文章目录
- 通过动态链表实现游戏角色动态增加
- CMemoryDC.h
- CFlashDlg.h
- CFlashDlg.cpp
- WM_ERASEBKGND背景刷新的原理
- RegisterClass注册窗口与框架程序开发
- CFrameRegister
通过动态链表实现游戏角色动态增加
CMemoryDC.h
#pragma once#include "resource.h"/*内存DC类简介: 1、BOOL LoadBitmap(UINT nBitmapID,CDC* pDC = NULL)从资源中按照,按位图ID加载位图2、BOOL LoadFile(LPCTSTR sFile, CDC* pDC = NULL)从exe外部加载图片(调用LoadImage)3、BOOL Create(int cx, int cy, CDC* pDC = NULL)创建空白位图(默认是全黑)4、总共有4种构造函数,包含以上3种还有空构造:CMemoryDC(UINT nBitmapID)//从资源按照位图编号来加载CMemoryDC(LPCTSTR sFile, CDC* pDC = NULL)//从exe外部加载CMemoryDC(int cx, int cy, CDC* pDC=NULL)//指定高宽创建空白位图5、void MakeRgn(CRgn& r,COLORREF col)生成透明区域6、int GetWidth() constint GetHeight() const方便地获取图片高宽:7、透明显示:BitTrans和StrecthTrans*/class CMemoryDC :public CDC{CSize m_size;public:CMemoryDC();int GetWidth() const{return m_size.cx;}int GetHeight() const{return m_size.cy;}CSize GetSize() const{return m_size;}void BitTrans(int nXDest, // 目标起点Xint nYDest, // 目标起点Yint nWidthDest, // 目标宽度int nHeightDest,// 目标高度CDC* pDC, // 目标DCint nXSrc, // 来源起点Xint nYSrc, // 来源起点YCOLORREF crTrans// 透明色){CMemoryDC dcImage(nWidthDest, nHeightDest, pDC);//临时DCCBitmap bmpMask;bmpMask.CreateBitmap(nWidthDest, nHeightDest, 1, 1, NULL); // 创建单色掩码位图CDC dcMask;//掩码DC dcMask.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);dcMask.SelectObject(bmpMask);//将载入位图的内存DC中的位图,拷贝到临时DC中dcImage.BitBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, this, nXSrc, nYSrc, SRCCOPY);// 设置临时DC的透明色dcImage.SetBkColor(crTrans);//掩码DC的透明区域为白色其它区域为黑色dcMask.BitBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcImage, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);//临时DC透明区域为黑色,其它区域保持不变dcImage.SetBkColor(RGB(0, 0, 0));dcImage.SetTextColor(RGB(255, 255, 255));dcImage.BitBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcMask, 0, 0, SRCAND);// 目标DC透明部分保持屏幕不变,其它部分变成黑色pDC->SetBkColor(RGB(255, 255, 255));pDC->SetTextColor(RGB(0, 0, 0));pDC->BitBlt(nXDest, nYDest, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcMask, 0, 0, SRCAND);pDC->BitBlt(nXDest, nYDest, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcImage, 0, 0, SRCPAINT);}void StretchTrans(int nXDest, // 目标起点Xint nYDest, // 目标起点Yint nWidthDest, // 目标宽度int nHeightDest, // 目标高度CDC* pDC, // 目标DCint nXSrc, // 来源起点Xint nYSrc, // 来源起点Yint nWidthSrc, // 来源宽度int nHeightSrc, // 来源高度COLORREF crTrans // 透明色){CMemoryDC dcImage(nWidthDest, nHeightDest, pDC);//临时DCCBitmap bmpMask;// 创建单色掩码位图bmpMask.CreateBitmap(nWidthDest, nHeightDest, 1, 1, NULL);CDC dcMask;dcMask.CreateCompatibleDC(pDC);dcMask.SelectObject(bmpMask);// 将载入位图的内存DC中的位图,拷贝到临时DC中if (nWidthDest == nWidthSrc && nHeightDest == nHeightSrc)dcImage.BitBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, this, nXSrc, nYSrc, SRCCOPY);elsedcImage.StretchBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest,this, nXSrc, nYSrc, nWidthSrc, nHeightSrc, SRCCOPY);// 