结构型模式用来处理类或者对象的组合，主要包含以下7种设计模式：
1. 代理模式（Proxy Pattern）就是为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问。
2. 装饰者模式（Decorator Pattern）动态的给一个对象添加一些额外的职责。就增加功能来说，此模式比生成子类更为灵活。
3. 适配器模式（Adapter Pattern）是将一个类的接口转换成客户希望的另外一个接口。使得原本由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的那些类可以一起工作。
4. 组合模式（Composite Pattern）是将对象组合成树形结构以表示“部分--整体”的层次结构。使得用户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性。
5. 桥接模式（Bridge Pattern）是将抽象部分与实际部分分离，使它们都可以独立的变化。
6. 外观模式（Facade Pattern）是为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面，此模式定义了一个高层接口，这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用。
7. 享元模式（Flyweight Pattern）是以共享的方式高效的支持大量的细粒度的对象。

1. 代理模式

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;//
/*为其他对象提供一种代理以控制对这个对象的访问。（就是把一个类注入到另一个类中，也就是作为参数，或者成员）
*/
//class BookShop //书店
{
public:virtual ~BookShop(){}virtual void sailBook() = 0; //提供卖书接口
protected:
private:
};class RealBookShop :public BookShop //实体书店
{
public:virtual void sailBook(){cout << "实体书店卖书" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};//
/*实现方法1 	没有继承父类
*/
class DangDangProxy //当当网代理卖书，也卖其他的东西
{
public:~DangDangProxy(){delete book;book = NULL;}void sailBook(){book = new RealBookShop; //通过父类的指针来调用子类的方法.book->sailBook();sailShose();}void sailShose(){cout << "代理卖鞋" << endl;}
protected:
private:BookShop *book;
};//
/*实现方法2		继承父类继承父类，可以实现通过父类的指针或者引用来调用子类的方法，
*/
class TaoBao :public BookShop
{
public:~TaoBao(){delete book;book = NULL;}virtual void sailBook(){book = new RealBookShop; //通过父类的指针来调用子类的方法.dazhe();book->sailBook();dazhe();}void dazhe(){cout << "节日打折" << endl;}
protected:
private:BookShop *book;
};//
/*cocos2d 就是使用代理模式
*/ 
//
class Protocol
{
public:virtual bool applicationDidFinish() = 0;
protected:
private:
};class Application :public Protocol
{
public:Application();int run();static Application *pointerApp;static Application* getPointerApp();
protected:
private:
};
Application* Application::pointerApp = NULL; //静态变量初始化
Application::Application() //构造函数
{pointerApp = this;//静态变量赋值
}
Application* Application::getPointerApp()
{return pointerApp;
}
int Application::run()
{applicationDidFinish();return 0;
}class AppDelegate : private Application  //注意是private继承
{
public:virtual bool applicationDidFinish();
protected:
private:
};
bool AppDelegate::applicationDidFinish()
{cout << "start game" << endl;return true;
}int main()
{cout << "-----------DangDang------------" << endl;DangDangProxy dangdang;dangdang.sailBook();cout << "-----------TaoBao------------" << endl;BookShop* book = new TaoBao;book->sailBook();delete book;cout << "------------coco2d 入口函数分析------------" << endl;AppDelegate appdelete;Application::getPointerApp()->run();system("pause");return 0;
}

2. 装饰者模式

#include <iostream>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
using namespace std;//
/*装饰（ Decorator ）模式又叫做包装模式。通过一种对客户端透明的方式来扩展对象的功能，是继承关系的一个替换方案。装饰模式就是把要添加的附加功能分别放在单独的类中，并让这个类包含它要装饰的对象，当需要执行时，客户端就可以有选择地、按顺序地使用装饰功能包装对象。其实就是在一个类中声明一个父类的指针，通过父类的指针指向另外一个子类，并调用那个子类的函数
*/
//class Car //汽车
{
public:virtual void show() = 0;virtual ~Car(){}
protected:
private:
};class RunCar : public Car //跑车
{
public:RunCar(Car* car = NULL){this->m_car = car;}~RunCar(){delete m_car;m_car = NULL;}virtual void show(){if (m_car != NULL)m_car->show();run();}void run(){cout << "可以跑" << endl;}
protected:
private:Car *m_car;
};class SwimCar : public Car
{
public:SwimCar(Car *car=NULL){this->m_car = car;}~SwimCar(){delete m_car;m_car = NULL;}void swim(){cout << "会游泳" << endl;}virtual void show(){if (m_car!=NULL)m_car->show();swim();}
protected:
private:Car *m_car;
};class FlyCar : public Car
{
public:FlyCar(Car *car){this->m_car = car;}~FlyCar(){delete m_car;m_car = NULL;}void fly(){cout << "会飞行" << endl;}virtual void show(){if (this->m_car != NULL)m_car->show();fly();}
protected:
private:Car *m_car;
};int main()
{Car* myCar = NULL;myCar = new RunCar;myCar->show();cout << "--------------------" << endl;FlyCar* flyCar = new FlyCar(myCar);flyCar->show();cout << "--------------------" << endl;SwimCar *swimCar = new SwimCar(flyCar);swimCar->show();system("pause");delete swimCar; swimCar = NULL;delete flyCar; flyCar = NULL;delete myCar; myCar = NULL;return 0;
}

