在《用最少的代码模拟gRPC四种消息交换模式》中,我使用很简单的代码模拟了gRPC四种消息交换模式(Unary、Client Streaming、Server Streaming和Duplex Streaming),现在我们更近一步,试着使用极简的方式打造一个gRPC框架(https://github.com/jiangjinnan/grpc-mini)。这个gRPC是对ASP.NET Core gRPC实现原理的模拟,并不是想重新造一个轮子。
一、“标准”的gRPC定义、承载和调用
二、将gRPC方法抽象成委托
三、将委托转换成RequestDelegate
UnaryCallHandler
ClientStreamingCallHandler
ServerStreamingCallHandler
DuplexStreamingCallHandler
四、路由注册
五、为gRPC服务定义一个接口
六、重新定义和承载服务
一、“标准”的gRPC定义、承载和调用
可能有些读者朋友们对ASP.NET Core gRPC还不是太熟悉,所以我们先来演示一下如何在一个ASP.NET Core应用中如何定义和承载一个简单的gRPC服务,并使用自动生成的客户端代码进行调用。我们新建一个空的解决方案,并在其中添加如下所示的三个项目。
我们在类库项目Proto中定义了如下所示Greeter服务,并利用其中定义的四个操作分别模拟四种消息交换模式。HelloRequest 和HelloReply 是它们涉及的两个ProtoBuf消息。
syntax = "proto3";
import "google/protobuf/empty.proto";service Greeter {rpc SayHelloUnary (HelloRequest) returns ( HelloReply);rpc SayHelloServerStreaming (google.protobuf.Empty) returns (stream HelloReply);rpc SayHelloClientStreaming (stream HelloRequest) returns (HelloReply);rpc SayHelloDuplexStreaming (stream HelloRequest) returns (stream HelloReply);
}message HelloRequest {string name = 1;
}message HelloReply {string message = 1;
}
ASP.NET Core项目中定义了如下的GreeterServce服务实现了定义的四个操作,基类GreeterBase是针对上面这个.proto文件生成的类型。
public class GreeterService: GreeterBase
{public override Task<HelloReply> SayHelloUnary(HelloRequest request, ServerCallContext context)=> Task.FromResult(new HelloReply { Message = $"Hello, {request.Name}" });public override async Task<HelloReply> SayHelloClientStreaming(IAsyncStreamReader<HelloRequest> reader, ServerCallContext context){var list = new List<string>();while (await reader.MoveNext(CancellationToken.None)){list.Add(reader.Current.Name);}return new HelloReply { Message = $"Hello, {string.Join(",", list)}" };}public override async Task SayHelloServerStreaming(Empty request, IServerStreamWriter<HelloReply> responseStream, ServerCallContext context){await responseStream.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello, Foo!" });await Task.Delay(1000);await responseStream.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello, Bar!" });await Task.Delay(1000);await responseStream.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello, Baz!" });}public override async Task SayHelloDuplexStreaming(IAsyncStreamReader<HelloRequest> reader, IServerStreamWriter<HelloReply> writer, ServerCallContext context){while (await reader.MoveNext()){await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = $"Hello {reader.Current.Name}" });}}
}
具体的服务承载代码如下。我们采用Minimal API的形式,通过调用IServiceCollection接口的AddGrpc扩展方法注册相关服务,并调用MapGrpcService<TService>将定义在GreeterServce中的四个方法映射我对应的路由终结点。
var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.Services.AddGrpc();
builder.WebHost.ConfigureKestrel(kestrel => kestrel.ConfigureEndpointDefaults(options => options.Protocols = HttpProtocols.Http2));
var app = builder.Build();
app.MapGrpcService<GreeterService>();
app.Run();
在控制台项目Client中,我们利用生成出来的客户端类型GreeterClient分别一对应的服务交换模式调用了四个gRPC方法。
var channel = GrpcChannel.ForAddress("http://localhost:5000");
var client = new GreeterClient(channel);Console.WriteLine("Unary");
await UnaryCallAsync();Console.WriteLine("\nServer Streaming");
await ServerStreamingCallAsync();Console.WriteLine("\nClient Streaming");
await ClientStreamingCallAsync();Console.WriteLine("\nDuplex Streaming");
await DuplexStreamingCallAsync();
Console.ReadLine();async Task UnaryCallAsync()
{var request = new HelloRequest { Name = "foobar" };var reply = await client.SayHelloUnaryAsync(request);Console.WriteLine(reply.Message);
}
async Task ServerStreamingCallAsync()
{var streamingCall = client.SayHelloServerStreaming(new Empty());var reader = streamingCall.ResponseStream;while (await reader.MoveNext(CancellationToken.None)){Console.WriteLine(reader.Current.Message);}
}
async Task ClientStreamingCallAsync()
{var streamingCall = client.SayHelloClientStreaming();var writer = streamingCall.RequestStream;await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "Foo" });await Task.Delay(1000);await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "Bar" });await Task.Delay(1000);await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "Baz" });await writer.CompleteAsync();var reply = await streamingCall.ResponseAsync;Console.WriteLine(reply.Message);
