路由器接口上配置了EIGRPv6一样，如果没有配置路由器ID，则无法配置EIGRPv6等。

3. OSPFv3

   OSPFv3

   OSPFv3 is a link state routing protocol. This is an upgraded version of OSPF used with IPV4. It has been upgraded to work with IPV6. All of its basic features are the same as found in OSPF.

   OSPFv3是链路状态路由协议。 这是与IPV4一起使用的OSPF的升级版本。 已升级为可与IPV6一起使用。 它的所有基本功能都与OSPF中的相同。

翻译自: https://www.includehelp.com/computer-networks/ipv6-addressing-header-and-routing-protocols.aspx

ipv6路由协议配置