设置临时DC的透明色dcImage.SetBkColor(crTrans);//掩码DC的透明区域为白色其它区域为黑色dcMask.BitBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcImage, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);//临时DC透明区域为黑色,其它区域保持不变dcImage.SetBkColor(RGB(0, 0, 0));dcImage.SetTextColor(RGB(255, 255, 255));dcImage.BitBlt(0, 0, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcMask, 0, 0, SRCAND);// 目标DC透明部分保持屏幕不变,其它部分变成黑色pDC->SetBkColor(RGB(255, 255, 255));pDC->SetTextColor(RGB(0, 0, 0));pDC->BitBlt(nXDest, nYDest, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcMask, 0, 0, SRCAND);pDC->BitBlt(nXDest, nYDest, nWidthDest, nHeightDest, &dcImage, 0, 0, SRCPAINT);}//创建空位图BOOL Create(int cx, int cy, CDC* pDc = NULL){if (!CreateCompatibleDC(NULL))return FALSE;CBitmap bmp;if (pDc){if (!bmp.CreateCompatibleBitmap(pDc, cx, cy)) {DeleteDC();return FALSE;}}else{if (!bmp.CreateCompatibleBitmap(&CClientDC(NULL), cx, cy)){DeleteDC();return FALSE;}}this->SelectObject(&bmp);m_size.SetSize(cx, cy);return TRUE;}//加载一张exe外部位图BOOL LoadFile(LPCTSTR sFile, CDC* pDC = NULL){HBITMAP hBitmap = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL, sFile, IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0, LR_LOADFROMFILE);if (!hBitmap)return FALSE; if (!CreateCompatibleDC(NULL)){DeleteObject(hBitmap);return FALSE;}SelectObject(hBitmap);BITMAP bm;GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(bm), &bm);m_size.SetSize(bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight);DeleteObject(hBitmap);return TRUE;}//加载一张资源位图BOOL LoadBitmap(UINT nBitmapID, CDC* pDC = NULL){if (!CreateCompatibleDC(NULL))return FALSE;CBitmap bmp;if (!bmp.LoadBitmap(nBitmapID)){DeleteDC();return FALSE;}SelectObject(&bmp);BITMAP bm;bmp.GetBitmap(&bm);m_size.SetSize(bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight);return TRUE;}CMemoryDC(UINT nBitmapID){LoadBitmap(nBitmapID);}CMemoryDC(LPCTSTR sFile,CDC* pDC = NULL){LoadFile(sFile, pDC);}CMemoryDC(int cx,int cy,CDC* pDC=NULL){Create(cx, cy, pDC);}void MakeRgn(CRgn& r, COLORREF col){r.CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 0, 0);int i = -1, cx = m_size.cx;int j = -1, cy = m_size.cy;while (++j<cy){i = -1;while (++i<cx){if (GetPixel(i, j) != col){CRgn r1;r1.CreateRectRgn(i, j, i + 1, j + 1); //1*1像素r.CombineRgn(&r, &r1, RGN_OR);}}}}};
CFlashDlg.h
#pragma once
#include "CMemoryDC.h"
class CCFlashDlg : public CDialogEx{ struct sData {int nIndex;CPoint pos, dir{ 5,5 };};CList<sData> m_list; //使用动态链表实现 角色的动态增加
// 构造enum {Fly_nCount =7}; //图片总数CMemoryDC m_dcBack{_T("./res/back.bmp")}; //背景图片CMemoryDC m_dcFlys[Fly_nCount]; //蝴蝶CRgn m_rs[Fly_nCount]; //取出背景颜色void LoadPictures();CDC m_dc; //作一个缓冲dc
// 实现
protected:HICON m_hIcon;// 生成的消息映射函数virtual BOOL OnInitDialog();afx_msg void OnPaint();afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon();DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
