C语言操作mysql

php中 mysqli, pdo 可以用 mysqlnd 或 libmysqlclient 实现

前者从 php 5.3.0起已内置到php中, 并且支持更多的特性，推荐用 mysqlnd

mysqlnd ， libmysqlclient 对比：
http://php.net/manual/en/mysqlinfo.library.choosing.php

mysqlnd 目前是php源码的一部分

http://php.net/manual/en/intro.mysqlnd.php

php编译参数：

// Recommended, compiles with mysqlnd
$ ./configure --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysql=mysqlnd// Alternatively recommended, compiles with mysqlnd as of PHP 5.4
$ ./configure --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql --with-mysql// Not recommended, compiles with libmysqlclient
$ ./configure --with-mysqli=/path/to/mysql_config --with-pdo-mysql=/path/to/mysql_config --with-mysql=/path/to/mysql_config

环境准备：

1、安装 libmysqlclient

http://cdn.mysql.com/Downloads/Connector-C/mysql-connector-c-6.0.2.tar.gz

Change location to the top-level directory of the source distribution.
Generate the Makefile:
```
shell> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles"
```
Or, for a Debug build:
```
shell> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
```
By default, the installation location for Connector/C is /usr/local/mysql. To change this location, use theCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX option to specify a different directory when generating the Makefile. For example:
```
shell> cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/local/mysql
```
For other CMake options that you might find useful, see Other Connector/C Build Options.
Build the project:
```
shell> make
```
As root, install the Connector/C headers, libraries, and utilities:
```
root-shell> make install
```

示例代码：

//main.c
//gcc main.c -o test -lmysqlclient// @link http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/c-api-function-overview.htm// libmysqlclient library

