. 前提：
mysql5.6.6以上的版本以上的版本才支持单表指定目录，且目录权限是MySQL:mysql。 在mysql中数据文件存放于在my.cnf中datadir指定的路径，使用的表引擎不同产生的文件格式、表文件个数也会有所差异。 mysql的表引擎有多种，表的扩展名也不一样，如innodb用“ .ibd”，archive用“.arc ”，csv用“.csv”等。
1.步骤详解
步骤一：设定my.cnf配置文件。
innodb_file_per_table=1
验证开关已经打开。
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7mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'innodb_file_per_table'; +-----------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value | +-----------------------+-------+
| innodb_file_per_table | ON | +-----------------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
步骤二：创建指定路径存储的分区表。
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31CREATE TABLE orders_list2 ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT, customer_surname VARCHAR(30), store_id INT, salesperson_id INT, order_date DATE, note VARCHAR(500), INDEX idx (id) ) ENGINE = INNODB PARTITION BY LIST(store_id) ( PARTITION p1 VALUES IN (1, 3, 4, 17) INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district1' DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district1', PARTITION p2 VALUES IN (2, 12, 14) INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district2' DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district2', PARTITION p3 VALUES IN (6, 8, 20) INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district3' DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district3', PARTITION p4 VALUES IN (5, 7, 9, 11, 16) INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district4' DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district4', PARTITION p5 VALUES IN (10, 13, 15, 18) INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district5' DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/orders/district5' );
插入记录：
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12insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note) values(1, "yang", 1, 1, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note) values(2, "yang", 2, 2, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note) values(6, "yang", 6, 6, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note) values(8, "yang", 8, 8, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note) values(5, "yang", 5, 5, CURDATE(), "testing");
insert into orders_list2(id, customer_surname, store_id, salesperson_id, order_date, note) values(10, "yang", 10, 10, CURDATE(), "testing");
步骤三：到指定新路径下验证。
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20[root@f033b3fe25e2 orders]# tree
.
├── district1
│ └── test
│ └── orders_list2#P#p1.ibd
├── district2
│ └── test
│ └── orders_list2#P#p2.ibd
├── district3
│ └── test
│ └── orders_list2#P#p3.ibd
├── district4
│ └── test
│ └── orders_list2#P#p4.ibd
└── district5
└── test
└── orders_list2#P#p5.ibd
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310 directories, 5 files
[root@f033b3fe25e2 orders]# pwd
/var/orders
查询验证：
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7mysql> explain partitions select * from orders_list2; +----+-------------+--------------+----------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------------+----------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | orders_list2 | p1,p2,p3,p4,p5 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 11 | NULL | +----+-------------+--------------+----------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
步骤四：新增分区处理。
场景假设：比如最新的数据，我们想存储到SSD硬盘上。可以通过增加指定路径的分区文件达到目的。
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7ALTER TABLE orders_list2 ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p6 VALUES IN (21,22,23) DATA DIRECTORY = '/var/ssd_testing' INDEX DIRECTORY = '/var/ssd_testing');
[root@f033b3fe25e2 var]# tree ssd_testing/
ssd_testing/
└── test
└── orders_list2#P#p6.ibd
六个分区结果：
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7mysql> explain partitions select * from orders_list2; +----+-------------+--------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra | +----+-------------+--------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | orders_list2 | p1,p2,p3,p4,p5,p6 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 12 | NULL | +----+-------------+--------------+-------------------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2016年10月21日 20:56 思于家中床前