3. 适配器模式

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;//
/*Adapter模式也叫适配器模式，是构造型模式之一，通过Adapter模式可以改变已有类（或外部类）的接口形式。适用于：是将一个类的接口转换成客户希望的另外一个接口。使得原本由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的那些类可以一起工作。220v 电压  <----相互适配---->  110v 电压
*/
//
class DianYa
{
public:
protected:int v; //扩展：可以使用v表示电压，改变v的值
};class Current220V :virtual public DianYa
{
public:virtual void use220V(){cout << "220V 电压" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class Current110V : virtual public DianYa
{
public:virtual void use110V(){cout << "110V 电压" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class Adapter : public Current110V, public Current220V
{
public:Adapter(){m_110V = NULL;m_220V = NULL;}Adapter(Current110V* m_110V){this->m_110V = m_110V;}Adapter(Current220V* m_220V){this->m_220V = m_220V;}virtual void use110V(){if (m_220V != NULL){cout << "适配器 适配 220V" << endl;m_220V->use220V();}else cout << "110V" << endl;}virtual void use220V(){if (m_110V != NULL){cout << "适配器 适配 110V" << endl;m_110V->use110V();}else cout << "220V" << endl;}
protected:
private:Current110V* m_110V;Current220V* m_220V;
};int main()
{Current110V* current110V=new Current110V;Current220V* current220V=new Current220V;Adapter* adap = NULL;adap = new Adapter(current110V); //输入110Vadap->use220V(); //经适配器后，输出220Vdelete adap; adap = NULL;adap = new Adapter(current220V); //输入220Vadap->use110V(); //经适配器后，输出110Vdelete adap; adap = NULL;delete current220V; current220V = NULL;delete current110V; current110V = NULL;system("pause");return 0;
}

4. 组合模式

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <string>
using namespace std;//
/*
Composite模式也叫组合模式，是构造型的设计模式之一。
通过递归手段来构造树形的对象结构，并可以通过一个对象来访问整个对象树。
*/
//class IFile
{
public:virtual void disPaly() = 0;virtual int add(IFile *ifile) = 0;virtual int remove(IFile* ifile) = 0;virtual list<IFile*>* getChild() = 0;
protected:
private:
};//文件  节点
class File : public IFile
{
public:File(string filename){this->m_filename = filename;}virtual void disPaly(){cout << "文件名：" << m_filename << endl;}virtual int add(IFile *ifile){return -1;}virtual int remove(IFile* ifile){return -1;}virtual list<IFile*>* getChild(){return NULL;}
protected:
private:string m_filename;
};//目录  节点
class Dir : public IFile
{
public:Dir(string dirName){this->m_dirName = dirName;this->m_list = new list < IFile* > ;m_list->clear();}virtual void disPaly(){cout << "文件夹名：" << m_dirName << endl;}virtual int add(IFile *ifile){m_list->push_back(ifile);return 0;}virtual int remove(IFile* ifile){m_list->remove(ifile);return 0;}virtual list<IFile*>* getChild(){return m_list;}
protected:
private:string m_dirName;list<IFile*>* m_list;
};// level用来控制显示层次结构
void showTree(IFile* root,int level)
{int i = 0;if (root == NULL)return;for (i = 0; i < level; i++)cout << "\t";root->disPaly(); //显示根节点//2  若根结点 有孩子 //判读孩子是文件,显示名字 )//判断孩子是目录,showTree(子目录)list<IFile*> *myList = root->getChild();if (myList != NULL) //说明是一个目录{for (list<IFile*>::iterator it = myList->begin(); it != myList->end();it++){if ((*it)->getChild() == NULL) //文件直接打印{for (i = 0; i <= level; i++) //注意 <= {printf("\t");}(*it)->disPaly();}else{//目录再递归调用,层次加1showTree(*it, level+1);}}}
}int main()
{Dir* root = new Dir("C");root->disPaly();File *fileAAA = new File("aaa.txt");File *fileBBB = new File("bbb.txt");File *fileCCC = new File("ccc.txt");Dir *dir001 = new Dir("001");	Dir *dir002 = new Dir("002");Dir* dir003 = new Dir("003");root->add(dir001);root->add(dir002);root->add(fileAAA);dir002->add(dir003);dir002->add(fileBBB);dir003->add(fileCCC);list<IFile*>* myList = root->getChild();for (list<IFile *>::iterator it = myList->begin(); it != myList->end(); it++){(*it)->disPaly();}cout << "通过 showTree 方式 显示 root 结点下的 所有子结点" << endl;showTree(root, 0);system("pause");return 0;
}