public:afx_msg void OnTimer(UINT_PTR nIDEvent);afx_msg void OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point);afx_msg void OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy);afx_msg BOOL OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC);
};
CFlashDlg.cpp
#include "pch.h"
#include "framework.h"
#include "CFlash.h"
#include "CFlashDlg.h"
#include "afxdialogex.h"#ifdef _DEBUG
#define new DEBUG_NEW
#endif
CCFlashDlg::CCFlashDlg(CWnd* pParent /*=nullptr*/): CDialogEx(IDD_CFLASH_DIALOG, pParent)
{m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
}void CCFlashDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange* pDX)
{CDialogEx::DoDataExchange(pDX);
}BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CCFlashDlg, CDialogEx)ON_WM_PAINT()ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()ON_WM_TIMER()ON_WM_LBUTTONDOWN()ON_WM_SIZE()ON_WM_ERASEBKGND()
END_MESSAGE_MAP()
BOOL CCFlashDlg::OnInitDialog()
{CDialogEx::OnInitDialog();int cx = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXSCREEN);int cy = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYSCREEN);SetWindowPos(NULL, 0, 0, cx/2, cy/2, SWP_NOZORDER);LoadPictures(); SetTimer(1, 16, NULL);srand((int)time(NULL));return TRUE; // 除非将焦点设置到控件,否则返回 TRUE
}
void CCFlashDlg::OnPaint()
{CPaintDC dc(this); // 用于绘制的设备上下文CRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);m_dc.SetStretchBltMode(STRETCH_HALFTONE); //拉伸图片质量的m_dc.StretchBlt(0, 0, rect.Width(), rect.Height(), &m_dcBack, 0, 0, m_dcBack.GetWidth(), m_dcBack.GetHeight(), SRCCOPY);CMemoryDC mdc(300,280); //创建默认的黑色if (mdc.GetSafeHdc())m_dc.BitBlt(200, 150, 300, 280, &mdc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
//CRgn r;//r.CreateRectRgn(0, 0, 0, 0); //基址//r.CopyRgn(m_rs+m_nIndex); //往那个跑先复制出来 不要破坏它 形状//r.OffsetRgn(m_pos); //你要输出到那个位置//dc.SelectObject(&r);auto pos = m_list.GetHeadPosition();int i = 0;
while (pos){sData& d = m_list.GetNext(pos);auto pDC = m_dcFlys + d.nIndex;pDC->BitTrans(d.pos.x, d.pos.y, pDC->GetWidth(), pDC->GetHeight(), &m_dc, 0, 0, 0xff00ff);if (++d.nIndex >= Fly_nCount)d.nIndex = 0 ;d.pos.Offset(d.dir);
if (d.pos.x + m_dcFlys->GetWidth() > rect.right || d.pos.x < 0)d.dir.x *= -1;if (d.pos.y + m_dcFlys->GetHeight() > rect.bottom || d.pos.y < 0)d.dir.y *= -1;CString str;str.Format(_T("%d"), i++);m_dc.TextOut(d.pos.x,d.pos.y,str);} //闪烁 是因为交替输出 dc.BitBlt(0, 0, rect.Width(), rect.Height(), &m_dc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY); //双缓冲技术 防止闪烁 采用一次性输出全部由m_dc输出
}
void CCFlashDlg::LoadPictures() {int i = -1;CString str;while (++i<_countof(m_dcFlys)) {str.Format(_T("./res/%03d.bmp"), i + 1);m_dcFlys[i].LoadFile(str);m_dcFlys[i].MakeRgn(m_rs[i],0x00ff00ff);}
}
void CCFlashDlg::OnTimer(UINT_PTR nIDEvent)
