Spring 环境与profile(一)—

Spring 环境与profile(一)——超简用例

什么是profile,为什么需要profile?

在开发时，不同环境（开发、联调、预发、正式等）所需的配置不同导致，如果每改变一个环境就更改配置不但麻烦（修改代码、重新构建）而且容易出错。Spring提供了解决方案。

方法一：配置profile bean

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {//Spring 引入@Profile 制定某个bean属于哪个profile//在方法级别上使用@Profile注解
  @Bean@Profile("dev")public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("classpath:schema.sql").addScript("classpath:dev-data.sql").build();}@Bean@Profile("prod")public DataSource embeddedDataSourceDev() {return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder().setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2).addScript("classpath:schema.sql").addScript("classpath:prod-data.sql").build();}
}

在同一个类的不同方法上使用@Profile注解与@Bean一起使用

方法二：在XML中配置bean

与方法一等价的方式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"xsi:schemaLocation="
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jeehttp://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbchttp://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><beans profile="dev"><jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"><jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" /><jdbc:script location="classpath:dev-data.sql" /></jdbc:embedded-database></beans><beans profile="prod"><jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2"><jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" /><jdbc:script location="classpath:prod-data.sql" /></jdbc:embedded-database></beans>
</beans>

激活profile

Spring在确定哪个profile处于激活状态时，需要依赖两个独立属性：sping.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default。Spring提供了@ActiveProfiles用来指定运行测试时要激活哪个profile,如果没有指定sping.profiles.active，会采用spring.profiles.default的默认值。

测试

package profiles;import static org.junit.Assert.*;import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;import javax.sql.DataSource;import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;import com.myapp.DataSourceConfig;public class DataSourceConfigTest {@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)@ActiveProfiles("dev")public static class DevDataSourceTest {@Autowiredprivate DataSource dataSource;@Testpublic void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {assertNotNull(dataSource);JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {@Overridepublic String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");}});assertEquals(1, results.size());assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));}}@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)@ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")@ActiveProfiles("prod")public static class ProductionDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {@Autowiredprivate DataSource dataSource;@Testpublic void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {assertNotNull(dataSource);JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {@Overridepublic String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");}});assertEquals(1, results.size());assertEquals("1:B", results.get(0));}}}