wpf 3D学习

最近在看一些关于wpf 3d的效果，研究了一些代码特效，现在和广大博友共享一下.

首先用到的是MeshGeometry3D，msdn上介绍：用于生成三维形状的三角形基元。
主要有4个依赖属性：NormalsProperty，PositionsProperty，TextureCoordinatesProperty，
TriangleIndicesProperty。4中属性具体含义大家可以直接参考msdn上。

具体代码如下：

MeshGeometry3D meshGeometry3D = new MeshGeometry3D();Point3DCollection positions = new Point3DCollection();positions.Add(new Point3D(0, 0, 1));positions.Add(new Point3D(0, 0, 0));positions.Add(new Point3D(1, 0, 0));positions.Add(new Point3D(1, 0, 1));positions.Add(new Point3D(0, 1, 1));positions.Add(new Point3D(0, 1, 0));positions.Add(new Point3D(1, 1, 0));positions.Add(new Point3D(1, 1, 1));positions.Freeze();Int32Collection triangleIndices = new Int32Collection();triangleIndices.Add(0);triangleIndices.Add(1);triangleIndices.Add(2);triangleIndices.Add(2);triangleIndices.Add(3);triangleIndices.Add(0);triangleIndices.Add(4);triangleIndices.Add(7);triangleIndices.Add(6);triangleIndices.Add(6);triangleIndices.Add(5);triangleIndices.Add(4);triangleIndices.Add(0);triangleIndices.Add(3);triangleIndices.Add(7);triangleIndices.Add(7);triangleIndices.Add(4);triangleIndices.Add(0);triangleIndices.Add(1);triangleIndices.Add(5);triangleIndices.Add(6);triangleIndices.Add(6);triangleIndices.Add(2);triangleIndices.Add(1);triangleIndices.Add(3);triangleIndices.Add(2);triangleIndices.Add(6);triangleIndices.Add(6);triangleIndices.Add(7);triangleIndices.Add(3);triangleIndices.Add(0);triangleIndices.Add(4);triangleIndices.Add(5);triangleIndices.Add(5);triangleIndices.Add(7);triangleIndices.Add(0);triangleIndices.Freeze();// finally set the datameshGeometry3D.TriangleIndices = triangleIndices;meshGeometry3D.Positions = positions;

然后定义GeometryModel3D,代码：

// create the geometry modelGeometryModel3D geom3D = new GeometryModel3D();geom3D.Geometry = meshGeometry3D;Color color = WpfUtil.HsbToRgb(index / (float)count, .9f, 1f);SolidColorBrush solidColorBrush = new SolidColorBrush(color);solidColorBrush.Freeze();geom3D.Material = new DiffuseMaterial(solidColorBrush);

然后将GeometryModel3D归入Model3DGroup中，代码：

Model3DGroup group = new Model3DGroup();group.Children.Add(geom3D);ModelVisual3D model = new ModelVisual3D();model.Content = group;DirectionalLight dl = new DirectionalLight();dl.Color = Colors.White; dl.Direction = new Vector3D(-1, -1, -3);group.Children.Add(dl);AmbientLight al = new AmbientLight();al.Color = (Color)ColorConverter.ConvertFromString("#555555");group.Children.Add(al);

xaml如下：

<ModelVisual3D><ModelVisual3D.Content><Model3DGroup><DirectionalLight Direction="1 0 -2"Color="White"/><GeometryModel3D><GeometryModel3D.Geometry><!--Positions获取或设置 meshgeometry3d 的顶点位置的集合TextureCoordinates获取或设置 meshgeometry3d 的纹理坐标的集合TriangleIndices获取或设置 meshgeometry3d 的三角形索引的集合--><MeshGeometry3D Positions="-1 1 0, 0 1 1, -1 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 1, 1 1 0, 0 0 1, 1 0 0"TriangleIndices="2 1 0, 2 3 1, 6 5 4, 6 7 5"/></GeometryModel3D.Geometry><GeometryModel3D.Material><DiffuseMaterial Brush="Green"/></GeometryModel3D.Material></GeometryModel3D></Model3DGroup></ModelVisual3D.Content></ModelVisual3D>

上面已经设置了灯光，接下来要设置摄像机，代码如下：

var camera=new PerspectiveCamera( new Point3D(0,3,3),new Vector3D(0,-3,-3),new Vector3D(0,0,1),45););

xmal：

<Viewport3D.Camera><!--<PerspectiveCamera Position="0,0,10"/>--><PerspectiveCamera  LookDirection = " 0,  -3, -3"UpDirection   = " 0,  0,  1"Position      = "0,  3,  3"FieldOfView   = "45" /></Viewport3D.Camera>

最后可以把它们一起归入Viewport3D

Viewport3D view3D=new Viewport3D();
view3D.Camera = camera;
view3D.Children.Add(group);

当然我们也可以在指定灯光时，只定义DirectionalLight （方向光）

  <ModelVisual3D><ModelVisual3D.Content><Model3DGroup><!--<AmbientLight Color="White"/>--><DirectionalLight Color="#FFFFFF" Direction="0,0,-10" /><DirectionalLight Color="#FFFFFF" Direction="1,0,0" /></Model3DGroup></ModelVisual3D.Content></ModelVisual3D>

然后自定义3D模型

<local:TreeMap3D x:Name="_treeMap3D" WeightBindingPath="CustomerCount"><local:TreeMap3D.Transform><Transform3DGroup><ScaleTransform3D ScaleX="1.2" ScaleY="1.2" ScaleZ="1.2" /><RotateTransform3D><RotateTransform3D.Rotation><AxisAngleRotation3D Angle="30" Axis="0, 0, 1" /></RotateTransform3D.Rotation></RotateTransform3D><TranslateTransform3D OffsetZ="0.6" OffsetX="-0.3"/></Transform3DGroup></local:TreeMap3D.Transform></local:TreeMap3D>

添加TreeMap3D类

public class TreeMap3D : UIElement3D
{
private string m_weightBindingPath;private IList m_itemsSource;private TreeMap3DElement m_selectedElement;private int[] m_weightMap;private TreeMap3DElement m_lastClickedElement;private readonly List<TreeMap3DElement> m_elements = new List<TreeMap3DElement>();
}
}

定义ItemSource

public IList ItemsSource{get{VerifyAccess();return m_itemsSource;}set{if (m_itemsSource != value){VerifyAccess();refresh(value);m_itemsSource = value;}}

定义其子元素：

private class TreeMap3DElement : UIElement3D
{
public TreeMap3DElement(int index, int count){this.Visual3DModel = GenerateTreeMap3DModel(index, count);m_translate = new TranslateTransform3D();m_scale = new ScaleTransform3D();Transform3DGroup t3DGroup = new Transform3DGroup();t3DGroup.Children.Add(m_scale);t3DGroup.Children.Add(m_translate);base.Transform = t3DGroup;}
private object m_data;private string m_weightBindingPath;private bool m_isSelected;private double m_scaleZ;private readonly ScaleTransform3D m_scale;private readonly TranslateTransform3D m_translate;
}

加入动画设计:

public bool IsSelected{get { return m_isSelected; }set{if (value != m_isSelected){DoubleAnimation animation = new DoubleAnimation();if (value){animation.From = m_scale.ScaleZ;animation.To = m_scaleZ;}else{animation.From = m_scale.ScaleZ;animation.To = 0;}m_isSelected = value;animation.Duration = new Duration(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(0.2));m_scale.BeginAnimation(ScaleTransform3D.ScaleZProperty, animation);}}}