}
async Task DuplexStreamingCallAsync()
{var streamingCall = client.SayHelloDuplexStreaming();var writer = streamingCall.RequestStream;var reader = streamingCall.ResponseStream;_ = Task.Run(async () =>{await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "Foo" });await Task.Delay(1000);await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "Bar" });await Task.Delay(1000);await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloRequest { Name = "Baz" });await writer.CompleteAsync();});await foreach (var reply in reader.ReadAllAsync()){Console.WriteLine(reply.Message);}
}
如下所示的是客户端控制台上的输出结果。
二、将gRPC方法抽象成委托
通过上面的演示我们也知道,承载的gRPC类型最终会将其实现的方法注册成路由终结点,这一点其实和MVC是一样的。但是gRPC的方法和定义在Controller类型中的Action方法不同之处在于,前者的签名其实是固定的。如果我们将请求和响应消息类型使用Request和Reply来表示,四种消息交换模式的方法签名就可以写成如下的形式。
Task<Reply> Unary(Request request, ServerCallContext context);
Task<Reply> ClientStreaming(IAsyncStreamReader<Request> reader, ServerCallContext context);
Task ServerStreaming(Empty request, IServerStreamWriter<Reply> responseStream, ServerCallContext context);
Task DuplexStreaming(IAsyncStreamReader<Request> reader, IServerStreamWriter<Reply> writer, ServerCallContext context);
“流式”方法中用来读取请求和写入响应的IAsyncStreamReader<T>和IServerStreamWriter<T>定义如下。
public interface IAsyncStreamReader<out T>
{T Current { get; }Task<bool> MoveNext(CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
}
public interface IAsyncStreamWriter<in T>
{Task WriteAsync(T message, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default);
}
public interface IServerStreamWriter<in T> : IAsyncStreamWriter<T>
{
}
public interface IClientStreamWriter<in T> : IAsyncStreamWriter<T>
{Task CompleteAsync();
}
表示服务端调用上下文的ServerCallContext 类型具有丰富的成员,但是它的本质就是对HttpContext上下文的封装,所以我们对它进行了简化。如下面的代码片段所示,我们给予这个上下文类型两个属性成员,一个是表示请求上下文的HttpContext,另一个则是用来设置响应状态StatusCode,后者对应的枚举定义了完整的gRPC状态码。
public class ServerCallContext
{public StatusCode StatusCode { get; set; } = StatusCode.OK;public HttpContext HttpContext { get; }public ServerCallContext(HttpContext httpContext)=> HttpContext = httpContext;
}public enum StatusCode
{OK = 0,Cancelled = 1,Unknown = 2,InvalidArgument = 3,DeadlineExceeded = 4,NotFound = 5,AlreadyExists = 6,PermissionDenied = 7,Unauthenticated = 0x10,ResourceExhausted = 8,FailedPrecondition = 9,Aborted = 10,OutOfRange = 11,Unimplemented = 12,Internal = 13,Unavailable = 14,DataLoss = 0xF
}
既然方法签名固定,意味着我们可以将四种gRPC方法定义成如下四个对应的委托,泛型参数TService、TRequest和TResponse分别表示服务、请求和响应类型。
public delegate Task<TResponse> UnaryMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(TService service, TRequest request, ServerCallContext context)where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;public delegate Task<TResponse> ClientStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(TService service, IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest> reader, ServerCallContext context)where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;public delegate Task ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(TService service, TRequest request, IServerStreamWriter<TResponse> writer, ServerCallContext context)where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;public delegate Task DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(TService service, IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest> reader, IServerStreamWriter<TResponse> writer, ServerCallContext context)where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;
我们知道路由的本质就是创建一组路由模式(Pattern)和对应处理器之间的映射关系。路由模式很简单,对应的路由模板为“{ServiceName}/{MethodName}”,并且采用Post请求方法。对应的处理器最终体现为一个RequestDelegate。那么只要我们能够将上述四种委托类型都转换成RequestDelegate委托,一切都迎刃而解了。
三、将委托转换成RequestDelegate
为了将四种委托类型转化成RequestDelegate,我们将后者实现为一个ServiceCallHandler类型,并为其定义了如下两个基类。ServerCallHandlerBase的HandleCallAsync方法正好与RequestDelegate委托的签名一致,所以这个方法最终会用来处理gRPC请求。不同的消息交换模式采用不同的请求处理方式,只需实现抽象方法HandleCallAsyncCore就可以了。HandleCallAsync方法在调用此抽象方法之前将响应的ContentType设置成gRPC标准的响应类型“application/grpc”。在此之后将状态码设置为“grpc-status”首部,它将在HTTP2的DATA帧发送完毕后,以HEADERS帧发送到客户端。这两项操作都是gRPC协议的一部分。
public abstract class ServerCallHandlerBase
