常用集合接口系列:http://www.cnblogs.com/fengxiaojiu/p/7997704.html
常用集合类系列:http://www.cnblogs.com/fengxiaojiu/p/7997541.html
大多数集合都在System.Collections,System.Collections.Generic两个命名空间。其中System.Collections.Generic专门用于泛型集合。
针对特定类型的集合类型位于System.Collections.Specialized;命名空间;
线程安全的集合类位于System.Collections.Concurrent;命名空间。
下面是集合和列表实现的接口如下:
一:列表
1 [Serializable]
2 [DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_CollectionDebugView<>))]
3 [DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]
4 public class List<T> : IList<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable
从这个可以看出,泛型集合List<T>实现了这么多接口,具体接口的信息可以通过工具查看。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){List<String> list = new List<string>();list.Add("张三");list.Add("李四");list.Add("王五");list.Add("田六");list.Add("赵七");for (int i = 0; i < list.Count; i++){Console.WriteLine("for循环:" + i.ToString() + "=" + list[i]);}list.RemoveAt(0);foreach (String item in list){Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);}list.AddRange(new String[] { "Hello1", "Hello2", "Hello3" });list.ForEach(Print);Console.Read();}private static void Print(String item){Console.WriteLine("ForEach:" + item);}}}
二、队列
队列先进先出,一头进一头出,用Queue<T>实现
[Serializable][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_QueueDebugView<>))][ComVisible(false)][DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]public class Queue<T> : IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable
可以看出队列实现了集合的接口,迭代的接口
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Queue<String> queue = new Queue<string>();//进队queue.Enqueue("张三");queue.Enqueue("李四");queue.Enqueue("王五");queue.Enqueue("田六");queue.Enqueue("赵七");foreach (String item in queue){Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);}//出队while (queue.Count > 0){Console.WriteLine("出队:" + queue.Dequeue());}Console.Read();}}
}
三、栈
栈:从同一边先进后出,用Stack<T>实现
[DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_StackDebugView<>))][ComVisible(false)]public class Stack<T> : IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable
栈也是实现了集合接口与迭代接口的
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){Stack<String> stack = new Stack<string>();//进栈stack.Push("张三");stack.Push("李四");stack.Push("王五");stack.Push("田六");stack.Push("赵七");foreach (String item in stack){Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);}//出栈while (stack.Count > 0){Console.WriteLine("出栈:" + stack.Pop());}Console.Read();}}
}
四、链表
LinkedList是一个双向链表,链表有个有点,就是在链表中间插入、删除元素很快,但是查找中间与末尾的元素很慢,需要一个节点一个节点的去找。
[Serializable][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_CollectionDebugView<>))][DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")][ComVisible(false)]public class LinkedList<T> : ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
由此可见链表也是有集合的特性的,可以迭代,同时还有链表的特性
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){LinkedList<String> lList = new LinkedList<string>();LinkedListNode<String> node = new LinkedListNode<string>("root");lList.AddFirst(node);node = lList.AddAfter(node, "张三");node = lList.AddAfter(node, "李四");node = lList.AddAfter(node, "王五");node = lList.AddAfter(node, "田六");node = lList.AddAfter(node, "赵七");foreach (String item in lList){Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);}node = lList.First;Console.WriteLine("第一个元素:" + node.Value);node = lList.Last;Console.WriteLine("最后一个元素:" + node.Value);Console.Read();}}
}
五、有序列表
SortedList采用键-值对存储,键不能重复,并且会根据key进行排序
[Serializable][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(System_DictionaryDebugView<,>))][DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")][ComVisible(false)]public class SortedList<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable
可以看出SortedList不仅具有字典的特性,还有集合,迭代的功能
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//Key必须唯一,如果不唯一可以考虑Lookup<TKey,TElement>SortedList<int, String> sList = new SortedList<int, string>();sList.Add(100, "张三");sList.Add(21, "李四");sList.Add(13, "王五");sList.Add(44, "田六");sList.Add(35, "赵七");foreach (KeyValuePair<int, String> item in sList){Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value);}Console.Read();}}
}
六、字典
字典是很复杂的数据结构,允许通过key来查找值,字典可以自由添加、删除元素,没有集合由于移动元素导致的开销。
[Serializable][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(Mscorlib_DictionaryDebugView<,>))][DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")][ComVisible(false)]public class Dictionary<TKey, TValue> : IDictionary<TKey, TValue>, ICollection<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>>, IDictionary, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
可以看出字典也具有集合的特性,可以迭代
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//Key必须唯一Dictionary<int, String> dict = new Dictionary<int, string>();dict.Add(11, "张三");dict.Add(1, "李四");dict.Add(2, "王五");dict.Add(16, "田六");dict.Add(12, "赵七");foreach (KeyValuePair<int, String> item in dict){Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value);}Console.Read();}}
}
说到字典,顺便谈一下有序字典,与有序列表对应;SortedDictionary,SortedList,SortedSet
会根据Key进行排序
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){//Key必须唯一SortedDictionary<int, String> dict = new SortedDictionary<int, string>();dict.Add(11, "张三");dict.Add(1, "李四");dict.Add(2, "王五");dict.Add(16, "田六");dict.Add(12, "赵七");foreach (KeyValuePair<int, String> item in dict){Console.WriteLine("key=" + item.Key.ToString() + ";value=" + item.Value);}Console.Read();}}
}
七、集
集(Set):包含不重复元素,常用HashSet,SortedSet
[Serializable][DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(HashSetDebugView<>))]public class HashSet<T> : ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback, ISet<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IEnumerable
[Serializable][DebuggerTypeProxy(typeof(SortedSetDebugView<>))][DebuggerDisplay("Count = {Count}")]public class SortedSet<T> : ISet<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, ICollection, IEnumerable, ISerializable, IDeserializationCallback
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){HashSet<String> hSet = new HashSet<string>();hSet.Add("张三");hSet.Add("李四");hSet.Add("王五");hSet.Add("田六");hSet.Add("赵七");foreach (String item in hSet){Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);}Console.Read();}}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;namespace ConsoleApplication1
{public class Program{static void Main(string[] args){SortedSet<String> hSet = new SortedSet<string>();hSet.Add("张三");hSet.Add("李四");hSet.Add("王五");hSet.Add("田六");hSet.Add("赵七");foreach (String item in hSet){Console.WriteLine("foreach迭代:" + item);}Console.Read();}}
}
性能比较:
ps:原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/ceclar123/article/details/8655853