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https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39190382?type=blog

0. 前言

【设计模式|上】【创建型】
【设计模式 | 中】【结构型】

适配器模式
代理模式
装饰器模式
桥接模式
组合模式
外观模式
享元模式

【设计模式 | 下】【行为型】

1. 正文

1.2 结构型

1.2.1 适配器模式(Adapter)

场景： 不改变接口的情况下，修改实现功能是实现方式

'''
Adapter
'''
#适配器模式
# 将一个类的接口转换成客户希望的另外一个接口。使得原本由于接口不兼容而不能一起工作的那些类可以一起工作。
# 应用场景：希望复用一些现存的类，但是接口又与复用环境要求不一致。def printInfo(info):print(info)#球员类
class Player():name = ''def __init__(self,name):self.name = namedef Attack(self,name):passdef Defense(self):pass#前锋
class Forwards(Player):def __init__(self,name):Player.__init__(self,name)def Attack(self):printInfo("前锋%s 进攻" % self.name)def Defense(self):printInfo("前锋%s 防守" % self.name)#中锋（目标类）
class Center(Player):def __init__(self,name):Player.__init__(self,name)def Attack(self):printInfo("中锋%s 进攻" % self.name)def Defense(self):printInfo("中锋%s 防守" % self.name)#后卫
class Guards(Player):def __init__(self,name):Player.__init__(self,name)def Attack(self):printInfo("后卫%s 进攻" % self.name)def Defense(self):printInfo("后卫%s 防守" % self.name)#外籍中锋（待适配类）
#中锋
class ForeignCenter(Player):name = ''def __init__(self,name):Player.__init__(self,name)def ForeignAttack(self):printInfo("外籍中锋%s 进攻" % self.name)def ForeignDefense(self):printInfo("外籍中锋%s 防守" % self.name)#翻译（适配类）
class Translator(Player):foreignCenter = Nonedef __init__(self,name):self.foreignCenter = ForeignCenter(name)def Attack(self):self.foreignCenter.ForeignAttack()def Defense(self):self.foreignCenter.ForeignDefense()def clientUI():b = Forwards('巴蒂尔')ym = Guards('姚明')m = Translator('麦克格雷迪')b.Attack()m.Defense()ym.Attack()b.Defense()returnif __name__ == '__main__':clientUI()

1.2.2 代理模式

场景： 不方便直接访问，需要中间过程作为过渡才能访问

 
'''
Proxy
'''# 代理模式
# 应用特性：需要在通信双方中间需要一些特殊的中间操作时引用，多加一个中间控制层。
# 结构特性：建立一个中间类，创建一个对象，接收一个对象，然后把两者联通起来class sender_base:def __init__(self):passdef send_something(self, something):passclass send_class(sender_base):def __init__(self, receiver):self.receiver = receiverdef send_something(self, something):print("SEND " + something + ' TO ' + self.receiver.name)class agent_class(sender_base):def __init__(self, receiver):self.send_obj = send_class(receiver)def send_something(self, something):self.send_obj.send_something(something)class receive_class:def __init__(self, someone):self.name = someoneif '__main__' == __name__:receiver = receive_class('Burgess')agent = agent_class(receiver)agent.send_something('agentinfo')print(receiver.__class__)print(agent.__class__)

1.2.3 装饰模式

 
'''
Decorator
'''class foo(object):def f1(self):print("original f1")def f2(self):print("original f2")class foo_decorator(object):def __init__(self, decoratee):self._decoratee = decorateedef f1(self):print("decorated f1")self._decoratee.f1()def __getattr__(self, name):return getattr(self._decoratee, name)u = foo()
v = foo_decorator(u)
v.f1()
v.f2()

1.2.4 桥模式(Bridge)

'''
Bridge
'''
class AbstractRoad(object):'''路基类'''car = Noneclass AbstractCar(object):'''车辆基类'''def run(self):raise NotImplementedErrorclass Street(AbstractRoad):'''市区街道'''def run(self):self.car.run()print("在市区街道上行驶")class SpeedWay(AbstractRoad):'''高速公路'''def run(self):self.car.run()print("在高速公路上行驶")class Car(AbstractCar):'''小汽车'''def run(self):print("小汽车在")class Bus(AbstractCar):'''公共汽车'''def run(self):print("公共汽车在")if __name__ == "__main__":#小汽车在高速上行驶road1 = SpeedWay()road1.car = Car()road1.run()#road2 = SpeedWay()road2.car = Bus()road2.run()road3 = Street()road3.car = Bus()road3.run()

1.2.5 组合模式(Composite)

