instagram架构_如何创建像Instagram这样的照片共享应用程序：基本知识。

instagram架构

by Dmytro Brovkin

由Dmytro Brovkin

After two centuries of rapid development, photography has come a long way from being a luxury to becoming a huge part of our everyday lives. Nowadays, your cat can have more photos than a royal family could afford just a couple hundreds years ago.

经过两个世纪的快速发展，摄影已从奢侈到成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分，已经走了很长一段路。如今，您的猫所拥有的照片比数百年前的王室所能承受的更多。

The photography culture (or should we say cult?) is a big part of modern society. To capture a moment with high-quality and beautiful pictures, you don’t need to invest in a high-end professional camera anymore. At the end of 2016, the number of pictures taken by smartphone users had reached 2.08 billion. Every smartphone has a camera, so almost everyone today can take pictures and share them via social apps.

摄影文化(或者应该说是邪教？)是现代社会的重要组成部分。为了捕捉高质量和精美图片的瞬间，您不再需要购买高端专业相机。截至2016年底，智能手机用户拍摄的照片数量达到20.8亿张。每个智能手机都有一个摄像头，因此今天几乎每个人都可以拍照并通过社交应用程序共享它们。

This is what Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger took advantage of back in 2010 — the year when Instagram was first launched. Ever since then, the service has been steadily growing and gaining popularity, reaching unbelievable heights. It is currently the indisputable leader when it comes to sharing pictures, and it’s well-known all around the world. The official data provided by the service sounds incredible.

这就是Kevin Systrom和Mike Krieger在2010年(Instagram首次发布的那一年)利用的优势。从那时起，该服务一直在稳定增长并获得普及，达到令人难以置信的高度。目前，在分享图片方面，它是无可争议的领导者，并且在全世界都广为人知。该服务提供的官方数据听起来令人难以置信。

Instagram users post more than 80 million pictures daily, they like the photos 3.5 billion times a day, and the monthly auditory reach is more than 400 million users. It’s nearly impossible to list all the events that photo-sharing apps could potentially be used on: parties, travel, self-advertising, and much more.

Instagram用户每天发布超过8000万张图片，他们每天喜欢图片35亿次，每月的听觉范围超过4亿用户。列出照片共享应用程序可能会使用的所有事件几乎是不可能的：聚会，旅行，自我广告等等。

那么从头开始创建Instagram替代品又需要什么呢？ (So what does it take to create an Instagram alternative from scratch?)

While there is a leader in the market, it doesn’t mean that there is absolutely no place for new contenders. If you have a clear vision of what you want to achieve, and what you want to share with the community, nothing is impossible.

尽管市场上有领导者，但这并不意味着绝对没有新竞争者的位置。如果您对要实现的目标以及与社区共享的目标具有清晰的愿景，那么一切皆有可能。

So, let’s imagine you’ve decided to create an app that would be similar to Instagram and allow you to share photos. The first thing to pay attention to is the interaction map for Instagram users:

因此，假设您决定创建一个与Instagram类似的应用程序，并允许您共享照片。首先要注意的是Instagram用户的交互图：

Authorization (create a new profile or sign into an already existing one via social networks)
授权(通过社交网络创建新的配置文件或登录到现有配置文件)
Editing the profile (add, edit, or delete your personal data)
编辑个人资料(添加，编辑或删除您的个人数据)
Posting pictures (upload the photos, mention the people, add the hashtags)
发布图片(上传照片，提及他人，添加主题标签)
Timeline (follow, like, comment)
时间轴(跟随，赞，评论)
Social features (have the ability to share the post or invite your friends from Facebook)
社交功能(具有分享帖子或从Facebook邀请您的朋友的功能)
Photo customization (crop it, rotate it, add filters)
照片自定义(裁剪，旋转，添加滤镜)
Location (let the location service get your geo-data via pictures taken in the app)
位置(让位置服务通过在应用中拍摄的照片获取地理数据)
Messenger (text and photo)
信使(文字和图片)
Notifications, push-notifications
通知，推送通知
Search (username, just name, hashtags, post description)
搜索(用户名，名称，主题标签，帖子说明)

It’s also important to pay attention to the interface of an app. Instagram can be a great example of a simple, stylish, and easy-to-use design.

注意应用程序的界面也很重要。 Instagram可以成为简单，时尚且易于使用的设计的一个很好的例子。

In the table below, you can find the estimated time needed to create an Instagram alternative broken down into functional parts.

