在Linux上运行Windows软件的4种以上方法

Linux has come a long way, but you may still need to run Windows applications occasionally – especially Windows-only PC games. Luckily, there are quite a few ways to run Windows applications on Linux.

Linux已经走了很长一段路，但是您可能仍然偶尔需要运行Windows应用程序-特别是仅Windows的PC游戏。幸运的是，有很多方法可以在Linux上运行Windows应用程序。

Of course, before you try to run an old Windows program, you should look or alternatives that run natively on Linux. You’ll have a better experience if you can find a decent alternative that runs without any fiddling.

当然，在尝试运行旧的Windows程序之前，应先看一下本机或在Linux上本地运行的替代程序。如果您可以找到运行时没有任何麻烦的不错的替代产品，则将有更好的体验。

使用酒 (Use Wine)

Wine is a compatibility layer that allows Windows applications to run on Linux. It’s basically an implementation of the Windows API on Linux. Of course, Microsoft doesn’t publish all the information we need to re-implement the Windows API from scratch, so Wine has to be reverse-engineered. While it works amazingly well given how little Microsoft has given us to worth with, it’s nowhere near perfect.

Wine是一个兼容性层，它允许Windows应用程序在Linux上运行。它基本上是Windows API在Linux上的实现。当然，Microsoft不会发布从头开始重新实现Windows API所需的所有信息，因此必须对Wine进行逆向工程。尽管微软提供给我们的东西很少，但它的工作效果却非常出色，但还远远不够完美。

To run an application in Wine, you can install Wine and use it to launch an installer’s .exe file. Before you do, you should take a look at the Wine Application Database website, which will tell you how well an application runs in Wine. Wine is frequently used for games, as games are the one type of software that can’t run in a virtual machine. While Wine can be used to run desktop applications like Photoshop and Microsoft Word, these will run flawlessly in a virtual machine (see below).

要在Wine中运行应用程序，您可以安装Wine并使用它启动安装程序的.exe文件。在执行此操作之前，您应该先查看Wine应用程序数据库网站，该网站将告诉您应用程序在Wine中的运行情况。 Wine通常用于游戏，因为游戏是无法在虚拟机中运行的一种软件。尽管Wine可用于运行Photoshop和Microsoft Word等桌面应用程序，但它们将在虚拟机中完美运行(请参见下文)。

You can also try using an application like PlayOnLinux, which helps automate the process of installing supported games and other software in Wine.

您还可以尝试使用PlayOnLinux之类的应用程序，该应用程序可以自动执行Wine中支持的游戏和其他软件的安装过程。

The Netflix Desktop app uses a patched version of Wine to run Netflix on Linux – Silverlight doesn’t work properly with the current version of Wine.

Netflix桌面应用程序使用修补程序的Wine来在Linux上运行Netflix – Silverlight无法在当前版本的Wine上正常工作。

在虚拟机中运行Windows (Run Windows in a Virtual Machine)

While Wine may have bugs or crashes when installing applications, a virtual machine will be able to run those desktop applications just fine. Install Windows in a virtual machine program like VirtualBox, VMware Player, or KVM and you’ll have Windows running in a window. You can install windows software in the virtual machine and run it on your Linux desktop.

尽管Wine在安装应用程序时可能会出现错误或崩溃，但虚拟机将能够很好地运行那些桌面应用程序。在诸如VirtualBox， VMware Player或KVM之类的虚拟机程序中安装Windows，您将在窗口中运行Windows。您可以在虚拟机中安装Windows软件，然后在Linux桌面上运行它。

Virtual machines introduce some overhead, but with today’s fast CPUs, running many types of software in a virtual machine shouldn’t be a problem. This is especially true after you’ve tweaked those virtual machines for speed. This doesn’t apply to games – virtual machines don’t have very good 3D graphics support, so all but the oldest games will fail to run.