"""
Composite
"""class Component:def __init__(self, strName):self.m_strName = strNamedef Add(self, com):passdef Display(self, nDepth):passclass Leaf(Component):def Add(self, com):print("leaf can't add")def Display(self, nDepth):strtemp = "-" * nDepthstrtemp = strtemp + self.m_strNameprint(strtemp)class Composite(Component):def __init__(self, strName):self.m_strName = strNameself.c = []def Add(self, com):self.c.append(com)def Display(self, nDepth):strtemp = "-" * nDepthstrtemp = strtemp + self.m_strNameprint(strtemp)for com in self.c:com.Display(nDepth + 2)if __name__ == "__main__":p = Composite("Wong")p.Add(Leaf("Lee"))p.Add(Leaf("Zhao"))p1 = Composite("Wu")p1.Add(Leaf("San"))p.Add(p1)p.Display(1)

1.2.6 外观模式(Facade)

'''
Facade外观模式（Facade），为子系统中的一组接口提供一个一致的界面，定义一个高层接口，这个接口使得这一子系统更加容易使用。
在以下情况下可以考虑使用外观模式：
(1)设计初期阶段，应该有意识的将不同层分离，层与层之间建立外观模式。
(2) 开发阶段，子系统越来越复杂，增加外观模式提供一个简单的调用接口。
(3) 维护一个大型遗留系统的时候，可能这个系统已经非常难以维护和扩展，但又包含非常重要的功能，为其开发一个外观类，以便新系统与其交互。优点编辑
（1）实现了子系统与客户端之间的松耦合关系。
（2）客户端屏蔽了子系统组件，减少了客户端所需处理的对象数目，并使得子系统使用起来更加容易。
'''def printInfo(info):print(info)class Stock():name = '股票'def buy(self):printInfo('买 '+self.name)def sell(self):printInfo('卖 '+self.name)class ETF():name = '指数型基金'def buy(self):printInfo('买 '+self.name)def sell(self):printInfo('卖 '+self.name)class Future():name = '期货'def buy(self):printInfo('买 '+self.name)def sell(self):printInfo('卖 '+self.name)class NationDebt():name = '国债'def buy(self):printInfo('买 '+self.name)def sell(self):printInfo('卖 '+self.name)class Option():name = '权证'def buy(self):printInfo('买 '+self.name)def sell(self):printInfo('卖 '+self.name)#基金
class Fund():def __init__(self):self.stock = Stock()self.etf = ETF()self.future = Future()self.debt = NationDebt()self.option = Option()def buyFund(self):self.stock.buy()self.etf.buy()self.debt.buy()self.future.buy()self.option.buy()def sellFund(self):self.stock.sell()self.etf.sell()self.future.sell()self.debt.sell()self.option.sell()def clientUI():myFund = Fund()myFund.buyFund()myFund.sellFund()returnif __name__ == '__main__':clientUI()

1.2.7 享元模式–Flyweight

'''
Flyweight
'''
class FlyweightBase(object):_instances = dict()  #皴法实例化的对象内存地址def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):#继承的子类必须初始化raise NotImplementedErrordef __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):print(cls._instances,type(cls))  #cls 就是你要实例化的子类如：obj = Spam(1,abc)return cls._instances.setdefault((cls,args,tuple(kwargs.items())), #key   （实例和参数）obj = Spam(y,x)super(FlyweightBase,cls).__new__(cls)  # value  #实例化新的对象的内存地址# 调用自身的_instances字典，如果没有往父类找_instances字典# setdefault：判断_instances字典是否有该key:obj = Spam(y,x)实例 ,#               如果有，返回该key的value（上次实例化对象（内存地址））# setdefault： 如果找不到key：obj = Spam(y,x)实例 ，就在_instances字典就创建该key，value为新实例化对象（内存地址）#               返回该新创建key的value(该次实例化的对象（内存地址）# 这也就说明你实例化对象的时候，如果形参相同的话，不用实例化，直接返回已存在的实例的内存）)
class Spam(FlyweightBase):'''精子类'''def test_data(self):passdef __init__(self,a,b):self.a = aself.b = bdef test_data(self):print("精子准备好了",self.a,self.b)
class Egg(FlyweightBase):'''卵类'''def __init__(self,x,y):self.x = xself.y = ydef test_data(self):print("卵子准备好了",self.x,self.y)spam1 = Spam(1,'abc')
spam2 = Spam(1,'abc')
spam3 = Spam(3,'DEF')egg1 = Egg(1,'abc')
print(id(spam1),id(spam2),id(spam3))#egg2 = Egg(4,'abc')
# assert spam1 is spam2
# assert egg1 is not spam1
# print(id(spam1),id(spam2))
# spam2.test_data()
# egg1.test_data()
# print(egg1._instances)
# print(egg1._instances.keys())

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