【问题描述】[简单]
在字符串 s 中找出第一个只出现一次的字符。如果没有,返回一个单空格。 s 只包含小写字母。示例:s = "abaccdeff"
返回 "b"s = ""
返回 " "
【解答思路】
1. 哈希表
时间复杂度:O(N) 空间复杂度:O(N)
class Solution {public char firstUniqChar(String s) {HashMap<Character, Boolean> dic = new HashMap<>();char[] sc = s.toCharArray();for(char c : sc)dic.put(c, !dic.containsKey(c));for(char c : sc)if(dic.get(c)) return c;return ' ';}
}
2. 有序哈希表
时间复杂度:O(N) 空间复杂度:O(N)
class Solution {public char firstUniqChar(String s) {Map<Character, Boolean> dic = new LinkedHashMap<>();char[] sc = s.toCharArray();for(char c : sc)dic.put(c, !dic.containsKey(c));for(Map.Entry<Character, Boolean> d : dic.entrySet()){if(d.getValue()) return d.getKey();}return ' ';}
}
3. 使用数组代替哈希表计数
时间复杂度:O(N) 空间复杂度:O(N)
public class firstUniqChar {public char firstUniqChar(String s) {int[] count = new int[256];char[] chars = s.toCharArray();for(char c : chars)count[c]++;for(char c : chars){if(count[c] == 1)return c;}return ' ';}
}
【总结】
1. HashMap HashSet 去重题目优先考虑 / 新建字符数组统计数量
2.遍历 HashMap 四种方法
public static void main(String[] args) {
Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<String,String>();map.put("1", "value1");map.put("2", "value2");map.put("3", "value3");map.put("4", "value4");//第一种:普通使用,二次取值(性能差)System.out.println("\n通过Map.keySet遍历key和value:"); for(String key:map.keySet()){System.out.println("Key: "+key+" Value: "+map.get(key));}//第二种(性能比第一种好,一次取值)System.out.println("\n通过Map.entrySet使用iterator遍历key和value: "); Iterator map1it=map.entrySet().iterator();while(map1it.hasNext()){Map.Entry<String, String> entry=(Entry<String, String>) map1it.next();System.out.println("Key: "+entry.getKey()+" Value: "+entry.getValue());}//第三种:推荐,尤其是容量大时 System.out.println("\n通过Map.entrySet遍历key和value"); for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry: map.entrySet()){System.out.println("Key: "+ entry.getKey()+ " Value: "+entry.getValue());}//第四种 System.out.println("\n通过Map.values()遍历所有的value,但不能遍历key"); for(String v:map.values()){System.out.println("The value is "+v);}}
转载链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/di-yi-ge-zhi-chu-xian-yi-ci-de-zi-fu-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-50-di-yi-ge-zhi-chu-xian-yi-ci-de-zi-3/
参考链接:https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/di-yi-ge-zhi-chu-xian-yi-ci-de-zi-fu-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-50java-shi-yong-shu-zu-dai-ti-ha-xi-bi/
参考链接:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012712443