{Invalidate(TRUE); //制造了闪烁 因为前景输出 会触发再一次的交替输出CDialogEx::OnTimer(nIDEvent);
}
void CCFlashDlg::OnLButtonDown(UINT nFlags, CPoint point) {sData d;d.nIndex = rand() % Fly_nCount;int n = rand() % 2 ? 1 : -1;d.dir.x = 5 * n;n = rand() % 2 ? 1 : -1;d.dir.y = 5 * n;d.pos = point;d.pos.x -= m_dcFlys->GetWidth() / 2; //中心点d.pos.y -= m_dcFlys->GetHeight() / 2; //中心点m_list.AddTail(d);CDialogEx::OnLButtonDown(nFlags, point);
}
void CCFlashDlg::OnSize(UINT nType, int cx, int cy)
{CDialogEx::OnSize(nType, cx, cy);m_dc.DeleteDC();m_dc.CreateCompatibleDC(NULL);CBitmap bmp;bmp.CreateBitmap(cx, cy, 1, 32, NULL);m_dc.SelectObject(&bmp);
}
BOOL CCFlashDlg::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC)
{return TRUE; //给夺权了
}
WM_ERASEBKGND背景刷新的原理
WM_ERASEBKGND是一种消息类型,它是在窗口需要重绘背景时发送给窗口的。背景刷新的原理是在窗口绘制之前,系统首先向窗口发送WM_ERASEBKGND消息,窗口可以在处理此消息时进行背景擦除操作,即清除原有的背景后。系统会发送WM_PAINT消息,窗口可以在处理此消息时进行绘制操作,即绘制新的背景。
具体的背景刷新流程如下:
- 当窗口需要重绘背景时,系统发送WM_ERASEBKGND消息给窗口。
- 窗口接收到WM_ERASEBKGND消息后,可以执行背景擦除操作,清除原有的背景。常见的擦除操作包括用背景色填充窗口区域、绘制背景图片等。
- 完成背景擦除后,窗口可以返回非零值,表示背景已经擦除完毕。
- 系统接收到非零返回值后,发送WM_PAINT消息给窗口。
- 窗口接收到WM_PAINT消息后,可以执行绘制操作,即绘制新的背景。
- 绘制完成后,窗口可以调用ValidateRect或InvalidateRect函数,通知系统该区域已经被绘制完成,系统不再发送WM_PAINT消息。
通过以上流程,窗口可以在接收到WM_ERASEBKGND和WM_PAINT消息时分别进行背景擦除和绘制操作,实现背景的刷新。
RegisterClass注册窗口与框架程序开发
classname注册窗口类型名:有3种方式注册
a)原始API:ATOM RegisterClass(const WNDCLASS *lpWndClass); 注册窗口类型
b)MFC封装之后叫做AfxRegisterClass,类似于AfxMessageBox封装了MessageBox(API)
c)MFC再次封装了一个真正的简易注册函数叫做:AfxRegisterWndClass
返回值是自动生成字符串,字符串的内容包括三要素的句柄sprintf生成的文字
注册的内容主要包括:背景颜色,图标,光标,另外还有的类型包含有菜单
typedef struct tagWNDCLASS {UINT style;WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;int cbClsExtra;int cbWndExtra;HINSTANCE hInstance;HICON hIcon;HCURSOR hCursor;HBRUSH hbrBackground;LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;LPCTSTR lpszClassName;
} WNDCLASS, *PWNDCLASS;
typedef struct tagWNDCLASSEX {UINT cbSize;UINT style;WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;int cbClsExtra;int cbWndExtra;HINSTANCE hInstance;HICON hIcon;HCURSOR hCursor;HBRUSH hbrBackground;LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;LPCTSTR lpszClassName;HICON hIconSm;
} WNDCLASSEX, *PWNDCLASSEX;
LPCTSTR AfxRegisterWndClass( UINT nClassStyle, HCURSOR hCursor = 0, HBRUSH hbrBackground = 0, HICON hIcon = 0
);
AfxRegisterClass比API就是多了GetClassInfo探测一下是否已注册过了。
BOOL AFXAPI AfxRegisterClass(WNDCLASS* lpWndClass) {WNDCLASS wndcls;if (GetClassInfo(lpWndClass->hInstance, lpWndClass->lpszClassName,&wndcls)){return TRUE; // class already registered}if (!RegisterClass(lpWndClass)){TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0, _T("Can't register window class named %Ts\n"),lpWndClass->lpszClassName);return FALSE;}
注册的背景色的原理:
a)RegisterClass指定的背景色,依靠什么输出的呢?
b)WM_ERASEBKGND消息,是默认的背景输出管理消息。
c)WM_ERASEBKGND消息对比WM_PAINT,是微软设计的前景和背景管理消息。
d)他当年设计的原理是想要背景覆盖前景,方便刷新。 但是这个设计可能会制造闪烁问题?