{public async Task HandleCallAsync(HttpContext httpContext){try{var serverCallContext = new ServerCallContext(httpContext);var response = httpContext.Response;response.ContentType = "application/grpc";await HandleCallAsyncCore(serverCallContext);SetStatus(serverCallContext.StatusCode);}catch{SetStatus(StatusCode.Unknown);}void SetStatus(StatusCode statusCode){httpContext.Response.AppendTrailer("grpc-status", ((int)statusCode).ToString());}}protected abstract Task HandleCallAsyncCore(ServerCallContext serverCallContext);
}public abstract class ServerCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse> : ServerCallHandlerBasewhere TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>
{protected ServerCallHandler(MessageParser<TRequest> requestParser)=> RequestParser = requestParser;public MessageParser<TRequest> RequestParser { get; }
}
ServerCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>派生自ServerCallHandlerBase,并利用三个泛型参数TService、TRequest、TResponse来表示服务、请求和响应类型,RequestParser用来提供发序列化请求消息的MessageParser<TRequest>对象。针对四种消息交换模式的ServiceCallHandler类型均继承这个泛型基类。
UnaryCallHandler
基于Unary消息交换模式的ServerCallHandler的具体类型为UnaryCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>,它由上述的UnaryMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>委托构建而成。在重写的HandleCallAsyncCore方法中,我们利用HttpContext提供的IServiceProvider对象将服务实例创建出来后,从请求主体中将请求消息读取出来,然后交给指定的委托对象进行处理并得到响应消息,该响应消息最终用来对当前请求予以回复。
internal class UnaryCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse> : ServerCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>
{private readonly UnaryMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> _handler;public UnaryCallHandler(UnaryMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> handler, MessageParser<TRequest> requestParser):base(requestParser)=> _handler = handler;protected override async Task HandleCallAsyncCore(ServerCallContext serverCallContext){using var scope = serverCallContext.HttpContext.RequestServices.CreateScope();var service = ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<TService>(scope.ServiceProvider);var httpContext = serverCallContext.HttpContext;var request = await httpContext.Request.BodyReader.ReadSingleMessageAsync<TRequest>(RequestParser);var reply = await _handler(service, request!, serverCallContext);await httpContext.Response.BodyWriter.WriteMessageAsync(reply);}
}
请求消息是通过如下这个ReadSingleMessageAsync<TMessage>方法读取出来的。按照gRPC协议,通过网络传输的请求和响应消息都会在前面追加5个字节,第一个字节表示消息是否经过加密,后面四个字节是一个以大端序表示的整数,表示消息的长度。对于其他消息交换模式,也是调用Buffers的TryReadMessage<TRequest>方法从缓冲区中读取请求消息。
public static async Task<TMessage> ReadSingleMessageAsync<TMessage>(this PipeReader reader, MessageParser<TMessage> parser) where TMessage:IMessage<TMessage>
{while (true){var result = await reader.ReadAsync();var buffer = result.Buffer;if (Buffers.TryReadMessage(parser, ref buffer, out var message)){return message!;}reader.AdvanceTo(buffer.Start, buffer.End);if (result.IsCompleted){break;}}throw new IOException("Fails to read message.");
}internal static class Buffers
{public static readonly int HeaderLength = 5;public static bool TryReadMessage<TRequest>(MessageParser<TRequest> parser, ref ReadOnlySequence<byte> buffer, out TRequest? message) where TRequest: IMessage<TRequest>{if (buffer.Length < HeaderLength){message = default;return false;}Span<byte> lengthBytes = stackalloc byte[4];buffer.Slice(1, 4).CopyTo(lengthBytes);var length = BinaryPrimitives.ReadInt32BigEndian(lengthBytes);if (buffer.Length < length + HeaderLength){message = default;return false;}message = parser.ParseFrom(buffer.Slice(HeaderLength, length));buffer = buffer.Slice(length + HeaderLength);return true;}
}
如下这个WriteMessageAsync扩展方法负责输出响应消息。
public static ValueTask<FlushResult> WriteMessageAsync(this PipeWriter writer, IMessage message)
{var length = message.CalculateSize();var span = writer.GetSpan(5 + length);span[0] = 0;BinaryPrimitives.WriteInt32BigEndian(span.Slice(1, 4), length);message.WriteTo(span.Slice(5, length));writer.Advance(5 + length);return writer.FlushAsync();
}
ClientStreamingCallHandler
ClientStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>代表Client Streaming模式下的ServerCallHandler,它由对应的ClientStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>委托创建而成。在重写的HandleCallAsyncCore方法中,除了服务实例,它还需要一个用来以“流”的方式读取请求的IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest>对象,它们都将作为参数传递给指定的委托,后者执行后会返回最终的响应消息。此消息同样通过上面这个WriteMessageAsync扩展方法予以回复。