在下表中，您可以找到创建Instagram替代项(分为功能部分)所需的估计时间。

Speaking about design, UX will take from 64 to 96 hours. UI will most likely need 48–64 hours of time. Additional design features need 16+ hours, depending on how difficult your tasks are. Don’t forget that you’ll also need to design a great logo for your product, which will help you to move your brand further ahead of rivals.

说到设计，UX将花费64到96个小时。 UI很可能需要48-64小时的时间。其他设计功能需要16个小时以上的时间，具体取决于您的任务有多困难。别忘了，您还需要为产品设计一个醒目的徽标，这将帮助您使品牌进一步领先于竞争对手。

At the rate of $50/hour, it’ll cost from $12800 to $22400 to create an Instagram alternative for iOS. An Android app is likely to take $12800 to $19600. The backend development will cost around $17600 — it doesn’t depend on the specifications of the users’ devices, as this code runs on the server.

以每小时50美元的价格，为iOS创建Instagram替代品的成本从12800美元到22400美元。一款Android应用的售价可能在12800美元至19600美元之间。后端开发的成本约为17600美元-它不依赖于用户设备的规格，因为此代码在服务器上运行。

Given that the main goal of an app like that is photo sharing, you’ll certainly need to take care of optimization of an app design as well as ubiquitous exterior for all media. Instagram solved this problem by making all the photos squared.

鉴于此类应用程序的主要目标是照片共享，因此您肯定需要注意优化应用程序设计以及所有媒体无处不在的外观。 Instagram通过使所有照片平方来解决了这个问题。

关键效率指标 (The key efficiency indicators)

When you create an alternative to an app like Instagram, you’ll certainly need to include some exclusive features to leave the rivals in the dust.

当您创建类似Instagram之类的应用的替代产品时，您肯定需要包括一些独有功能，以免竞争对手陷入困境。

It doesn’t make any sense to create an app that will be 100% identical to Instagram, because they already have a loyal client base. The best strategy is to bring on fresh new ideas while keeping an eye on the most useful Instagram features at the same time.

创建一个与Instagram 100％相同的应用程序没有任何意义，因为它们已经拥有了忠实的客户群。最好的策略是带来新的想法，同时关注最有用的Instagram功能。

We’ll list some of the main indicators that you’ll need to pay attention to if you want to check on your app’s popularity and progress:

如果您要检查应用的受欢迎程度和进度，我们将列出一些需要注意的主要指标：

The number of active users
活动用户数
The users’ participation
用户的参与
The app’s ability to keep the user
应用程序保留用户的能力

1.活跃用户 (1. Active users)

Goal:

目标：

To bring as many new, loyal users as possible.

吸引尽可能多的新忠实用户。

You can check on this metric by looking at the stats on the gained and lost users and how fast the user base grows.

您可以通过查看获得和失去的用户的统计数据以及用户群的增长速度来检查该指标。

Ways to do it:

方式：

Media marketing: let the people know about your product and make them talk about it as much as possible. Create social network pages, contact your target audience, and hire people specializing in marketing. All of those things need to be done early, like 3–6 months before the app launch.

媒体营销：让人们了解您的产品，并让他们尽可能多地谈论它。创建社交网络页面，联系您的目标受众，并雇用专门从事市场营销的人员。所有这些事情都需要尽早完成，例如在应用启动前3–6个月。

Referral program: reward your users for inviting friends and leaving positive feedback by giving away free new filters, photo effects, and other useful functions that can help them make the experience better.

推荐计划：通过免费提供新的滤镜，照片效果和其他有用的功能来帮助您的用户邀请朋友并留下积极的反馈，以帮助他们改善体验。

Attracting high profile users and use smart PR: every app for photo sharing has its own important people. Such popular users can enhance your product’s status and popularity. It can be a popular client or a celebrity. You can attract them with the help of a free PR companies on your pages or free early access to your product. Moreover, you should post content that would be interesting to such people.

吸引知名用户并使用智能PR：每个用于照片共享的应用都有自己的重要人物。这样受欢迎的用户可以提高您产品的状态和受欢迎程度。它可以是受欢迎的客户或名人。您可以在页面上免费的公关公司的帮助下吸引他们，或者免费早期访问您的产品。此外，您应该发布这类人感兴趣的内容。

2.用户参与 (2. User involvement)

Goal:

目标：

To make people spend more time on your app and log in more often.

为了使人们在您的应用上花费更多的时间并更频繁地登录。

The involvement level can be assessed by the activity that takes place in your app: likes amount (new and overall), sent media amount (new/recent/overall), and so on.

参与程度可以通过应用程序中发生的活动进行评估：喜欢的数量(新的和整体的)，发送的媒体数量(新的/最近的/总体)等等。

Ways to do it:

方式：

This can be achieved by filling your app with social functions, like comments, likes, groups, friends, followers, channels, instruments to make a profile unique and different.