虚拟机会带来一些开销，但是使用当今快速的CPU，在虚拟机中运行多种类型的软件应该不是问题。在调整了这些虚拟机的速度之后，尤其如此。这不适用于游戏-虚拟机没有很好的3D图形支持，因此，除了最旧的游戏以外的所有游戏都将无法运行。

To integrate the Windows applications with your desktop, you can use VirtualBox’s seamless mode or VMware’s Unity mode. The applications will still be running in a virtual machine, but their windows will appear seamlessly on your desktop, as if they were running on Linux.

要将Windows应用程序与桌面集成在一起，可以使用VirtualBox的无缝模式或VMware的Unity模式。这些应用程序仍将在虚拟机中运行，但是它们的窗口将无缝显示在桌面上，就像它们在Linux上运行一样。

尝试CrossOver (Try CrossOver)

If Wine seems like too much of a pain, you may want to try CrossOver Linux. CrossOver is a commercial product so it will cost you money, although CodeWeavers offer a free trial. CrossOver essentially takes the Wine software and packages it so that it’s guaranteed to work properly with popular applications like Photoshop, Office, and even popular games. CodeWeavers provides commercial support for these supported programs, so you have someone to turn to if something breaks.

如果Wine似乎太痛苦了，您可以尝试使用CrossOver Linux 。 CrossOver是一种商业产品，因此尽管CodeWeavers提供免费试用版，但仍会花费您金钱。 CrossOver本质上采用了Wine软件并将其打包，从而保证可以与流行的应用程序(例如Photoshop，Office甚至流行的游戏)正常工作。 CodeWeavers为这些受支持的程序提供商业支持，因此如果出现问题，您可以寻求帮助。

This option isn’t for everyone – often you can run the same applications by using Wine – but if you’re just interested in running a few popular applications on your Linux desktop and paying someone else to do the tweaking for you, CrossOver may be your ticket. CrossOver also sends their patches back to the Wine project, so the money you pay helps fund open-source Wine development.

这个选项并不适合每个人-通常您可以使用Wine来运行相同的应用程序-但是，如果您只想在Linux桌面上运行一些流行的应用程序并花钱让别人来为您做调整，CrossOver可能会您的票。 CrossOver还将其补丁发送回Wine项目，因此您支付的资金有助于资助开源Wine开发。

As with Wine, CrossOver won’t work perfectly with everything. Like with Wine, CodeWeavers has a compatibility database website.

与Wine一样，CrossOver不能与所有功能完美配合。与Wine一样， CodeWeavers拥有一个兼容性数据库网站。

使用远程桌面 (Use a Remote Desktop)

If you have access to a remote Windows system, you may want to try running your applications on the remote Windows system and using remote desktop on your Linux system to access them. The applications will be running remotely on a real Windows system, so they should work properly.

如果您有权访问远程Windows系统，则可能要尝试在远程Windows系统上运行应用程序，并使用Linux系统上的远程桌面来访问它们。这些应用程序将在真实的Windows系统上远程运行，因此它们应该可以正常运行。

Many Linux desktops include software for accessing remote Windows desktops already. If not, you can install the rdesktop package.

许多Linux桌面已经包含用于访问远程Windows桌面的软件。如果没有，您可以安装rdesktop软件包。

当其他所有方法均失败时：双启动 (When All Else Fails: Dual Boot)

You can’t run every Windows program on Linux – when a big new PC game comes out, it will often be quite some time until it runs properly in Wine. While Steam on Linux and rumored Linux support from Blizzard may change this in the future, games are the one category of app that have the most issues on Linux – although many older games work perfectly.

您不能在Linux上运行每个Windows程序-当一款大型PC游戏问世时，通常要花很多时间才能在Wine中正常运行。虽然Linux上的Steam和暴雪提供Linux支持可能会在将来改变这种情况，但游戏是Linux上问题最多的一类应用程序-尽管许多较旧的游戏都能完美运行。

Instead of giving up on Windows entirely, consider keeping it around in a dual-boot configuration. When you want to play a new game that doesn’t work properly on Linux, restart into your Windows system.

与其完全放弃Windows，不如考虑将其保留在双引导配置中。如果您想玩在Linux上无法正常运行的新游戏，请重新启动Windows系统。