internal class ClientStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse> : ServerCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>
{private readonly ClientStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> _handler;public ClientStreamingCallHandler(ClientStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> handler, MessageParser<TRequest> requestParser):base(requestParser){_handler = handler;}protected override async Task HandleCallAsyncCore(ServerCallContext serverCallContext){using var scope = serverCallContext.HttpContext.RequestServices.CreateScope();var service = ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<TService>(scope.ServiceProvider);var reader = serverCallContext.HttpContext.Request.BodyReader;var writer = serverCallContext.HttpContext.Response.BodyWriter;var streamReader = new HttpContextStreamReader<TRequest>(serverCallContext.HttpContext, RequestParser);var response = await _handler(service, streamReader, serverCallContext);await writer.WriteMessageAsync(response);}
}
IAsyncStreamReader<T>接口的实现类型为如下这个HttpContextStreamReader<T>。在了解了请求消息在网络中的结构之后,对于实现在该类型中针对请求的读取操作,应该不难理解。
public class HttpContextStreamReader<T> : IAsyncStreamReader<T> where T : IMessage<T>
{private readonly PipeReader _reader;private readonly MessageParser<T> _parser;private ReadOnlySequence<byte> _buffer;public HttpContextStreamReader(HttpContext httpContext, MessageParser<T> parser){_reader = httpContext.Request.BodyReader;_parser = parser;}public T Current { get; private set; } = default!;public async Task<bool> MoveNext(CancellationToken cancellationToken){var completed = false;if (_buffer.IsEmpty){var result = await _reader.ReadAsync(cancellationToken);_buffer = result.Buffer;completed = result.IsCompleted;}if (Buffers.TryReadMessage(_parser, ref _buffer, out var mssage)){Current = mssage!;_reader.AdvanceTo(_buffer.Start, _buffer.End);return true;}_reader.AdvanceTo(_buffer.Start, _buffer.End);_buffer = default;return !completed && await MoveNext(cancellationToken);}
}
ServerStreamingCallHandler
ServerStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>代表Server Streaming模式下的ServerCallHandler,它由对应的ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>委托创建而成。在重写的HandleCallAsyncCore方法中,除了服务实例,它还需要一个用来以“流”的方式写入响应的IAsyncStreamWriter<TResponse>对象,它们都将作为参数传递给指定的委托。
internal class ServerStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse> : ServerCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>
{private readonly ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> _handler;public ServerStreamingCallHandler(ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> handler, MessageParser<TRequest> requestParser):base(requestParser)=> _handler = handler;protected override async Task HandleCallAsyncCore(ServerCallContext serverCallContext){using var scope = serverCallContext.HttpContext.RequestServices.CreateScope();var service = ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<TService>(scope.ServiceProvider);var httpContext = serverCallContext.HttpContext;var streamWriter = new HttpContextStreamWriter<TResponse>(httpContext);var request = await httpContext.Request.BodyReader.ReadSingleMessageAsync(RequestParser);await _handler(service, request, streamWriter, serverCallContext);}
}
IAsyncStreamWriter<T>接口的实现类型为如下这个HttpContextStreamWriter<T>,它直接调用上面定义的WriteMessageAsync扩展方法将指定的消息写入响应主体的输出流。
public class HttpContextStreamWriter<T> : IServerStreamWriter<T> where T : IMessage<T>
{private readonly PipeWriter _writer;public HttpContextStreamWriter(HttpContext httpContext) => _writer = httpContext.Response.BodyWriter;public Task WriteAsync(T message, CancellationToken cancellationToken = default){cancellationToken.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();return _writer.WriteMessageAsync(message).AsTask();}
}
DuplexStreamingCallHandler
DuplexStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>代表Duplex Streaming模式下的ServerCallHandler,它由对应的DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>委托创建而成。在重写的HandleCallAsyncCore方法中,除了服务实例,它还需要分别创建以“流”的方式读/写请求/响应的IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest>和IAsyncStreamWriter<TResponse>对象,对应的类型分别为上面定义的HttpContextStreamReader<TRequest>和HttpContextStreamWriter<TResponse>。
