三种方法：

1. pip 安装 ：

pip install opencv-python ，最新版为opencv3

安装后

>>> import cv2
>>> print cv2.__version__

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/lclblack/p/6377710.html

2. anaconda的conda安装 ,可以指定opencv版本，如opencv2

conda install -c https://conda.binstar.org/menpo opencv=2.4.9

但是容易出问题，比如 /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found问题 ，可以参考如下链接升级

https://my.oschina.net/zhangxu0512/blog/262275

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-01/139833.htm

http://www.cnblogs.com/MrLJC/p/4245925.html

可能导致奔溃，所以请小心安装。

3. 源码装

https://docs.opencv.org/3.0-beta/doc/py_tutorials/py_setup/py_setup_in_fedora/py_setup_in_fedora.html#install-opencv-python-in-fedora

装完后，

Installation is over. All files are installed in /usr/local/ folder. But to use it, your Python should be able to find OpenCV module. You have two options for that.

1. Move the module to any folder in Python Path : Python path can be found out by entering import sys;printsys.path in Python terminal. It will print out many locations. Move /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so to any of this folder. For example,

   su mv /usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cv2.so /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
   

But you will have to do this every time you install OpenCV.

2. Add ``/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages`` to the PYTHON_PATH: It is to be done only once. Just open ~/.bashrc and add following line to it, then log out and come back.

   export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages
   

Thus OpenCV installation is finished. Open a terminal and try import cv2.

参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/freeweb/p/5794447.html

4. python的测试

http://blog.csdn.net/this_is_chris/article/details/51498673

http://blog.csdn.net/u012150360/article/details/70156195

https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/14bd256e466474bb6d2612db.html

linux下查看opencv版本

http://blog.csdn.net/lzh2912/article/details/52494891

5. 覆盖原有opencv

 如果服务器已经安装了opencv,但是通过anaconda的conda安装，也安装了python的opencv接口，会发现其中也包含了opencv的lib,include文件，如下：

这时可以使用这个版本的opencv覆盖原装的，方法是修改bashrc,如下：

## 动态库搜索路径

 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/home/caiyong.wang/anaconda2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
##(静态库搜索路径) 程序编译期间查找动态链接库时指定查找共享库的路径export LIBRARY_PATH=/home/caiyong.wang/anaconda2/lib:$LIBRARY_PATH ##c程序头文件搜索路径export C_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/caiyong.wang/anaconda2/include:$C_INCLUDE_PATH 
##c++程序头文件搜索路径export CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH=/home/caiyong.wang/anaconda2/include:$CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH 
##pkg-config 路径export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/home/caiyong.wang/anaconda2/lib/pkgconfig/:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH

可以使用原方法测试。