转载自http://www.cppblog.com/lai3d/archive/2008/10/23/64889.html

Intrinsic Functions (DirectX HLSL)

The following table lists the intrinsic functions available in HLSL. Each function has a brief description, and a link to a reference page that has more detail about the input argument and return type.

Name	Syntax	Description
abs	abs(x)	Absolute value (per component).
acos	acos(x)	Returns the arccosine of each component of x.
all	all(x)	Test if all components of x are nonzero.
any	any(x)	Test if any component of x is nonzero.
asfloat	asfloat(x)	Convert the input type to a float.
asin	asin(x)	Returns the arcsine of each component of x.
asint	asint(x)	Convert the input type to an integer.
asuint	asuint(x)	Convert the input type to an unsigned integer.
atan	atan(x)	Returns the arctangent of x.
atan2	atan2(y, x)	Returns the arctangent of of two values (x,y).
ceil	ceil(x)	Returns the smallest integer which is greater than or equal to x.
clamp	clamp(x, min, max)	Clamps x to the range [min, max].
clip	clip(x)	Discards the current pixel, if any component of x is less than zero.
cos	cos(x)	Returns the cosine of x.
cosh	cosh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.
cross	cross(x, y)	Returns the cross product of two 3D vectors.
D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4	D3DCOLORtoUBYTE4(x)	Swizzles and scales components of the 4D vector x to compensate for the lack of UBYTE4 support in some hardware.
ddx	ddx(x)	Returns the partial derivative of x with respect to the screen-space x-coordinate.
ddy	ddy(x)	Returns the partial derivative of x with respect to the screen-space y-coordinate.
degrees	degrees(x)	Converts x from radians to degrees.
determinant	determinant(m)	Returns the determinant of the square matrix m.
distance	distance(x, y)	Returns the distance between two points.
dot	dot(x, y)	Returns the dot product of two vectors.
exp	exp(x)	Returns the base-e exponent.
exp2	exp2(x)	Base 2 exponent (per component).
faceforward	faceforward(n, i, ng)	Returns -n * sign(•(i, ng)).
floor	floor(x)	Returns the greatest integer which is less than or equal to x.
fmod	fmod(x, y)	Returns the floating point remainder of x/y.
frac	frac(x)	Returns the fractional part of x.
frexp	frexp(x, exp)	Returns the mantissa and exponent of x.
fwidth	fwidth(x)	Returns abs(ddx(x)) + abs(ddy(x))
GetRenderTargetSampleCount	GetRenderTargetSampleCount()	Returns the number of render-target samples.
GetRenderTargetSamplePosition	GetRenderTargetSamplePosition(x)	Returns a sample position (x,y) for a given sample index.
isfinite	isfinite(x)	Returns true if x is finite, false otherwise.
isinf	isinf(x)	Returns true if x is +INF or -INF, false otherwise.
isnan	isnan(x)	Returns true if x is NAN or QNAN, false otherwise.
ldexp	ldexp(x, exp)	Returns x * 2exp
length	length(v)	Returns the length of the vector v.
lerp	lerp(x, y, s)	Returns x + s(y - x).
lit	lit(n • l, n • h, m)	Returns a lighting vector (ambient, diffuse, specular, 1)
log	log(x)	Returns the base-e logarithm of x.
log10	log10(x)	Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
log2	log2(x)	Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
max	max(x, y)	Selects the greater of x and y.
min	min(x, y)	Selects the lesser of x and y.
modf	modf(x, out ip)	Splits the value x into fractional and integer parts.
mul	mul(x, y)	Performs matrix multiplication using x and y.
noise	noise(x)	Generates a random value using the Perlin-noise algorithm.
normalize	normalize(x)	Returns a normalized vector.
pow	pow(x, y)	Returns xy.
radians	radians(x)	Converts x from degrees to radians.
reflect	reflect(i, n)	Returns a reflection vector.
refract	refract(i, n, R)	Returns the refraction vector.
round	round(x)	Rounds x to the nearest integer
rsqrt	rsqrt(x)	Returns 1 / sqrt(x)
saturate	saturate(x)	Clamps x to the range [0, 1]
sign	sign(x)	Computes the sign of x.
sin	sin(x)	Returns the sine of x
sincos	sincos(x, out s, out c)	Returns the sine and cosine of x.
sinh	sinh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic sine of x
smoothstep	smoothstep(min, max, x)	Returns a smooth Hermite interpolation between 0 and 1.
sqrt	sqrt(x)	Square root (per component)
step	step(a, x)	Returns (x >= a) ? 1 : 0
tan	tan(x)	Returns the tangent of x
tanh	tanh(x)	Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x
tex1D	tex1D(s, t)	1D texture lookup.
tex1Dbias	tex1Dbias(s, t)	1D texture lookup with bias.
tex1Dgrad	tex1Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	1D texture lookup with a gradient.
tex1Dlod	tex1Dlod(s, t)	1D texture lookup with LOD.
tex1Dproj	tex1Dproj(s, t)	1D texture lookup with projective divide.
tex2D	tex2D(s, t)	2D texture lookup.
tex2Dbias	tex2Dbias(s, t)	2D texture lookup with bias.
tex2Dgrad	tex2Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	2D texture lookup with a gradient.
tex2Dlod	tex2Dlod(s, t)	2D texture lookup with LOD.
tex2Dproj	tex2Dproj(s, t)	2D texture lookup with projective divide.
tex3D	tex3D(s, t)	3D texture lookup.
tex3Dbias	tex3Dbias(s, t)	3D texture lookup with bias.
tex3Dgrad	tex3Dgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	3D texture lookup with a gradient.
tex3Dlod	tex3Dlod(s, t)	3D texture lookup with LOD.
tex3Dproj	tex3Dproj(s, t)	3D texture lookup with projective divide.
texCUBE	texCUBE(s, t)	Cube texture lookup.
texCUBEbias	texCUBEbias(s, t)	Cube texture lookup with bias.
texCUBEgrad	texCUBEgrad(s, t, ddx, ddy)	Cube texture lookup with a gradient.
texCUBElod	tex3Dlod(s, t)	Cube texture lookup with LOD.
texCUBEproj	texCUBEproj(s, t)	Cube texture lookup with projective divide.
transpose	transpose(m)	Returns the transpose of the matrix m.
trunc	trunc(x)	Truncates floating-point value(s) to integer value(s)