internal class DuplexStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse> : ServerCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>where TService : classwhere TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>
{private readonly DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> _handler;public DuplexStreamingCallHandler(DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> handler, MessageParser<TRequest> requestParser) :base(requestParser)=> _handler = handler;protected override async Task HandleCallAsyncCore(ServerCallContext serverCallContext){using var scope = serverCallContext.HttpContext.RequestServices.CreateScope();var service = ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<TService>(scope.ServiceProvider); var streamReader = new HttpContextStreamReader<TRequest>(serverCallContext.HttpContext, RequestParser);var streamWriter = new HttpContextStreamWriter<TResponse>(serverCallContext.HttpContext);await _handler(service, streamReader, streamWriter, serverCallContext);}
}
四、路由注册
目前我们将针对四种消息交换模式的gRPC方法抽象成对应的泛型委托,并且可以利用它们创建ServerCallHandler,后者可以提供作为路由终结点处理器的RequestDelegate委托。枚举和对应ServerCallHandler之间的映射关系如下所示:
UnaryMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>:UnaryCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>
ClientStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>:ClientStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>
ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>:ServerStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>
DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>:DuplexStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>
现在我们将整个路由注册的流程串起来,为此我们定义了如下这个IServiceBinder<TService>接口,它提供了两种方式将定义在服务类型TService中的gRPC方法注册成对应的路由终结点。
public interface IServiceBinder<TService> where TService : class
{IServiceBinder<TService> AddUnaryMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<TRequest, ServerCallContext, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddClientStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest>, ServerCallContext, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddServerStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<TRequest, IServerStreamWriter<TResponse>, ServerCallContext, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddDuplexStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest>, IServerStreamWriter<TResponse>, ServerCallContext, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddUnaryMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(Expression<Func<TService, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddClientStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>( Expression<Func<TService, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddServerStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>( Expression<Func<TService, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;IServiceBinder<TService> AddDuplexStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>( Expression<Func<TService, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>;
}
路由终结点由路由模式和处理器两个元素组成,路由模式主要体现在由gRPC服务和操作名称组成的路由模板,我们默认使用服务类型的名称和方法名称(提出Async后缀)。为了能够对这两个名称进行定制,我们定义了如下两个特性GrpcServiceAttribute和GrpcMethodAttribute,它们可以分别标注在服务类型和操作方法上来指定一个任意的名称。
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class)]
public class GrpcServiceAttribute: Attribute
{public string? ServiceName { get; set; }
}[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
public class GrpcMethodAttribute : Attribute
{public string? MethodName { get; set; }
}
如下所示的ServiceBinder<TService> 是对IServiceBinder<TService> 接口的实现,它是对一个IEndpointRouteBuilder 对象的封装。对于实现的第一组方法,我们利用提供的方法名称与解析TService类型得到的服务名称合并,进而得到路由终结点的URL模板。这些方法还提供了一个针对gRPC方法签名的Func<TService,Func<…>>委托,我们利用它来将提供用于构建对应ServiceCallHandler的委托。我们最终利用IEndpointRouteBuilder 对象完成针对路由终结点的注册。
public class ServiceBinder<TService> : IServiceBinder<TService> where TService : class
