一、运行环境

1.1  执行机环境

1.2  交叉编译机环境

Linux 桌面系统 Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS

二、编译步骤

2.1  用户目录下新建gcc_all文件夹，下载binutils-2.31.tar.bz2  gcc-8.3.0.tar.gz  glibc-2.28.tar.bz2  linux。

cd ~
mkdir gcc_all && cd gcc_all
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/binutils/binutils-2.31.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/glibc/glibc-2.28.tar.bz2
wget https://ftpmirror.gnu.org/gcc/gcc-8.3.0/gcc-8.3.0.tar.gz
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux

2.2  提取所有压缩文件

tar xf binutils-2.31.tar.bz2
tar xf glibc-2.28.tar.bz2
tar xf gcc-8.3.0.tar.gz
rm *.tar.*

2.3 下载GCC8.3需要的一些资源文件到源码中，删除没用的压缩包

cd gcc-8.3.0
contrib/download_prerequisites
rm *.tar.*

2.4 创建交叉编译的安装文件夹，并添加到PATH路径中

cd ~/gcc_all
sudo mkdir -p /opt/cross-pi-gcc
sudo chown $USER /opt/cross-pi-gcc
export PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/bin:$PATH

2.5 安装Linux内核头文件到交叉编译安装文件夹

cd ~/gcc_all
cd linux
KERNEL=kernel7make ARCH=arm INSTALL_HDR_PATH=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf headers_install

2.6 编译安装Binutils 2.31

cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-binutils && cd build-binutils../binutils-2.31/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=hard --disable-multilibmake -j8
make install

2.7 编译安装GCC

cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-gcc && cd build-gcc../gcc-8.3.0/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran --with-arch=armv6 --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=hard --disable-multilibmake -j8 all-gcc
make install-gcc

2.8 编译安装glibc2.28

cd ~/gcc_all
mkdir build-glibc && cd build-glibc../glibc-2.28/configure --prefix=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf --build=$MACHTYPE --host=arm-linux-gnueabihf --target=arm-linux-gnueabihf --with-arch=armv6 --with-fpu=vfp --with-float=hard --with-headers=/opt/cross-pi-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include --disable-multilib libc_cv_forced_unwind=yesmake install-bootstrap-headers=yes install-headersmake -j8 csu/subdir_libinstall csu/crt1.o csu/crti.o csu/crtn.o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libarm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -nostdlib -nostartfiles -shared -x c /dev/null -o /opt/cross-pi-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/lib/libc.sotouch /opt/cross-pi-gcc/arm-linux-gnueabihf/include/gnu/stubs.h

2.9 回到GCC编译安装libgcc

cd ..
cd build-gcc
make -j8 all-target-libgcc
make install-target-libgcc

2.10 结束安装Glibc

cd ..
cd build-glibc
make -j8
make install

2.11 最后完成安装GCC8.3.0

cd ..
cd build-gcc
make -j8
make install
cd ..

安装完成后系统中存在arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-8.3.0。可在控制命令中查到：

​

三、测试

新建一个test.c文件如下：

#include “stdio.h”
int main()
{printf(“test arm-linux-gnueabihf cross-compile-tools\r\n”);return 0;
}

执行编译：

arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc test.c -o out

查看编译信息：

file out
out: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, EABI5 version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib/ld-linux-armhf.so.3, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, not stripped

编译完成。

四、参考

Building GCC as a cross compiler for Raspberry Pi：https://solarianprogrammer.com/2018/05/06/building-gcc-cross-compiler-raspberry-pi/