题目：
解法：
Simple and efficient iterative solution.
Explanation with sample input "123"
Initial state:
- result = {""}
Stage 1 for number "1":
- result has {""}
- candiate is "abc"
- generate three strings "" + "a", ""+"b", ""+"c" and put into tmp,
tmp = {"a", "b","c"} - swap result and tmp (swap does not take memory copy)
- Now result has {"a", "b", "c"}
Stage 2 for number "2":
- result has {"a", "b", "c"}
- candidate is "def"
- generate nine strings and put into tmp,
"a" + "d", "a"+"e", "a"+"f",
"b" + "d", "b"+"e", "b"+"f",
"c" + "d", "c"+"e", "c"+"f" - so tmp has {"ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf" }
- swap result and tmp
- Now result has {"ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf" }
Stage 3 for number "3":
- result has {"ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf" }
- candidate is "ghi"
- generate 27 strings and put into tmp,
- add "g" for each of "ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"
- add "h" for each of "ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"
- add "h" for each of "ad", "ae", "af", "bd", "be", "bf", "cd", "ce", "cf"
- so, tmp has
{"adg", "aeg", "afg", "bdg", "beg", "bfg", "cdg", "ceg", "cfg"
"adh", "aeh", "afh", "bdh", "beh", "bfh", "cdh", "ceh", "cfh"
"adi", "aei", "afi", "bdi", "bei", "bfi", "cdi", "cei", "cfi" } - swap result and tmp
- Now result has
{"adg", "aeg", "afg", "bdg", "beg", "bfg", "cdg", "ceg", "cfg"
"adh", "aeh", "afh", "bdh", "beh", "bfh", "cdh", "ceh", "cfh"
"adi", "aei", "afi", "bdi", "bei", "bfi", "cdi", "cei", "cfi" }
Finally, return result.
class Solution {
public:vector<string> letterCombinations(string digits) {vector<string> result;if(digits.empty()) return vector<string>();static const vector<string> v = {"", "", "abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl", "mno", "pqrs", "tuv", "wxyz"};result.push_back(""); // add a seed for the initial casefor(int i = 0 ; i < digits.size(); ++i) {int num = digits[i]-'0';if(num < 0 || num > 9) break;const string& candidate = v[num];if(candidate.empty()) continue;vector<string> tmp;for(int j = 0 ; j < candidate.size() ; ++j) {for(int k = 0 ; k < result.size() ; ++k) {tmp.push_back(result[k] + candidate[j]);}}result.swap(tmp);}return result;}
};