{private readonly IEndpointRouteBuilder _routeBuilder;public ServiceBinder(IEndpointRouteBuilder routeBuilder) => _routeBuilder = routeBuilder;public IServiceBinder<TService> AddUnaryMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<TRequest, ServerCallContext, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{Task<TResponse> GetMethod(TService service, TRequest request, ServerCallContext context) => methodAccessor(service)(request, context);var callHandler = new UnaryCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(GetMethod, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddClientStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest>, ServerCallContext, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{Task<TResponse> GetMethod(TService service, IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest> reader, ServerCallContext context) => methodAccessor(service)(reader, context);var callHandler = new ClientStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(GetMethod, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddServerStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<TRequest, IServerStreamWriter<TResponse>, ServerCallContext, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> handler = (service, request, writer, context) => methodAccessor(service)(request, writer, context);var callHandler = new ServerStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(handler, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddDuplexStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(string methodName, Func<TService, Func<IAsyncStreamReader<TRequest>, IServerStreamWriter<TResponse>, ServerCallContext, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse> handler = (service, reader, writer, context) => methodAccessor(service)(reader, writer, context);var callHandler = new DuplexStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(handler, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}private static string GetPath(string methodName){var serviceName = typeof(TService).GetCustomAttribute<GrpcServiceAttribute>()?.ServiceName ?? typeof(TService).Name;if (methodName.EndsWith("Async")){methodName = methodName.Substring(0, methodName.Length - 5);}return $"{serviceName}/{methodName}";}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddUnaryMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(Expression<Func<TService, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{var method = CreateDelegate<UnaryMethod<TService, TRequest,TResponse>>(methodAccessor, out var methodName);var serviceName = typeof(TService).GetCustomAttribute<GrpcServiceAttribute>()?.ServiceName ?? typeof(TService).Name;var callHandler = new UnaryCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(method, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddClientStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>( Expression<Func<TService, Task<TResponse>>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{var method = CreateDelegate<ClientStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>>(methodAccessor, out var methodName);var serviceName = typeof(TService).GetCustomAttribute<GrpcServiceAttribute>()?.ServiceName ?? typeof(TService).Name;var callHandler = new ClientStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(method, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddServerStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(Expression<Func<TService, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{var method = CreateDelegate<ServerStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>>(methodAccessor, out var methodName);var serviceName = typeof(TService).GetCustomAttribute<GrpcServiceAttribute>()?.ServiceName ?? typeof(TService).Name;var callHandler = new ServerStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(method, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}public IServiceBinder<TService> AddDuplexStreamingMethod<TRequest, TResponse>(Expression<Func<TService, Task>> methodAccessor, MessageParser<TRequest> parser)where TRequest : IMessage<TRequest>where TResponse : IMessage<TResponse>{var method = CreateDelegate<DuplexStreamingMethod<TService, TRequest, TResponse>>(methodAccessor, out var methodName);var serviceName = typeof(TService).GetCustomAttribute<GrpcServiceAttribute>()?.ServiceName ?? typeof(TService).Name;var callHandler = new DuplexStreamingCallHandler<TService, TRequest, TResponse>(method, parser);_routeBuilder.MapPost(ServiceBinder<TService>.GetPath(methodName), callHandler.HandleCallAsync);return this;}private TDelegate CreateDelegate<TDelegate>(LambdaExpression expression, out string methodName) where TDelegate : Delegate{var method = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Method;methodName = method.GetCustomAttribute<GrpcMethodAttribute>()?.MethodName ?? method.Name;return (TDelegate)Delegate.CreateDelegate(typeof(TDelegate), method);}