这可以通过在社交应用中填充评论，喜欢，群组，朋友，关注者，频道，工具等社交功能来实现，从而使个人资料与众不同。

To attract a potential audience, you’ll need to offer high-quality and helpful editing tools that satisfy the needs of professionals. Ensure that the professional photographers get the best terms, and they’ll pay you back by making your app unique and posting their quality content in your app.

为了吸引潜在的受众，您需要提供高质量且有用的编辑工具，以满足专业人士的需求。确保专业摄影师获得最佳条款，并通过使您的应用与众不同并在您的应用中发布其高质量的内容来回报您。

3.留住用户 (3. Keeping the user)

Goal:

目标：

To make sure users come back to your app.

确保用户返回您的应用。

Ways to do it:

方式：

Send push-notifications every time something interesting happens. Since your users will probably be mostly young people, send the notifications and letters at the right time (in the morning, when they’re getting ready for school or college, or later on to encourage them spend their free time in your app).

每当发生有趣的事情时，都发送推送通知。由于您的用户可能主要是年轻人，因此请在适当的时间发送通知和信件(早上，当他们准备上学或上大学时，或稍后鼓励他们在应用中花费空闲时间)。

React to the feedback from your users, whether it’s positive or negative. It’ll show everyone you care about the people who use your app and are even ready to display their feedback.

对您的用户的反馈做出正面或负面的React。它会向您显示您关心的每个使用您的应用程序的人，甚至准备显示他们的反馈。

Launch different promotional events so that your users get involved with everything that happens inside of your app — and make a profit on these events.

发起不同的促销活动，以便您的用户参与应用程序内部发生的一切，并从这些活动中获利。

All these factors are very important, because they show how satisfying your app is for your target audience, what profit you can make, and where you need to head next in order to make your app even better.

所有这些因素都是非常重要的，因为它们表明了您的应用程序对目标受众的满意度，可以带来的利润以及下一步需要改善的应用程序。

营利 (Monetization)

One more factor that most people are interested in, beside the costs of developing an app, is how to monetize it. There are multiple ways to make profit with the help of your app:

除了开发应用程序的成本外，大多数人感兴趣的另一个因素是如何将其货币化。有多种方法可借助您的应用程序获利：

Sponsorship and advertising (companies create their profiles and advertise themselves)
赞助和广告(公司创建个人资料并做广告)
In-app purchases (just as far as your imagination goes — you can sell filters, effects, even let the users smell their own photos)
应用内购买(就您的想象而言，您可以出售滤镜，特效，甚至让用户闻到自己的照片)
Special offers for active users.
活跃用户的特别优惠。

结论 (Conclusion)

So, what do you need to do to create an alternative to Instagram? Just the following:

那么，您需要怎么做才能创建Instagram替代方案？只是以下内容：

Analyze the market, and invent your strategy
分析市场并制定您的策略
Get investors to help you
吸引投资者帮助您
Find the developers that’ll create a MVP for you
查找将为您创建MVP的开发人员
Design your own marketing strategy and launch it a few months before the official app launch
设计您自己的营销策略，并在正式应用启动前几个月启动
Add some unique functions to your app to make it special
向您的应用程序添加一些独特功能，使其具有特殊性
Test it to guarantee the highest quality of your services
测试它以确保您的服务质量最高
Enjoy your (hopefully) successful app!
享受您的(希望)成功的应用程序！

Don’t forget about your rivals, though. Always be alert to what happens in the market and what the current trends look like. Remember, the best has no limits, and you can always improve even further. If you launch a product that will not only satisfy people’s needs, but also be comfortable and nice to use, the success will surely come.

不过，不要忘记您的竞争对手。时刻保持警惕，了解市场情况以及当前趋势。请记住，最好的事物是没有止境的，您总是可以进一步提高。如果您推出的产品不仅能够满足人们的需求，而且使用起来舒适，美观，那么成功必将到来。

As you can see, apps like Instagram are the important tools of social marketing nowadays. So, if you really want to create an Instagram alternative and are ambitious enough to try it, then I hope that this article has been helpful. Get in touch with us today, and we can lay the foundation of your business and development needs!

如您所见，Instagram等应用程序是当今社交营销的重要工具。因此，如果您真的想创建一个Instagram替代方案并且有足够的野心去尝试，那么我希望本文对您有所帮助。立即与我们联系，我们可以为您的业务和发展需求奠定基础！

This article was originally published on the Octodev Blog.

本文最初发表在Octodev Blog上。