5. 桥接模式

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;//
/*桥接模式 : 就是多对多的关系；发动机有多种型号，汽车也有多个品牌每个型号的发动机可以被各个型号的汽车使用每个品牌的汽车也可以使用各个型号的发动机等于在中间架设一座桥，（在抽象类中声明另一个抽象类的指针，用来调用另一个抽象类子类的方法）
*/
//class Car; //前向声明
class Engine
{
public:virtual void engineType() = 0;
protected:Car* car;
private:
};class Type2900 :public Engine
{
public:virtual void engineType(){cout << "2900 型号发动机" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class Type3500 :public Engine
{
public:virtual void engineType(){cout << "3500 型号发动机" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class Type7200 :public Engine
{
public:virtual void engineType(){cout << "7200 型号发动机" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class Car
{
public:virtual void carType() = 0;Car(Engine* engine){this->m_engine = engine;}
protected:Engine *m_engine;
private:
};class BMW : public Car
{
public:BMW(Engine* engine) :Car(engine){}virtual void carType(){cout << "BMW Car: ";m_engine->engineType();}
protected:
private:
};class Jeep : public Car
{
public:Jeep(Engine* engine) :Car(engine){}virtual void carType(){cout << "Jeep Car: ";m_engine->engineType();}
protected:
private:};int main()
{Engine	*engine = NULL;Car* car = NULL;engine = new Type2900;car = new BMW(engine);car->carType();delete car; car = NULL;delete engine; engine = NULL;engine = new Type3500;car = new BMW(engine);car->carType();delete car; car = NULL;delete engine; engine = NULL;engine = new Type3500;car = new Jeep(engine);car->carType();delete car; car = NULL;delete engine; engine = NULL;system("pause");return 0;
}

6. 外观模式

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;//
/*外观模式就是封装了一层外壳，提供统一的操作界面也就是把“操作相似的类” 注入到另一个类里面，提供统一操作
*/
//class SubSystemA
{
public:void doSomething(){cout << "SubSystemA run" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class SubSystemB
{
public:void doSomething(){cout << "SubSystemB run" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class SubSystemC
{
public:void doSomething(){cout << "SubSystemC run" << endl;}
protected:
private:
};class Facade
{
public:Facade(){sysA = new SubSystemA;sysB = new SubSystemB;sysC = new SubSystemC;}~Facade(){delete sysA;delete sysB;delete sysC;}void doSomething(){sysA->doSomething();sysB->doSomething();sysC->doSomething();}
protected:
private:SubSystemA *sysA;SubSystemB *sysB;SubSystemC *sysC;
};int main()
{cout << "没有Facade类时的调用方式" << endl;SubSystemA *sysA = new SubSystemA;SubSystemB *sysB = new SubSystemB;SubSystemC *sysC = new SubSystemC;sysA->doSomething();sysB->doSomething();sysC->doSomething();delete sysA;delete sysB;delete sysC;cout << "使用Facade类的调用方式" << endl;Facade *f = new Facade;f->doSomething();delete f;system("pause");
}

7. 享元模式

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <string>
using namespace std;//
/*Flyweight模式也叫享元模式，是构造型模式之一，它通过与其他类似对象共享数据来减小内存占用。所谓的享元模式“就是有相同的不用管，没有相同的继续添加”。只需要在添加的时候判断下有没有相同的。
*/
//class Person
{
public:Person(string name, int age) :m_name(name), m_age(age){}virtual void printT() = 0;
protected:string m_name;int m_age;
private:
};class Teacher : public Person
{
public:Teacher(string name, int age, string id) :Person(name, age),m_id(id){}virtual void printT(){cout << "name:" << m_name << " age:" << m_age << " m_id:" << m_id << endl;}
protected:	
private:string m_id;
};class FlyWeightTeacher
{
public:FlyWeightTeacher(){mapTeachers.clear();}~FlyWeightTeacher(){while (!mapTeachers.empty()){Person *tmp = NULL;map<string, Person *>::iterator it = mapTeachers.begin();tmp = it->second;mapTeachers.erase(it); //把第一个结点 从容器中删除delete tmp;}}Person* getTeacher(string id){Person* tmp = NULL;map<string, Person*>::iterator it;it = mapTeachers.find(id);if (it == mapTeachers.end()) //没有找到{string tmpName;int tmpAge;cout << "\n输入老师的Name：";cin >> tmpName;cout << "\n输入老师的Age：";cin >> tmpAge;tmp = new Teacher(tmpName,tmpAge,id);mapTeachers.insert(pair<string,Person*>(id,tmp));}else{tmp = it->second;}return tmp;}
protected:
private:map<string, Person*> mapTeachers;
};int main()
{Person *p1 = NULL;Person *p2 = NULL;FlyWeightTeacher * fwty = new FlyWeightTeacher;p1->printT();p2 = fwty->getTeacher("001");p2->printT();delete fwty;system("pause");return 0;
}