}
由于第二组方法提供的针对gRPC方法调用的表达式,所以我们可以得到描述方法的MethodInfo对象,该对象不但解决了委托对象的创建问题,还可以提供方法的名称,所以这组方法无需提供gRPC方法的名称。但是提供的表达式并不能严格匹配方法的签名,所以无法提供编译时的错误检验,所以各有优缺点。
五、为gRPC服务定义一个接口
由于路由终结点的注册是针对服务类型进行的,所以我们决定让服务类型自身来完成所有的路由注册工作。在这里我们使用C# 11中一个叫做“静态接口方法”的特性,为服务类型定义如下这个IGrpcService<TService>接口,服务类型TService定义的所有gRPC方法的路由注册全部在静态方法Bind中完成,该方法将上述的IServiceBinder<TService>作为参数。
public interface IGrpcService<TService> where TService:class
{static abstract void Bind(IServiceBinder<TService> binder);
}
我们定义了如下这个针对IEndpointRouteBuilder 接口的扩展方法完成针对指定服务类型的路由注册。为了与现有的方法区别开来,我特意将其命名为MapGrpcService2。该方法根据指定的IEndpointRouteBuilder 对象将ServiceBinder<TService>对象创建出来,并作为参数调用服务类型的静态Bind方法。到此为止,整个Mini版的gRPC服务端框架就构建完成了,接下来我们看看它能否工作。
public static class EndpointRouteBuilderExtensions
{public static IEndpointRouteBuilder MapGrpcService2<TService>(this IEndpointRouteBuilder routeBuilder) where TService : class, IGrpcService<TService>{var binder = new ServiceBinder<TService>(routeBuilder);TService.Bind(binder);return routeBuilder;}
}
六、重新定义和承载服务
我们开篇演示了ASP.NET Core gRPC的服务定义、承载和调用。如果我们上面构建的Mini版gRPC框架能够正常工作,意味着客户端代码可以保持不变,我们现在就来试试看。我们在Server项目中将GreeterService服务类型改成如下的形式,它不再继承任何基类,只实现IGrpcService<GreeterService>接口。针对四种消息交换模式的四个方法的实现方法保持不变,在实现的静态Bind方法中,我们采用两种形式完成了针对这四个方法的路由注册。
[GrpcService(ServiceName = "Greeter")]
public class GreeterService: IGrpcService<GreeterService>
{public Task<HelloReply> SayHelloUnaryAsync(HelloRequest request, ServerCallContext context)=> Task.FromResult(new HelloReply { Message = $"Hello, {request.Name}" });public async Task<HelloReply> SayHelloClientStreamingAsync(IAsyncStreamReader<HelloRequest> reader, ServerCallContext context){var list = new List<string>();while (await reader.MoveNext(CancellationToken.None)){list.Add(reader.Current.Name);}return new HelloReply { Message = $"Hello, {string.Join(",", list)}" };}public async Task SayHelloServerStreamingAsync(Empty request, IServerStreamWriter<HelloReply> responseStream, ServerCallContext context){await responseStream.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello, Foo!" });await Task.Delay(1000);await responseStream.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello, Bar!" });await Task.Delay(1000);await responseStream.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = "Hello, Baz!" });}public async Task SayHelloDuplexStreamingAsync(IAsyncStreamReader<HelloRequest> reader, IServerStreamWriter<HelloReply> writer, ServerCallContext context){while (await reader.MoveNext()){await writer.WriteAsync(new HelloReply { Message = $"Hello {reader.Current.Name}" });}}public static void Bind(IServiceBinder<GreeterService> binder){binder.AddUnaryMethod<HelloRequest, HelloReply>(it =>it.SayHelloUnaryAsync(default!,default!), HelloRequest.Parser).AddClientStreamingMethod<HelloRequest, HelloReply>(it => it.SayHelloClientStreamingAsync(default!, default!), HelloRequest.Parser).AddServerStreamingMethod<Empty, HelloReply>(nameof(SayHelloServerStreamingAsync), it => it.SayHelloServerStreamingAsync, Empty.Parser).AddDuplexStreamingMethod<HelloRequest, HelloReply>(nameof(SayHelloDuplexStreamingAsync), it => it.SayHelloDuplexStreamingAsync, HelloRequest.Parser);}}
}
服务承载程序直接将针对MapGrpcService<GreeterService>方法的调用换成MapGrpcService2<GreeterService>。由于整个框架根本不需要预先注册任何的服务,所以针对AddGrpc扩展方法的调用也可以删除。
using GrpcMini;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core;var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);
builder.WebHost.ConfigureKestrel(kestrel => kestrel.ConfigureEndpointDefaults(options => options.Protocols = HttpProtocols.Http2));
var app = builder.Build();
app.MapGrpcService2<Server.Greeter>();
app.Run();
再次运行我们的程序,客户端依然可以得到相同的输出。