1 简介

官网：https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/；
JsonPath 是一种简单的方法来提取给定JSON文档的部分内容；
JsonPath 支持多种编程语言，如Javascript，Java，Python和PHP。

2 官方实例

下边是官方给出的一个JSON实例数据，便于后续分析：

{ "store": {"book": [ { "category": "reference","author": "Nigel Rees","title": "Sayings of the Century","price": 8.95},{ "category": "fiction","author": "Evelyn Waugh","title": "Sword of Honour","price": 12.99},{ "category": "fiction","author": "Herman Melville","title": "Moby Dick","isbn": "0-553-21311-3","price": 8.99},{ "category": "fiction","author": "J. R. R. Tolkien","title": "The Lord of the Rings","isbn": "0-395-19395-8","price": 22.99}],"bicycle": {"color": "red","price": 19.95}}
}

3 JsonPath与XPath语法对比

`Xpath`	`JsonPath`	描述
`/`	`$`	根节点
`.`	`@`	现行节点
`/`	`. 或 []`	取子节点
`…`	无	取父节点，`Jsonpath`未支持
`@`	无	根据属性访问，`Jsonpath`未支持，因为`Json`是个`Key-value`递归结构，不支持属性访问
`*`	`*`	匹配所有元素节点
`[]`	`[]`	迭代器标示(可以在里面做简单的迭代操作，如数组下标，根据内容选值等)
竖线	`[,]`	支持迭代器中做多选。连接操作符在`XPath` 结果合并其它结点集合。`Jsonpath`允许`name`或者数组索引。
`[]`	`?()`	支持过滤操作
无	`[start: end: step]`	数组分割操作从ES4借鉴
无	`()`	脚本表达式，使用底层脚本引擎。支持表达式计算
`()`	无	`Xpath`分组；`JsonPath`不支持

4 实例说明JsonPath与XPath语法

通过步骤2中的官方实例，简单看下JsonPath与XPath语法的区别：

XPath	JsonPath	描述
`/store/book/author`	`$.store.book[*].author`	获取店内所有书籍的作者
`//author`	`$..author`	获取所有作者
`/store/*`	`$.store.*`	获取`store`的所有元素。所有的`book`和`bicycle`
`/store//price`	`$.store..price`	获取`store`里面所有东西的价格
`//book[3]`	`$..book[2]`	获取第三本书的所有信息
`//book[last()]`	`$..book[(@.length-1)] 或$..book[-1:]`	获取最后一本书的所有信息
`//book[position()<3]`	`$..book[0,1] 或 $..book[:2]`	获取前面两本书的所有信息
`//book[isbn]`	`$..book[?(@.isbn)]`	过滤出所有的包含`isbn`的书信息
`//book[price<10]`	`$..book[?(@.price<10)]`	过滤出价格低于10的书
`//*`	`$..*`	获取所有元素

5 Python中JsonPath模块

官网：https://pypi.org/project/jsonpath/；
下载安装：

pip install jsonpath

在这里插入图片描述

6 Python中JsonPath使用

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者：虫无涯
# 日期：2023/7/31 
# 文件名称：json_path.py
# 作用：jsonpath
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelsonimport jsonpath as jpdata = { "store": {"book": [{ "category": "reference","author": "Nigel Rees","title": "Sayings of the Century","price": 8.95},{ "category": "fiction","author": "Evelyn Waugh","title": "Sword of Honour","price": 12.99},{ "category": "fiction","author": "Herman Melville","title": "Moby Dick","isbn": "0-553-21311-3","price": 8.99},{ "category": "fiction","author": "J. R. R. Tolkien","title": "The Lord of the Rings","isbn": "0-395-19395-8","price": 22.99}],"bicycle": {"color": "red","price": 19.95}}
}

# 获取店内所有书籍的作者
author = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.book[*].author')
print(author)# 输出
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']

# 获取所有作者
all_aythor = jp.jsonpath(data, '$..author')
print(all_aythor)# 输出
['Nigel Rees', 'Evelyn Waugh', 'Herman Melville', 'J. R. R. Tolkien']

# 获取store的所有元素
book_bicycle = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store.*')
print(book_bicycle)# 输出
[[{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Evelyn Waugh', 'title': 'Sword of Honour', 'price': 12.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}], {'color': 'red', 'price': 19.95}]

# 获取store里面所有东西的价格
price = jp.jsonpath(data, "$.store..price")
print(price)# 输出
[8.95, 12.99, 8.99, 22.99, 19.95]

# 获取最后一本书的所有信息
last_book = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[-1:]')
print(last_book)# 输出：
[{'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'J. R. R. Tolkien', 'title': 'The Lord of the Rings', 'isbn': '0-395-19395-8', 'price': 22.99}]

# 过滤出价格低于10的书
p = jp.jsonpath(data, '$.store..book[?(@.price<10)]')
print(p)# 输出：
[{'category': 'reference', 'author': 'Nigel Rees', 'title': 'Sayings of the Century', 'price': 8.95}, {'category': 'fiction', 'author': 'Herman Melville', 'title': 'Moby Dick', 'isbn': '0-553-21311-3', 'price': 8.99}]

7 结合接口测试的实例

接口数据，参照：
搭建禅道环境作为练习UI和接口自动化测试对象，来搭建接口测试的环境，此处略；
选择两个接口：用户登陆和用户查询：

# 登陆接口
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/tokens
data = {"account": "admin", "password": "123456"}

# 获取我的个人信息
http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1/user

实例：

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# 作者：虫无涯
# 日期：2023/7/31 
# 文件名称：json_path.py
# 作用：jsonpath
# 联系：VX(NoamaNelson)
# 博客：https://blog.csdn.net/NoamaNelsonimport jsonpath as jp
import requests
import jsonbase_url = "http://127.0.0.1/zentao/api.php/v1"
token_url = base_url + "/tokens"
info_rurl = base_url + "/user"header = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}
data = {"account": "admin", "password": "ZenTao123456"}r_data = json.dumps(data)
r = requests.post(url=token_url, data=r_data, headers=header)r_token = jp.jsonpath(r.json(), '$..token')
print(r_token)data1 = {"token": r_token[0]}
headers = dict(header, **data1)
r1 = requests.get(url=info_rurl, headers=headers)
print(r1.text)

输出：

['14333e8b34595c5d22794e14c401a125']
{"profile":{"id":1,"company":0,"type":"inside","dept":0,"account":"admin","role":
{"code":"","name":""},
"realname":"admin","pinyin":"","nickname":"","commiter":"","avatar":null,"birthday":null,"gender":"f","email":"","skype":"","qq":"","mobile":"","phone":"","weixin":"","dingding":"","slack":"","whatsapp":"","address":"","zipcode":"","nature":null,"analysis":null,"strategy":null,"join":null,"visits":5,"visions":",rnd,lite,","ip":"127.0.0.1","last":"2023-07-31T06:14:45Z","fails":0,"locked":null,"feedback":"0","ranzhi":"","ldap":"","score":0,"scoreLevel":0,"resetToken":"","deleted":"0","clientStatus":"offline","clientLang":"zh-cn","admin":true,"superReviewer":false,"view":
{"account":"admin","programs":"","products":"","projects":"","sprints":""}}}