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <mysql/mysql.h>MYSQL *get_conn()
{//连接配置char *host = "127.0.0.1";char *user = "root";char *passwd = "";char *db = "test";int  port = 3306;my_bool reconnect = 1;MYSQL *my_con = (MYSQL *)malloc( sizeof(MYSQL) ); //数据库连接句柄//连接数据库
    mysql_init(my_con); mysql_options(my_con, MYSQL_OPT_RECONNECT, &reconnect);mysql_real_connect(my_con, host, user, passwd, db, port, NULL, CLIENT_FOUND_ROWS);mysql_query(my_con, "set names utf8");return my_con;
}/*** 释放空间，关闭连接* * @param mysql* @return */
void free_conn(MYSQL *mysql)
{mysql_close(mysql);free(mysql);
}//发生错误时，输出错误信息，关闭连接，退出程序
void error_quit(const char *str, MYSQL *connection)
{fprintf(stderr, "%s\n errno: %d\n error:%s\n sqlstat:%s\n",str, mysql_errno(connection),mysql_error(connection),mysql_sqlstate(connection));if( connection != NULL ){mysql_close(connection);}free(connection);exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}void insert(MYSQL *my_con)
{int res;res = mysql_query(my_con, "INSERT INTO test(fid) VALUES(null)");if( res != 0 ){error_quit("Select fail", my_con);}printf("affected rows:%d \n", mysql_affected_rows(my_con));printf("last insertId :%d \n", mysql_insert_id(my_con));}void update(MYSQL *my_con)
{int res;res = mysql_query(my_con, "UPDATE test SET FScore=119.10");if( res != 0 ){error_quit("Select fail", my_con);}printf("affected rows:%d \n", mysql_affected_rows(my_con));}void delete(MYSQL *my_con)
{int res;res = mysql_query(my_con, "DELETE FROM test WHERE FID=31");if( res != 0 ){error_quit("Select fail", my_con);}printf("affected rows:%d \n", mysql_affected_rows(my_con));}void query(MYSQL *my_con)
{MYSQL_RES   *my_res;    //查询结果MYSQL_FIELD *my_field;  //结果中字段信息MYSQL_ROW    my_row;    //结果中数据信息
    unsigned long *lengths;int cols, res, i;//获取整个表的内容
    res = mysql_query(my_con, "SELECT * FROM test LIMIT 5");if( res != 0 ){error_quit("Select fail", my_con);}        /*mysql_query , mysql_real_query 区别While a connection is active, the client may send SQL statements to the server using mysql_query() or mysql_real_query(). The difference between the two is that mysql_query() expects the query to be specified as a null-terminated string whereas mysql_real_query() expects a counted string. If the string contains binary data (which may include null bytes), you must use mysql_real_query().     *///从服务端取回结果 mysql_store_result 会把数据全部拉取到客户端, mysql_use_result() 则不会my_res = mysql_store_result(my_con); // A MYSQL_RES result structure with the results. NULL (0) if an error occurred or has not result like deleteif( NULL == my_res ) //可以通过返回值来判断是否是 select 
    {error_quit("Get result fail", my_con);}// mysql_row_seek(), mysql_data_seek() , mysql_num_rows 只有在用mysql_store_result 才可以使用printf("num rows:%d \n", mysql_num_rows(my_res));//获取表的列数cols = mysql_num_fields(my_res);printf("num cols:%d \n", cols);//获取字段信息my_field = mysql_fetch_fields(my_res);for(i=0; i<cols; i++){printf("%s\t", my_field[i].name);}printf("\n");for(i=0; i<cols; i++){//字段类型printf("%d\t", my_field[i].type);}printf("\n");//输出执行结果while( my_row = mysql_fetch_row(my_res) ){for(i=0; i<cols; i++){//数据长度lengths = mysql_fetch_lengths(my_res);printf("%s(%lu)\t", my_row[i], lengths[i]);}printf("\n");}mysql_free_result(my_res);}void status(MYSQL *my_con)
{printf("mysql_get_server_info: %s \n", mysql_get_server_info(my_con));printf("mysql_stat: %s \n", mysql_stat(my_con));printf("mysql_get_proto_info: %u \n", mysql_get_proto_info(my_con));}int main(int argc, char *argv[]) 
{//连接数据库MYSQL *my_con = get_conn();if( NULL == my_con ) {error_quit("Connection fail", my_con);}printf("Connection success \n");status(my_con);insert(my_con);delete(my_con);update(my_con);//select
    query(my_con);// free the memory
    free_conn(my_con);return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

test.sql

/*
Navicat MySQL Data TransferSource Server         : localhost
Source Server Version : 50524
Source Host           : 127.0.0.1:3306
Source Database       : testTarget Server Type    : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50524
File Encoding         : 936Date: 2015-09-16 15:02:57
*/create DATABASE test;SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `test`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `test`;
CREATE TABLE `test` (`FID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`FTableName` char(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',`FFieldName` char(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',`FTemplate` char(30) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',`FScore` decimal(5,2) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.00' COMMENT 'ио╩§',PRIMARY KEY (`FID`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=18 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;-- ----------------------------
-- Records of test
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('1', 'A', 'xx', 'TEMPALTE 1', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('2', 'B', 'jj', 'TEMPALTE 1', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('3', 'D', 'k', 'TEMPALTE 1', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('4', 'C', 'm', 'TEMPALTE 1', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('5', 'B', 'y', 'TEMPALTE 2', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('6', 'D', 'k', 'TEMPALTE 2', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('7', 'C', 'm', 'TEMPALTE 2', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('8', 'E', 'n', 'TEMPALTE 2', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('9', 'D', 'z', 'TEMPALTE 3', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('10', 'E', 'n', 'TEMPALTE 3', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('11', 'A', 'x', 'TEMPALTE 2', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('12', 'A', 'x', 'TEMPALTE 3', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('13', 'A', 'x', 'TEMPALTE 4', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('14', 'E', 'p', 'TEMPALTE 4', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('15', 'A', 'x', 'TEMPALTE 5', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('16', 'C', 'q', 'TEMPALTE 5', '119.10');
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('17', '', '', '', '119.10');