解决办法
a)Invalidate函数代入TRUE,表示先触发WM_ERASEBKGRND再触发WM_PAINT消息。
b)Invalidate函数代入FALSE,表示不触发WM_ERASEBKGRND只触发WM_PAINT消息。
c)因此,好彻底解决闪烁问题还要注意,尽量Invalidate代入FALSE;
d)另外,也尽量把WM_ERASEBKGRND消息映射函数清空,只留WM_PAINT 的输出。
inline static bool IsWindowClassRegistered(LPCTSTR sClass) //用于检测注册类名 是否会重复
{WNDCLASSEX wcex;return (GetClassInfoEx(NULL, sClass, &wcex) != 0);
}
BOOL CLadderCtrl::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC) // RegisterClass(&wc); wc.hbrBackground = m_brBack; 背景颜色依靠这个消息输出的
{return CWnd::OnEraseBkgnd(pDC); //默认背景输出
}
BOOL CLadderCtrl::Create(DWORD dwStyle, CRect rect, CWnd* pParent, int nID)
{if (!IsWindowClassRegistered(_T("Ladder_XQ"))) //用于判断注册类名会不会重复{WNDCLASS wc = { CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW }; //注册窗口类型名wc.hCursor = theApp.LoadStandardCursor(IDC_HAND);wc.hbrBackground = m_brBack;wc.lpszClassName = _T("Ladder_XQ");wc.lpfnWndProc = ::DefWindowProc;RegisterClass(&wc);}return CWnd::Create(_T("Ladder_XQ"), NULL, dwStyle, rect, pParent, nID);
}
BOOL Clvxin21Dlg::OnEraseBkgnd(CDC* pDC)
{ CRect rect;GetClientRect(rect);pDC->FillSolidRect(rect, GetSysColor(COLOR_BTNFACE));return TRUE;
}
CFrameRegister
MFC环境下创建框架窗口的必备条件:
a)InitInstance必须return TRUE;
b)theApp.m_pMainWnd 必须指向主窗口对象地址:
c)主窗口对象必须是堆空间或者生命期足够。
#include "CApp.h"
#include "CMainFrame.h"
CApp thApp;//CWnd* pFrame = new CWnd;
can't use for desktop or pop-up windows (use CreateEx instead) create不允许用于创建主窗口
//pFrame->Create(NULL, _T("我的世界"), WS_VISIBLE, CRect(100, 100, 800, 600), NULL, 9999);//CWnd* pFrame = new CWnd;
使用CreatEx时 首先要 make sure the default window class is registered no WNDCLASS provided - use child window default 没有的默认为子窗口创建
//pFrame->CreateEx(0, NULL, _T("我的世界"), WS_VISIBLE, CRect(100, 100, 800, 600), NULL, 9999);
BOOL CApp::InitInstance(){/*LPCTSTR sClass = _T("MY_WORLD");WNDCLASS wc{ CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW | CS_DBLCLKS };wc.lpfnWndProc = ::DefWindowProc;wc.lpszClassName = sClass;wc.hCursor = LoadStandardCursor(IDC_CROSS);wc.hIcon = LoadStandardIcon(IDI_INFORMATION);wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(LTGRAY_BRUSH);RegisterClass(&wc);*/auto pFrame = new CMainFrame;BOOL b = pFrame->CreateEx(0, NULL, _T("我的世界"),WS_VISIBLE | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX |WS_MINIMIZEBOX| WS_SYSMENU, 100, 100, 800, 600, NULL, NULL);m_pMainWnd = pFrame;return TRUE;
}
#include "CMainFrame.h"
BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
{//if (!CWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs)) //给子框架用来注册的,对主框架不好使// return FALSE;cs.lpszClass = AfxRegisterWndClass(0); //自己添加的使用的AfxRegisterWndClass 也可以继续在添加属性 预处理return CWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs);
}