#1-影像组学的常规步骤是怎么样的？

传统影像组学的步骤包括：
1、影像获取及预处理；
2、感兴趣区(ROI)标定；
3、影像组学特征提取；
4、特征降维；
5、模型建立、优化。

#2-做影像组学用的电脑硬件配置有什么要求？

传统影像组学研究对电脑硬件的要求并不高，以3D Slicer软件为例，官方推荐配置要求：

Memory: more than 4GB (8 or more is recommended). As a general rule, have 10x more memory than the amount of data that you load.

Display: a minimum resolution of 1024 by 768 (1280 by 1024 or better is recommended).

Graphics: Dedicated graphics hardware (discrete GPU) memory is recommended for fast volume rendering.

GPU: Graphics must support minimum OpenGL 3.2. Integrated graphics card is sufficient for basic visualization. Discrete graphics card (such as NVidia GPU) is recommended for interactive 3D volume rendering and fast rendering of complex scenes. GPU texture memory (VRAM) should be larger than your largest dataset (e.g., working with 2GB data, get VRAM > 4GB) and check that your images fit in maximum texture dimensions of your GPU hardware. Except rendering, most calculations are performed on CPU, therefore having a faster GPU will generally not impact the overall speed of the application.Some computations in 3D Slicer are multi-threaded and will benefit from multi core, multi CPU configurations.Interface device: a three button mouse with scroll wheel is recommended. Pen, multi-touchscreen, touchpad, and graphic tablet are supported. All OpenVR-compatible virtual reality headsets are supported for virtual reality display.Internet connection to access extensions, Python packages, online documentation, sample data sets, and tutorials.

图片
主要包括：
配置要求：

计算机需要足够的内存和图形功能将原始数据和处理结果保存在其内存中。
内存：超过4GB（推荐8G以上）。
显示：最小分辨率为1024×768（推荐为1280×1024或更好）。
专用图形硬件和内存（建议使用1GB）。
Slicer中的许多计算都是多线程的，并且将受益于多核，多CPU配置。
接口设备：推荐使用带滚轮的三键鼠标。

根据笔者实际经验，如果内存不足可能导致软件罢工，其余显示、GPU等均非必要。
因此笔者推荐16G内存电脑，且越大越好。
如涉及深度学习等方法的研究需根据实际需求配置电脑，无法一概而论。

#3-影像组学研究用电脑系统要求？

理论上讲三大主流平台Windows, Linux和MacOS均可进行影像组学研究。但一些优秀的软件对Windows平台支持不好。Windows系统的电脑可通过虚拟机或双系统解决这一问题。

以3D Slicer为例，对系统版本的推荐如下：
Windows: Windows 10, with all recommended updates installed. Windows 10 Version 1903 (May 2019 Update) version is required for support of international characters (UTF-8) in filenames and text. Microsoft does not support Windows 8.1 and Windows 7 anymore and Slicer is not tested on these legacy operating system versions, but may still work.
macOS: macOS High Sierra (10.13) or later. Latest public release is recommended.
Linux: Ubuntu 18.04 or later
CentOS 7 or later. Latest LTS (Long-term-support) version is recommended.