 

表 3-1 HLSL内置函数

函数名            用法

abs                         计算输入值的绝对值。

acos                        返回输入值反余弦值。

all                           测试非0值。

any                         测试输入值中的任何非零值。

asin                         返回输入值的反正弦值。

atan                        返回输入值的反正切值。

atan2                       返回y/x的反正切值。

ceil                         返回大于或等于输入值的最小整数。

clamp                      把输入值限制在[min, max]范围内。

clip                         如果输入向量中的任何元素小于0，则丢弃当前像素。

cos                         返回输入值的余弦。

cosh                       返回输入值的双曲余弦。

cross                      返回两个3D向量的叉积。

ddx                         返回关于屏幕坐标x轴的偏导数。

ddy                         返回关于屏幕坐标y轴的偏导数。

degrees                   弧度到角度的转换

determinant              返回输入矩阵的值。

distance                   返回两个输入点间的距离。

dot                          返回两个向量的点积。

exp                         返回以e为底数，输入值为指数的指数函数值。

exp2                       返回以2为底数，输入值为指数的指数函数值。

faceforward             检测多边形是否位于正面。

floor                       返回小于等于x的最大整数。

fmod                       返回a / b的浮点余数。

frac                        返回输入值的小数部分。

frexp                       返回输入值的尾数和指数

fwidth                     返回 abs ( ddx (x) + abs ( ddy(x))。

isfinite                     如果输入值为有限值则返回true，否则返回false。

isinf                        如何输入值为无限的则返回true。

isnan                       如果输入值为NAN或QNAN则返回true。

ldexp                       frexp的逆运算，返回 x * 2 ^ exp。

len / lenth                返回输入向量的长度。

lerp                         对输入值进行插值计算。

lit                            返回光照向量（环境光，漫反射光，镜面高光，1）。

log                          返回以e为底的对数。

log10                      返回以10为底的对数。

log2                        返回以2为底的对数。

max                        返回两个输入值中较大的一个。

min                         返回两个输入值中较小的一个。

modf                       把输入值分解为整数和小数部分。

mul                         返回输入矩阵相乘的积。

normalize                 返回规范化的向量，定义为 x / length(x)。

pow                        返回输入值的指定次幂。

radians                    角度到弧度的转换。

reflect                     返回入射光线i对表面法线n的反射光线。

refract                     返回在入射光线i，表面法线n，折射率为eta下的折射光线v。

round                      返回最接近于输入值的整数。

rsqrt                       返回输入值平方根的倒数。

saturate                   把输入值限制到[0, 1]之间。

sign                        计算输入值的符号。

sin                          计算输入值的正弦值。

sincos                     返回输入值的正弦和余弦值。

sinh                        返回x的双曲正弦。

smoothstep              返回一个在输入值之间平稳变化的插值。

sqrt                         返回输入值的平方根。

step                        返回（x >= a）? 1 : 0。

tan                          返回输入值的正切值。

fanh                        返回输入值的双曲线切线。

transpose                 返回输入矩阵的转置。

tex1D*                    1D纹理查询。

tex2D*                    2D纹理查询。

tex3D*                    3D纹理查询。

texCUBE*                立方纹理查询。